New observations on the anodic oxidation of copper in hot acidified copper sulfate solutions

The anodic oxidation of copper in acidified copper sulfate solution has been investigated by potentiostatic and voltammetric techniques. The morphology and composition of the films were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The passive layer is mainly composed of CuSO₄. The presence of a Cu₂O phase becomes detectable after multiple sweeps and thorough rinsing of the electrode with water at the end of the experiment. The effects of electrolyte composition and temperature on the phenomenon of passivation are also discussed. The initial steps of the copper dissolution were found to obey Tafel kinetics, and the maximum dissolution current, as well as the limiting transpassive current, was controlled by the rate of diffusion of cupric ions. The phenomenon of current oscillations occurs at potentials near the peak current upon scan reversal, suggesting that oscillations only occur with the formation of a sufficiently thick film. Oscillatory behavior disappears when conditions favor salt film stability. Formerly with the Departement de Mines et Métallurgie, Université Laval. MAGDY GIRGIS, formerly with the Department of Chemistry, Carleton University.     

以硫酸铜为原料生产铜粉的工艺实践

介绍了以硫酸铜为原料生产铜粉的关键工艺条件以及工业化生产中的问题和解决方案。采用电积法生产铜粉,具有成本低、产品粒度细、生产流程短、劳动强度低等特点,同时为阴极铜生产企业尽快变现中间物料提供了一种新的生产工艺。     

底吹熔池炼铜技术的应用

介绍了底吹熔池炼铜技术的特点、处理复杂金精矿的效果以及在越南、东营、牟平的应用情况.     

Pressure leaching of copper arsenic-containing mattes with copper sulfate solutions

The topicality is shown to improve the processing technology of complex polymetallic raw material containing a considerable amount of toxic impurities of arsenic and lead. Results on pressure leaching the mattes formed after reduction smelting the dusts of OAO Sredneural’skii Copper Smeltery (SUMZ) by solutions of copper sulfate are discussed. These mattes contain a considerable amount of lead and arsenic. According to the data of X-ray phase analysis of matte samples, phases of sulfides (PbS, PbS ? As₂S₃, Cu₂S, FeS, and (Zn,Fe)S) and arsenides (FeAs₂, Cu₃As, FeAs, and Cu_0.85As_0.15), as well as inclusions of metallic copper, are revealed in them. Optimal parameters of matte leaching by copper sulfate solutions are the temperature of 150–180°C, acidity from 5 to 30 g/dm³, and copper concentration of 14–32 g/dm³. This process made it possible to extract 85% As into the solution, while copper and lead remained in the cake in this case.     

利用湿法净化铜渣制取硫酸铜的生产实践

内蒙古巴彦淖尔紫金公司利用湿法净化铜渣生产硫酸铜,该工艺可操作性强,完全达到了利用硫酸铜降低净化工序锌粉消耗的目标.文章讨论了生产工艺最佳控制务件.采用此工艺,可得到符合GB437-93的优质硫酸铜晶体,具有较好的经济效益和社会效益.     

Dynamic modelling of an industrial copper solvent extraction process

The dynamic behaviour of an industrial copper solvent extraction mixer–settler cascade is modelled to develop an advanced process control system. First, the process is introduced and the dynamical models are formulated. The testing environment is described and the successful results presented. Only industrially measured variables are required and plant-specific McCabe-Thiele diagrams are utilized to predict copper concentrations. The results with constant and adapted parameters are compared and the importance of parameter adaptation is discussed. Testing the simulator with adapted parameters over a period of 1 month of industrial operating data gave data that followed the real process measurements closely. In the future, the mechanistic models will be used for control system development and testing. The model can be used on all copper solvent extraction plants by modifying the flow configuration and adapting parameters.     

Study of humidifying oxygen with 0.1 copper sulfate solution

The 0.1/dL copper sulfate solution may be used to replace distilled water for humidifying oxygen. It can reduce the carrier rate and prolong the using time. There is little copper-ion in the oxygen while the 0.5/dL copper sulfate solution were used continuously for 9 days. The oxygen humidified by copper sulfate solution has no peculiar smell. The solution is cheap, easy to make, and has broad bacteriostatic spectrum.     

湿式催化氧化技术在工业废水处理中的运用

简要介绍温式催化氧化（CWO）技术在高浓度生化难降解工业废水中的应用。     

云铜熔池熔炼最新两项相关技术研究进展

对云铜熔池熔炼的最新两项研究成果——气泡生成单元过程研究及在实践中的应用、熔池熔炼炉余热锅炉结渣的成因进行了阐述,这两项研究推进了云铜艾萨炉备件的国产化,提升了复杂铜精矿处理能力,促进了云铜熔池熔炼的发展,使云铜艾萨炉始终保持最优状况。     

The evaporation rates and mechanisms of cadmium from a bubble-stirred molten copper bath

Experiments to determine the evaporation rates and aerosol formation mechanism of cadmium in molten copper at atmospheric pressure have been carried out. A small amount of cadmium (∼1 wt pct) was added to molten copper at 1473 K and allowed to evaporate while bubbling 750 and 1500 cm³/min of argon through the melt. Melt samples were periodically taken and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma/mass spectroscopy (ICP/MS) to determine their impurity content. A theoretical model to predict the evaporation rates of solutes from molten metals was developed and compared to the experimental results. Excellent correlation between experiment and theory was found for the cadmiumcopper system. The model has been extended to other solutes and also to molten Fe-3 (wt pct) C at 1873 K as a solvent.     

The effect of dietary supplementation with copper sulfate or tribasic copper chloride on broiler performance, relative copper bioavailability, and dietary prooxidant activity

A new classification has been proposed for prophylactic antiradiation drugs, which are divided into three groups: radioprotectors, stimulators of radioresistance and the means of protection from internal irradiation. Depending on organs (systems) for the protection of which they are designed, radioprotectors in their turn are subdivided into myelo-, entero- and cerebroprotectors; stimulators of radioresistance (depending on the optimal regimens of their use to develop a higher resistance of the organism) are subdivided into drugs that are effective in single and repeated (course) use; the means of protection from internal irradiation are subdivided into the drugs that prevent incorporation of radioiodine by the thyroid gland, and into the drugs preventing absorption of radionuclides in the digestive tract. The main features that distinguish radioprotectors from stimulators of radioresistance are presented. The former are characterized by such properties as exhibiting the effect exquisitely when prophylactically administered in doses close to those of maximal tolerance, greatest effect against shortterm (pulse) irradiation, rapid development and short duration of the radioprotective action period, reduction in the effect in repeated use, etc. Stimulators of radioresistance rank below radioprotectors in their effect against short-term irradiation, however, unlike the latter, they exhibit their protective effect against a long-term (low dose rate) exposure as well under the conditions of both prophylactic and therapeutic use; their radioprotective action is more prolonged, they are distinguished for their low toxicity and lower the risk of delayed sequelae of irradiation, etc. Examples of the most typical members of each group of prophylactic antiradiation drugs are cited, data are presented which characterize their radioprotective activity, the role and place in the system of antiradiation protection of troops and population.     

硝酸银光度法测定工业硫酸锌中痕量砷

以聚乙烯醇为介质,硝酸银为显色剂,在乙醇体系中,采用分光光度法测定了工业硫酸锌中痕量砷。在1.8～3.6mol/L酸度下,硫酸锌中砷被锌粒还原成砷化氢气体逸出,用硝酸银-聚乙烯醇-乙醇溶液作为砷化氢的吸收剂,砷化氢将硝酸银还原成单质胶态银,在聚乙烯醇的作用下显黄色,其最大吸收峰位于400nm波长处,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.2×105L·mol-1·cm-1,砷的质量浓度在0～0.6mg/L范围内符合比尔定律。方法用于工业硫酸锌样品的分析,回收率在99%～103%之间,相对标准偏差为1.7%～2.4%,结果同DDTC-Ag光度法的测定结果相一致。     

Kinetics of melted copper oxidation with oxygen of the gas phase

The oxidation of melted copper with air oxygen is considered from a viewpoint of the electrochemical theory of interactions at the melt-oxygen-containing gas interface. The calculations using the experimental data show that the process proceeds in a kinetic regime. The rate-determining step is the detachment of the first electron from an adsorbed oxygen atom. The oxidation of liquid copper in a circulation gas lift is calculated.     

调整产业结构 提升行业素质 推进中国铜加工业全面发展

介绍了目前我国铜加工业的生产、消费及进出口现状以及在国家实施的支持重点行业、重点企业、重点技术项目等一系列政策下,我国铜加工业的技术装备水平、产品质量有了较大提高,产业结构、产品结构、技术结构有了好转。但在总体上与国外先进水平相比仍有较大差距,应进一步深化改革与结构调整,以推进铜加工业全面发展。     

Novel atmospheric scorodite synthesis by oxidation of ferrous sulfate solution. Part I

A new atmospheric scorodite synthesis process was investigated. A large size and good crystalline scorodite was precipitated at 95 °C even in a short time of 1 to 7 h when ferrous ions were oxidized by oxygen gas in the presence of As(V) ion with concentrations as high as 50 g/L As in sulfuric acid solution. The key point of the process is the ferrous state of iron in solution and the oxidation of ferrous ions during the scorodite precipitation. This scorodite has a particle size of 15 μm with approximately 10% moisture content (wet base) even under atmospheric conditions. The arsenic content was about 30% by mass. The results of the leach test are very desirable. The process can be applied to a primary smelter which produces copper, zinc, lead and other secondary materials.     

Optimization and continuous casting: Part II. Application to industrial casters

The optimization of the operation and design of continuous casters is formulated and solved using a nonlinear programing (NLP) strategy. Using objective and constraint functions that relate to casting performance and steel quality, the optimization is performed using a successive quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm applied to a heat flow model. Theoretical development for this approach was presented in Part I of this study.^[2] In this article, we present the results of this approach for 12 casting cases. Here, billet and slab caster models were considered for rate maximization, rate minimization, and maximization of enthalpy at the.cutoff point. Both of these are two-dimensional heat flow models based on industrial continuous casters. The results show that optimization is a viable and effective tool for developing operating strategies for casters. Moreover, many of the optimal solutions are not likely to be discovered through normal operating practice or case study. For example, spray heat-transfer coefficients need not be in decreasing order, and the maximum casting rate may be slightly different from the case for maximum enthalpy in the strand. Formerly with the Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Carnegie Mellon University.     

多路复用控制技术在工业系统中的应用

应用数字控制多输入多输出系统现代控制理论 ,对模拟测量信号的多路采样、顺序控制信号的数模变换及两者对控制算法设计的影响进行了研究 ,总结了计算机在控制系统、多路采样系统以及数据处理等方面的应用方法 .     

The prediction of individual differences in susceptibility to industrial monotony.

"Responses to questions concerning feelings of monotony and boredom on the job were compared, for a group of 72 women, with answers to other questions designed to test hypotheses… concerning the personal characteristics associated with susceptibility to monotony." The susceptible worker is likely to be young, restless in his daily habits and leisure-time activities, and less satisfied with personal, home, and plant situations in aspects not directly concerned with uniformity or repetitiveness. Feelings of monotony are considered to be not merely a function of the task performed, but are related to more general factors in the individual worker. 21 references. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

变频技术在工业供水中的应用

文章探讨了工业供水采用变频技术的优越性，并总结了运用变频供水技术应注意的问题。