纳米SiO2改性竹纤维/乙烯基树脂复合材料界面相容性

以乙烯基树脂(VE)为基体,竹纤维(BF)为增强材料,通过偶联剂KH602对纳米SiO₂进行改性处理,并利用改性后纳米SiO₂分别对竹纤维和树脂进行改性处理,采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型工艺(VARTM)制备了BF/VE复合材料。采用FTIR、SEM对改性后纤维和树脂的表面物理化学状态进行表征,结果表明:改性纳米SiO₂成功化学接枝到竹纤维表面且分散到树脂基体中,改性纳米SiO₂在BF1/VE0.5 (用1.0wt%改性纳米SiO₂改性纤维和0.5wt%改性纳米SiO₂改性树脂)复合材料中分散更为均匀;采用力学试验机和SEM对复合材料力学、断口和表面形貌进行分析,考察改性纳米SiO₂的添加量对BF/VE复合材料力学性能、界面性能的影响。结果表明:BF1/VE0.5复合材料的拉伸、弯曲及冲击强度分别达到最大值49.0 MPa、70.6 MPa和150.4 J/m,与未处理的复合材料相比分别提高了18.9%、26.1%、70.7%。此外,还初步探讨了改性纳米SiO₂的界面增强机制。      

氧化石墨烯改性碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的湿热性能及微观形貌

采用湿法预浸技术和模压工艺制备了氧化石墨烯(GO)改性碳纤维/环氧树脂(CF/EP)复合材料,研究了 GO在室温干态及湿热处理后对CF/EP复合材料动态热力学性能和层间剪切性能的影响,并通过微观形貌分析了复合材料的改性机制.结果表明,当GO添加量分别为0.5％和0.8％时,GO-CF/EP复合材料的玻璃化转变温度(Tg...     

Development of aligned-hemp yarn-reinforced green composites with soy protein resin: Effect of pH on mechanical and interfacial properties

Unidirectional hemp yarn-reinforced green composites were fabricated with soy protein concentrate (SPC) resin processed at various pH values. To preserve the yarn alignment during the fabrication of green composites, hemp yarn was wound onto a metal frame with slight tension and precured SPC resin was applied to the yarns. Effects of pH values on the tensile properties of the SPC resin and hemp yarn/SPC resin interfacial shear strength (IFSS) were investigated. Increasing pH of the SPC resin from 7 to 12 decreased its fracture stress and Young’s modulus from 13.1 MPa and 357.5 MPa to 8.1 MPa and 156.2 MPa, respectively. At the same time fracture strain and moisture content increased from 31.5% and 15.65% to 53·4% and 19.30%, respectively, indicating resin plasticization. However, hemp yarn/SPC resin IFSS increased from 17.7 MPa at pH 7 up to 28.0 MPa at pH 10, after which it decreased. The fracture toughness of the composites increased up to pH of 10 but further increase in pH reduced the toughness. SEM photomicrographs showed fracture surfaces of hemp yarn-reinforced green composites that indicated better resin/fiber interaction at pH of 10 than 7 or 12.     

铝矾土改性竹粉/HDPE复合材料性能

为制备高性能的木塑复合材料,扩展其应用领域,采用A-171硅烷偶联剂对竹粉进行表面改性,并添加一定量的铝矾土,经热压成型制备了竹粉/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)复合材料。分析了铝矾土用量对竹粉/HDPE复合材料力学性能、耐热性和摩擦性能的影响。采用XRD分析了铝矾土的结晶特性,利用SEM和EDS分析了竹粉/HDPE复合材料的断面形貌和表面元素分布情况。结果表明:加入适量铝矾土后,竹粉/HDPE复合材料的力学强度、耐热性及耐磨性能得以改善。铝矾土在竹粉/HDPE复合材料基体中分布均匀,可有效承担载荷,同时提高了竹粉/HDPE复合材料的结晶性能,降低了竹粉/HDPE复合材料在外在应力下引起的变形和破坏;但铝矾土用量过高,分布不均匀,容易形成团聚现象,导致竹粉/HDPE复合材料的力学强度和耐磨性降低,线性热膨胀系数增大。     

定向重组竹纤维素纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料的制备及其性能

研究以毛竹为原料,首先通过不同程度的脱木素处理制备成块状的定向竹纤维素纤维,然后进行酚醛树脂浸渍,最后高温热压成定向重组竹纤维素纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料(DBSP)。SEM、FTIR、XRD等检测显示随着脱木素时间的增加,木素含量逐渐降低,纤维素结晶度逐渐增加,竹材细胞壁变薄,并逐步被分离成微米级的定向竹材纤维素纤维。同时,研究指出随着脱木素处理时间的增加,DBSP的力学性能被显著提高,吸水率、尺寸稳定性均得到明显的改善。其中,脱木素处理6 h后的竹纤维素纤维制备的DBSP表现出优异的综合性能,其拉伸强度和静曲强度分别达到254.3 MPa 和176.8 MPa,24 h吸水率为5.83%,24 h吸水厚度和宽度膨胀率分别为2.28%和0.76%,因此,作为一种高性能的竹重组复合材料,可广泛应用于风力发电机叶片、汽车车身制造等领域。      

酚化酶解木质素-环氧树脂/环氧树脂复合材料的合成及性能

以酶解木质素(EHL)为原料,采用苯酚-硫酸法对其进行酚化改性,所得酚化木质素(PL)在碱性条件下,与环氧氯丙烷(ECH)合成木质素-环氧树脂(L-EP),利用FT-IR对产物进行表征。探讨单因素反应条件对酚化工艺的影响。结果表明:反应时间3.0h、反应温度95℃、2mol/L H_2SO_4用量为4mL/g时,木质素的酚化效果最佳,其酚羟基含量达到4.632mmol/g,较EHL提高42%。研究了不同L-EP添加量对L-EP/环氧E-51复合材料力学性能和热性能的影响。结果显示:L-EP的添加量为5%时,L-EP/环氧E-51复合材料的拉伸强度最好,较纯E-51提高26%;随着L-EP添加量的增加,L-EP/环氧E-51复合材料的热稳定性增强。采用非等温法分析环氧E-51和L-EP/环氧E-51复合材料的固化动力学,结果证明:L-EP对复合材料固化有一定的促进作用。     

微量碳纤维/树脂复合吸波材料的研究

分别研究了平行和正交排布碳纤维复合材料的微波吸收特性，并对碳纤维的吸波机理和吸波性能的影响因素（纤维间距、支数）作了初步探讨。结果表明：碳纤维平行排布吸波材料只在入射电场方向与纤维排布方向平行时具有吸波性能；随纤维间距的减小，其反射衰减曲线的最大吸收峰向高频方向移动；纤维支数增大，吸波性能增强。正交排布碳纤维的吸波性能与纤维的间距密切相关。本实验条件下当纤维间距为8mm时，可获得有效带宽4．7GHz、最大吸收峰值-21．6dB的反射衰减。     

石墨/炭黑/改性树脂导电复合材料的电学性能研究

以改性环氧树脂为基体、石墨\炭黑为混合导电填料制备了导电复合材料。分析了材料的导电机理,研究导电填料含量与电阻率之间的关系。结果表明:当石墨为15%、炭黑20%时制备的复合材料具有良好的导电性,电阻率为16.4Ω.cm。同时测试了复合材料的伏安特性曲线,发现其呈现非线性欧姆关系,具有正温度系数效应(PTC)。     

Biodegradable starch-based composites: effect of micro and nanoreinforcements on composite properties

Thermoplastic starch (TPS) matrix was reinforced with various kenaf bast cellulose nanofiber loadings (0–10 wt%). Thin films were prepared by casting and evaporating the mixture of aqueous suspension of nanofibers (NFs), starch, and glycerol which underwent gelatinization process at the same time. Moreover, raw fibers (RFs) reinforced TPS films were prepared with the same contents and conditions. The effects of filler type and loading on different characteristics of prepared materials were studied using transmission and scanning electron microscopies, X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and moisture absorption analysis. Obtained results showed a homogeneous dispersion of NFs within the TPS matrix and strong association between the filler and matrix. Moreover, addition of nanoreinforcements decreased the moisture sensitivity of the TPS film significantly. About 20 % decrease in moisture content at equilibrium was observed with addition of 10 wt% NFs while this value was only 5.7 % for the respective RFs reinforced film.     

‘Green’ composites Part 2: Characterization of flax yarn and glutaraldehyde/poly(vinyl alcohol) modified soy protein concentrate composites

In the present research, soy protein concentrate (SPC) was modified using glutaraldehyde (GA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The modified resin allowed to process soy protein polymer without any plasticizer. The modified resin also showed increased tensile properties, improved thermal stability and reduced moisture resistance as compared to SPC resin. Besides the tensile and thermal properties, modified SPC resin was also characterized for its dynamic mechanical properties. Unidirectional composites were fabricated using modified SPC and flax yarn. Composite specimens, approximately 1 mm thick, were prepared in both longitudinal and transverse directions. The composite specimens were characterized for their tensile and flexural properties. The fracture surface of the composite was also analyzed in both longitudinal and transverse directions. These composite specimens exhibited a fracture stress of 126 MPa and 2.24 GPa, respectively, in the longitudinal directions. The composite properties were also predicted using the rule of mixture in longitudinal direction. It was observed that the experimental values are lower than the predicted values for a variety of reasons.     

Characterization of interfacial and mechanical properties of “green” composites with soy protein isolate and ramie fiber

Environment-friendly fiber-reinforced composites were fabricated using ramie fibers and soy protein isolate (SPI) and were characterized for their interfacial and mechanical properties. Ramie fibers were characterized for their tensile properties and the parameters for the Weibull distribution were estimated. Effect of glycerol content on the tensile properties of SPI was studied. Interfacial shear strength (IFSS) was determined using the microbond technique. Based on the IFSS results and fiber strength distribution, three different fiber lengths and fiber weight contents (FWC) were chosen to fabricate short fiber-reinforced composites. The results indicate that the fracture stress increases with increase in fiber length and fiber weight content. Glycerol was found to increase the fracture strain and reduce the resin fracture stress and modulus as a result of plasticization. For 10% (w/w) of 5 mm long fibers, no significant reinforcement effect was observed. In fact the short fibers acted as flaws and led to reduction in the tensile properties. On further increasing the fiber length and FWC, a significant increase in the Young's modulus and fracture stress and decrease in fracture strain was observed as the fibers started to control the tensile properties of the composites. The experimental data were compared to the theoretical predictions made using Zweben's model. The experimental results are lower than the predicted values for a variety of reasons. However, the two values get closer with increasing fiber length and FWC.     

拟薄水铝石改性环氧树脂复合材料的制备与性能

采用水热合成法制备拟薄水铝石(AlOOH)纳米棒,以3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)为表面改性剂,制得mAlOOH,以环氧树脂(Epoxy,EP)为基体,制备AlOOH/EP和mAlOOH/EP复合材料。研究AlOOH和mAlOOH的填充量对AlOOH/EP及mAlOOH/EP复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,mAlOOH明显提高了mAlOOH/EP复合材料的力学性能。mAlOOH的填充量为4wt%时,mAlOOH/EP复合材料的冲击强度和弯曲强度分别比聚合物基体分别提高了259%和44%;填充量不超过5wt%时,mAlOOH/EP的介电常数与介电损耗均略低于纯环氧树脂。当添加量为3wt%时,mAlOOH/EP具有最低的介电常数和介电损耗及最高的玻璃化转变温度(123℃)。      

基于修正剪滞模型的竹纤维/基体界面应力理论

竹维管束鞘中竹纤维/基体界面力学问题对分析竹维管束在微观尺度下的力学行为起着重要作用。本文针对竹纤维排布方式,并结合竹纤维锥形尖端几何特征,提出了适用于对竹维管束鞘做分析的修正剪滞理论模型,推导出了纤维轴向应力及纤维/基体界面位置处剪应力计算公式,在此基础上讨论了竹纤维长径比和纤维锥形尖端对复合材料内部应力分布的影响。分析发现,竹纤维较大长径比和细长锥形尖端可以实现纤维/基体界面间应力的有效传递。     

Toughened carbon/epoxy composites made by using core/shell particles

Toughened epoxy resin composites have been prepared by resin-transfer moulding by using a range of toughening agents. Two types of epoxy-functional preformed toughening particles were investigated and have a three-layer morphology in which the inner core is crosslinked poly(methyl methacrylate), the intermediate layer is crosslinked poly(butyl acrylate) rubber and the outer layer is a poly[(methyl methacrylate)-co-(ethyl acrylate)-co-(glycidyl methacrylate)]. The presence of glycidyl groups in the outer layer facilitates chemical reaction with the matrix epoxy resin during curing. Comparisons were made with acrylic toughening particles that have a similar structure, but which do not have the epoxy functionality in the outer shell, and with a conventional carboxy-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile (CTBN) liquid rubber toughening agent. The composites were characterised by using tensile, compression and impact testing. The fracture surfaces and sections through the moulded composites were examined by means of optical and scanning electron microscopy. Short-beam shear tests and fragmentation tests were used to investigate the interfacial properties of the composites. In general, use of the epoxy-functionalised toughening particles gave rise to superior properties compared with both the non-functionalised acrylic toughening particles and CTBN.     

模板法制备MoSi2/竹炭复合材料及吸波性能

以竹材炭化的多孔竹炭(BC)为模板,金属间化合物二硅化钼(MoSi_2)为吸收剂,采用包埋硅(Si)粉固相烧结工艺制备MoSi_2/BC多孔复合吸波材料。利用XRD、SEM和矢量网络分析仪对MoSi_2/BC复合材料的物相组成、显微结构、介电和吸波性能进行表征。结果表明:在氩气(Ar)保护气氛下,1450℃烧结制备的MoSi_2/BC复合材料主要含物相MoSi_2、SiC及无定型碳。BC基体孔隙内除分布有MoSi_2外,还布满排列无序、尺寸长短不一、相互交叉呈网状的碳化硅晶须(SiC_W),SiC_W的存在可有效提高复合材料电磁波吸收性能。在8.2～12.4GHz频率范围内,与环氧树脂混合后,复合材料反射率随MoSi_2/BC含量增加而逐渐减小。MoSi_2/BC含量为50%(质量分数)时,随试样厚度增加反射率降低,且最小反射率向高频方向移动;在11.87GHz处最低反射率为-13dB,反射损耗小于-10dB带宽约达1.0GHz,具有良好的吸波性能。     

含炔基酚醛树脂改性PSA及碳纤维布/PSA-EPAN复合材料性能

合成了乙炔基苯基偶氮酚醛树脂（EPAN）,通过溶液共混的方法用其对含硅芳炔树脂（PSA）进行改性,研究了PSA-EPAN树脂的热性能,并制备了PSA-EPAN的碳布预浸料,经热模压制备碳纤维布（T300CF）增强PSA-EPAN复合材料,对其力学性能进行了研究。结果表明：EPAN均匀分布于PSA树脂中,EPAN共混改性PSA树脂的固化温度提高,混入质量分数为7%的EPAN,N₂中固化PSA-EPAN树脂在800℃残留率超过90%,其玻璃化转变温度高于500℃,PSA-EPAN共混树脂浇铸体的弯曲性能高于PSA树脂,达40.7 MPa,提高了95.5%;PSA树脂经T300CF/PSA-EPAN复合材料力学性能显著提高,弯曲强度达到了423.5 MPa,提高了74%,层间剪切强度（ILSS）提高至29.53 MPa,增加了65%。     

用于空气过滤的改性大豆蛋白-细菌纤维素复合材料的制备及性能

采用大豆蛋白和细菌纤维素(BC)为原材料,制备环保型空气过滤复合材料,用于过滤污染空气.首先,采用Nagano法对大豆蛋白进行提纯和成分分离,得到溶解度较高的7S和11S成分.然后,用丙烯酸对大豆分离蛋白(SPI)、7S和11S进行改性处理,使埋藏于大豆蛋白内部的官能团充分暴露.最后,将处理后的大豆蛋白与BC复合,制备...     

纤维含量对VARTM制备竹纤维/环氧树脂复合材料性能影响

纤维含量是影响真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型(VARTM)技术制备高性能纤维复合材料的关键因素之一,通过考察竹纤维(BF)含量对VARTM成型过程中环氧树脂(EP)浸渍BF效果及BF/EP复合材料性能的影响,为竹纤维复合材料实际应用提供理论支撑.利用湿法层铺工艺将竹纤维束制作成竹纤维毡,再利用VARTM成型工艺制备出BF含量...     

Optimization of injection flow rate to minimize micro/macro-voids formation in resin transfer molded composites

Resin transfer molding (RTM) has become one of the most widely used processes to manufacture medium size reinforced composite parts. To further enhance the process yield while ensuring the best possible quality of the produced parts, physically based optimization procedures have to be devised. The filling of the mold remains the limiting step of the whole process, and the reduction of the filling time has an important impact on the overall cost reduction. On the other hand, the injection cycle has to be appropriately carried out to ensure a proper fiber impregnation. Indeed, a partial fiber impregnation leads to the creation of micro-scopic and macro-scopic voids.In the present work, based on a double scale flow model and the capillary number Ca, an optimization algorithm is proposed to minimize the micro/macro-voids in RTM composite parts. The optimized injection flow rate ensures an optimum Ca at the flow front during part filling. The implemented algorithm allows the use of various constraints such as maximum capabilities of the injection equipment (i.e., maximum pressure or flow rate at the injection gates) or maximum velocity to avoid fiber washing. Bounded by these constraints, the optimization procedure is devised to handle any injection configuration (i.e., injection gates or vents locations) for two or three-dimensional parts. The numerical model is based on a mixed (FE/CV) formulation that uses non-conforming elements to ensure mass conservation. The proposed algorithm is tested for two and three-dimensional parts while emphasizing the important void reduction that results from the optimized injection cycle.     

还原氧化石墨烯改性碳纤维/聚苯硫醚复合材料层间性能及微观形貌

采用粉末叠层方法和热压工艺制备了还原氧化石墨烯改性碳纤维/聚苯硫醚(RGO-CF/PPS)复合材料,考察了复合材料在室温干态和湿热处理两种条件下的层间剪切性能和微观形貌及RGO对复合材料界面性能的影响。结果表明,室温干态0.1%RGO-CF/PPS的层间剪切强度(ILSS)比CF/PPS的提高了18.4%;湿热处理后RGO-CF/PPS的ILSS发生了下降,且湿热处理RGO-CF/PPS的ILSS强度保持率均低于CF/PPS;复合材料的动态热机械行为结果表明,RGO有助于改善复合材料的界面黏结性能;微观形貌分析表明RGO使复合材料中裂纹更易发生偏转从而提高室温干态复合材料的ILSS。