Sheathed冷弯型钢结构房屋:抗震设计方法

目前,各个研究小组都致力于Sheathed冷弯型钢结构抗震性能的试验和理论研究。尽管已经进行了大量的试验和理论研究,目前的抗震设计方法还需要进行改进。为了解决这一问题,本文提出了一种结构设计方法,能在线性动力分析和非线性静力抗震分析中考虑三类设计计算图表,螺钉间距和所有的剪力墙构件。此外,提出了一种方法,可用于预测Sheathed冷弯型钢结构剪力墙整体Pushover反应谱分析,有助于此种结构设计方法的进一步研究。     

Testing CFS structures: The new school BFS in Naples

The potentiality of cold-formed steel structures (CFS) in terms of lightness, rapid on-site erection and high structural performance is spreading the use of the technology in the most industrialized countries. In particular, the overall recognized capability to assure a good structural response in high seismic areas is allowing the adoption in some of the most conservative communities. On the other hand, despite the many ongoing research in different countries, the current seismic design codes are often inadequate if compared to the evolutionary process. In this context, the new British Force School (BFS) represents one of the first cold-formed steel structures realized in Italy and, therefore, it required a long and complex verification process. Indeed, the seismic performance at the global and local scale had to be verified during the construction phase. This paper focuses on the evaluation of lateral response of the sheathed cold-formed steel (SCFS) shear walls, which represent the seismic resisting system of this structural typology through the presentation and discussion of the experimental campaign carried out to support the design.     

Design of steel sheathed cold-formed steel framed shear walls

A method for the design of steel sheathed cold-formed steel framed shear walls has been developed for inclusion in the American Iron and Steel Institute's North American standards for lateral design using a comprehensive database of single-storey shear wall tests carried out in Canada and in the United States. The wall configurations differed in terms of wall aspect ratio, framing and sheathing thickness, screw fastener schedule and framing reinforcement. The Equivalent Energy Elastic–Plastic (EEEP) analysis approach was used to derive key design information from the test data, including: nominal shear resistance, a resistance factor, an over-strength factor for capacity based seismic design and ‘test-based’ seismic force modification factors for ductility and over-strength.     

An experimental investigation on the seismic behavior of cold-formed steel walls sheathed by thin steel plates

The use of cold-formed steel (CFS) frames has grown extensively in recent years, particularly in the earthquake-prone regions. However, the behavior of lateral resisting systems in CFS structures under seismic loads has not been scrutinized in detail. Towards this, an experimental investigation has been conducted on cold formed steel frames sheathed by thin galvanized steel plates, the results of which are presented here. The experiments involve 24 full-scale steel plated walls tested under cyclic loading with different configurations of studs and screws. Of particular interest were the specimens׳ maximum lateral load capacity and the load-deformation behavior as well as a rational estimation of the seismic response modification factor, R. The study also evaluates the failure modes of the systems. The main factors contributing to the ductile response of these shear walls are also discussed in order to suggest improvements so that the walls respond plastically with a significant drift and without any risk of brittle failure.     

内置轻钢桁架混凝土组合剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

将冷弯薄壁型钢桁架配置在普通钢筋混凝土剪力墙中代替钢筋而形成轻钢桁架混凝土组合剪力墙。为研究该类墙体的抗震性能,对两组共6个内置轻钢桁架混凝土组合剪力墙进行拟静力试验,研究轴压比和斜撑体积配钢率对其滞回性能、变形性能、刚度退化以及耗能能力的影响。对比了低矮剪力墙和中高剪力墙的位移延性和耗能能力。结果表明：轴压比对该类剪力墙的变形能力和耗能能力均不利,应予以控制;斜撑体积配钢率对提高低矮墙的延性、耗能能力效果明显,但对承载力的提高作用较小;对中高剪力墙,斜撑体积配钢率的增加,对其耗能能力不利。     

冷弯薄壁型钢-钢板剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

为研究冷弯薄壁型钢-钢板剪力墙结构的抗震性能,对冷弯薄壁型钢边柱内置薄钢板剪力墙进行低周往复加载试验,对比不同边柱截面厚度及截面形式对其抗震性能的影响。试验中得到了冷弯薄壁型钢-钢板剪力墙的破坏形态、荷载-位移滞回曲线、骨架曲线、荷载及位移特征值,并对结构的破坏特征、延性、耗能能力、承载力及刚度退化进行分析。结果表明:冷弯薄壁型钢-钢板剪力墙具有良好的抗震性能;增加边柱截面厚度及选用帽形边柱均可提高剪力墙的承载力、刚度及耗能性能。计算3个试件受剪承载力设计值和弹性抗侧刚度,其值均高于常用冷弯薄壁组合墙体的;结合破坏特征提出冷弯薄壁型钢-钢板剪力墙3个受力阶段;边柱对剪力墙破坏起控制因素,工程设计中应保证边柱承载能力,宜采用"强边柱、弱钢板"的设计理念。     

Steel sheathed cold-formed steel framed shear walls subjected to lateral and gravity loading

The design of steel sheathed cold-formed steel (CFS) framed shear walls is not addressed in Canadian design standards. A program of displacement based loading tests was carried out on single-storey shear walls of various configurations to investigate their performance and to establish a comprehensive database of information. The walls, which were subjected to lateral loading and combined lateral plus gravity loading, differed in sheathing thickness, screw fastener detailing, framing thickness, aspect ratio and framing reinforcement. The performance under loading was directly related to the sheathing connection pattern; however, when the framing elements were not blocked tension field forces resulted in significant damage to the chord studs. Details of the test program and general results are presented in this paper.     

高强超薄壁冷弯型钢低层住宅抗震设计方法

结合国内外已完成的冷弯薄壁型钢龙骨式复合墙体静力和动力试验研究成果,提出了冷弯薄壁型钢复合墙体的骨架曲线和恢复力模型。基于已经完成的屈服强度550 MPa高强超薄壁冷弯型钢足尺结构模型振动台试验,对结构在多遇和罕遇地震作用下的抗震分析方法进行了对比。结果表明：多遇地震作用下结构的弹性分析可采用底部剪力法、反应谱法和弹性时程分析法;罕遇地震作用下结构分析可采用静力非线性（推覆）分析和非线性时程分析法。依据GB 50011-2010《建筑抗震设计规范》的基本规定,提出了低层冷弯薄壁型钢龙骨体系结构的抗震设计实用方法建议。     

冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体受剪性能研究综述

根据对冷弯薄壁型钢结构体系传力路径的分析,承受和传递水平、竖向荷载的组合墙体的受力性能对整个结构的抗震性能至关重要。按照从局部到整体的顺序,依次对国内外开展的墙体龙骨、墙面板连接件和组合墙体的抗震性能的研究进行综述。结合对国内外具有代表性的剪力墙受剪试验结果进行的统计分析,分别给出墙面板、墙面板连接件、钢龙骨框架、墙体高宽比、墙体开洞及加载类型对墙体受剪承载力的影响。部分墙体受剪试验结果与中国规范相应的设计参考值进行对比,指出按线性内插得到的由大间距连接件连接的墙体受剪承载力规范参考值趋保守。按照中国规范给出的抗力分项系数值进行可靠度计算,计算结果表明规范的设计参考值不能很好的符合目标可靠度为3.2的要求。按文献建议调整抗力分项系数后的计算结果与目标可靠度吻合良好,但应进行更多的研究寻求合理的抗力分项系数值。最后对该类结构体系抗震性能研究领域需要深入研究的问题提出了建议。     

Detailing recommendations for 1.83 m wide cold-formed steel shear walls with steel sheathing

The paper presents an experimental investigation on 1.83 m wide, 2.44 m high cold-formed steel (CFS) stud framed shear walls using steel sheet sheathing. Four wall configurations were studied through monotonic and cyclic tests. The test results indicated that besides the sheet buckling and screw pull out, the buckling of interior studs might occur for the 1.83 m CFS walls. To prevent the failure in the studs, special detailing was developed in this research. It was discovered that the special detailing could increase both the shear strength and the ductility of the shear walls. The research also found that the codified nominal shear strengths can be conservatively used for walls with an aspect ratio of 3:2. Based on the test results, the nominal seismic shear strength for 1.83 m wide CFS shear walls was established for design purposes.     

Shear capacity of cold-formed light-gauge steel framed shear-wall panels with fiber cement board sheathing

Being light in weight, cold-formed steel shear wall panels (SWPs) made with light gauge steel are extensively used in residential and office buildings (low to mid-rise), particularly in structures under seismic loadings. Many design practices involve the use of fiber cement board (FCB) as sheathing material both for hollow and infilled walls. FCB is a preferred choice as cladding material due to many advantages it provides such as water resistance, lower cost, withstand temperature variation, resistance to humidity and termite attack, better acoustic insulation, and superior fire resistance properties. In the absence of design guidelines, based on cold-formed light gauge steel shear walls with FCB sheathing, the designers resolve to use the guideline available for gypsum wall board (GWB) and fiberboard (FB) available in American Iron and Steel Institute Lateral Design. As a pioneer study, an experimental program was designed to investigate the behavior of cold-formed light gauge steel shear walls, both hollow and infilled with expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam concrete, with FCB sheathing on both sides under monotonic loading. The tests were performed according to ASTM E564 standard. Results show that the strength of shear walls with FCB sheathing is much higher than GWB and FB sheathing, suggesting that substitute design practices are highly conservative. Test results can help designers choose desired lateral stiffness and load carrying capacity of light gauge steel SWPs more efficiently, by selecting appropriate framing, infill, and sheathing material.     

低层冷弯薄壁型钢龙骨体系抗震性能数值模拟研究现状

对低层冷弯薄壁型钢龙骨体系的抗震性能数值模拟研究现状进行了较为全面的综述,结合木龙骨结构体系抗震性能数值模拟的研究概况,着重介绍了LRCFSF体系的主要抗侧力单元——龙骨式复合墙体的几种有限元数值分析模型和对整体结构进行动力分析所采取的方法.在此基础上,对LRCFSF体系的抗震性能数值模拟研究工作尚需研究与解决的问题进...     

壁挂式冷弯型钢结构双层组合墙体抗震性能试验研究

为研究壁挂式连接冷弯型钢结构中双层组合墙体的抗震性能，对4个足尺双层墙体试件进行了水平低周往复试验，考虑了刚性斜撑、方钢管端柱加强、下部两层墙体抗侧刚度比等因素对墙体抗震性能的影响。结果表明：增设刚性斜撑墙体中V形刚性斜撑与墙面板蒙皮作用同时发挥抗侧作用，提高了墙体的受剪承载力及弹性抗侧刚度，但延性降低；采用方钢管截面端柱可避免端柱发生压屈破坏，其对墙体的抗侧刚度及受剪承载力提高幅度较小，但可以改善墙体的延性及变形性能；当底层与二层墙体抗侧刚度比大于1时，墙体属于弯曲型破坏。建议在多层冷弯薄壁型钢结构住宅抗震设计中，对底层墙体设置刚性斜撑、采用方钢管加强端柱以提高墙体受剪承载力及端柱抗压屈能力。     

壁挂式冷弯型钢结构双层组合墙体抗震性能试验研究

为研究壁挂式连接冷弯型钢结构中双层组合墙体的抗震性能,对4个足尺双层墙体试件进行了水平低周往复试验,考虑了刚性斜撑、方钢管端柱加强、下部两层墙体抗侧刚度比等因素对墙体抗震性能的影响.结果表明:增设刚性斜撑墙体中V形刚性斜撑与墙面板蒙皮作用同时发挥抗侧作用,提高了墙体的受剪承载力及弹性抗侧刚度,但延性降低;采用方钢管截面...     

Behavior of steel-sheathed shear walls subjected to seismic and fire loads

A series of tests was conducted on six 2.7 m×3.7 m shear wall specimens consisting of cold-formed steel framing sheathed on one side with sheet steel adhered to gypsum board and on the opposite side with plain gypsum board. The specimens were subjected to various sequences of simulated seismic shear deformation and fire exposure to study the influence of multi-hazard interactions on the lateral load resistance of the walls. The test program was designed to complement a parallel effort at the University of California, San Diego to investigate a six-story building subjected to earthquakes and fires. The test results reported here indicate that the fire exposure caused a shift in the failure mode of the walls from local buckling of the sheet steel in cases without fire exposure, to global buckling of the sheet steel with an accompanying 35% reduction in lateral load capacity after the wall had been exposed to fire. This behavior appears to be predictable, which is encouraging from the standpoint of residual lateral load capacity under these severe multi-hazard actions.     

开缝钢板墙及其在高层钢框架结构中应用试设计

介绍6组共12个1∶4缩尺开缝钢板墙试件往复加载试验研究。试验结果表明,由于钢板中对角拉带作用的存在,开设双层竖缝钢板墙的性能比开设单层竖缝钢板墙的性能更好。根据试验结果并结合理论分析,建议考虑板带端部附加变形影响的开缝钢板墙抗侧刚度与受剪承载力计算公式。以北京长富宫饭店钢框架结构为背景,试设计了一填充开竖缝钢板墙的框架结构,基于结构弹性层间位移角满足要求与墙板屈服时侧移角不小于1/300的原则,介绍了布设开缝钢板墙的方法与结构抗震设计过程,通过对新设计结构与原结构弹塑性时程分析结果及用钢量的比较,表明设置开缝钢板墙不仅可以提高框架结构的抗侧刚度,改善整体结构的抗震性能,而且可以节省钢材,震损后易于更换,是改善框架结构抗震性能的一种有效方法。     

真实火灾下足尺冷成型钢复合剪力墙结构耐火性能试验研究

冷成型钢复合剪力墙结构采用冷成型钢管混凝土边柱、半刚性连接节点、组合楼盖体系和外填充式夹心组合墙体等构件,具有整体连接性强、抗震性能优越等优势.其耐火性能研究是该结构在我国推广应用的研究重点之一.为此,建造了3栋平面尺寸为7.2m×7.2m、层高3m的单层冷成型钢复合剪力墙结构模型房屋,并对其进行了不同火灾工况下的足尺...     

装配式刚边框-冷弯薄壁型钢骨架组合墙体受力性能研究

冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体主要由冷弯薄壁型钢骨架和外敷面板组成,结构轻巧,绿色环保,多用于中低层建筑,一般在施工现场拼装完成.为提升墙体的施工速度和安装效率,在墙体四周增设焊接刚性边框,提出一种新型装配式刚边框-冷弯薄壁型钢骨架组合墙体,该墙体在工厂预制完成,现场采用螺栓与周围构件连接.建立有限元模型分析面板类型、斜撑、螺钉...     

Seismic response of Cfs strap-braced stud walls: Theoretical study

The use of cold-formed steel (CFS) profiles in low-rise residential buildings has increased in European construction sector. The reason of this interest is related to potentialities offered by this constructive system, which are the high structural performance, lightness, short construction time, durability and eco-efficiency. Nevertheless, the current structural codes, such as Eurocodes, do not provide enough information about the seismic design of this structural typology. In an effort to investigate the seismic response of CFS structures, a theoretical and experimental research has been carried out at University of Naples Federico II, with the main aim to support the spreading of these systems in seismic areas. This study focuses on an “all-steel design” solution in which strap-braced stud walls are the main lateral resisting system. In the present paper the outcomes of theoretical phase are shown with the aim of defining the criteria for the seismic design of such structures. In particular, a critical analysis of the requirements for CFS systems provided by the American code AISI S213 has been carried out by comparing it with those given by Eurocodes for traditional braced steel frames.     

喷涂保温材料冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体抗震性能试验研究

喷涂保温材料冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体是在冷弯薄壁型钢骨架区格内设置聚苯乙烯泡沫板,并在骨架外侧喷涂轻质保温材料制成。通过对1个冷弯薄壁型钢骨架试件和2个喷涂保温材料冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体试件的低周反复加载试验,分析了试件的受力过程和破坏形态,研究了试件的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、承载能力、抗侧刚度以及延性等力学特征,并将试验结果与已有的两侧挂板冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体的试验数据进行了对比分析。研究结果表明：冷弯薄壁型钢骨架的节点刚度较弱,承载能力较低,不宜单独作为抗侧力构件;与两侧挂板冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体相比,轻质保温材料的连续喷涂使得组合墙体更具整体性,其承载能力和抗侧刚度显著增加,并具有良好的抗震性能。