面向稳定性的基于权值的车辆自组网分簇算法——SWBCA

分簇技术是提高无线自组网性能的关键技术之一,增强分簇算法的稳定性即减少簇结构的变化可以有效降低其维护开销。针对车辆自组网的特点,提出了一种面向稳定性的基于权值的车辆自组网分簇算法——SWBCA。该算法使用车辆节点的度数与理想度数的差值以及车辆节点相对于邻居节点的移动性两个指标计算车辆节点的综合权值进而选举簇头,并使用蒙特卡洛思想对簇的维护过程进行优化来提高稳定性。通过NS 2模拟实验表明,SWBCA算法较其他算法具有较强的稳定性,并能有效改善车辆自组网的广播性能。     

一种适用于基因表达数据的特征加权FCM算法*

针对FCM算法应用于基因表达数据分析时存在的局限性,提出一种特征加权自适应FCM算法。该算法在FCM算法的基础上引入数据集预处理机制,可依据数据集的分布特征自适应地获取分类数目和初始聚类中心,并通过ReliefF算法实现特征权值的自动确定。同时,新算法考虑了不同属性对分类贡献的差异,在FCM算法中引入特征权重。将算法应用于真实基因表达数据集,实验结果表明,算法能够自适应地确定聚类数目、获得稳定性较好的聚类结果,而且具有较高的聚类精度。     

Robust的分布式k中心聚类算法的研究与实现

并行处理的研究在数据挖掘中是十分必要的。在理论分析的基础上,提出在对经典串行PAM算法进行并行时应如何从局部聚类信息生成完备的全局聚类信息,据此提出了算法DPAM,在提高计算性能的同时,使聚类质量等价于相应串行PAM算法。为提高并行算法的执行效率,还介绍了如何减小计算结点间通信的代价。最后对提出的算法进行性能分析和实验,说明该算法是高效可行的。     

A self-stabilizing enumeration algorithm

This paper describes a self-stabilizing version of an algorithm presented by A. Mazurkiewicz [Inform. Process. Lett. 61 (1997) 233-239] for enumerating nodes by local rules on an anonymous network. The result improves the reliability aspects of the original algorithm and underlines the importance of a non-ambiguous topology for a network.     

基于混合距离学习的鲁棒的模糊C均值聚类算法

距离度量对模糊聚类算法FCM的聚类结果有关键性的影响。实际应用中存在这样一种场景,聚类的数据集中存在着一定量的带标签的成对约束集合的辅助信息。为了充分利用这些辅助信息,首先提出了一种基于混合距离学习方法,它能利用这样的辅助信息来学习出数据集合的距离度量公式。然后,提出了一种基于混合距离学习的鲁棒的模糊C均值聚类算法（HR-FCM算法）,它是一种半监督的聚类算法。算法HR-FCM既保留了GIFP-FCM（Generalized FCM algorithm with improved fuzzy partitions）算法的鲁棒性等性能,也因为所采用更为合适的距离度量而具有更好的聚类性能。实验结果证明了所提算法的有效性。     

基于自适应邻域的鲁棒多视图聚类算法

针对现存的基于自适应邻域的多视图聚类算法没有考虑噪声和共识图信息损失的问题,提出一种基于自适应邻域的鲁棒多视图聚类(RMVGC)算法.首先,为了避免噪声和异常值对数据的影响,通过鲁棒主成分分析模型(RPCA)从原始数据中学习多个干净的低秩数据;其次,用自适应邻域学习直接融合多个干净的低秩数据来得到一个干净的共识关系图,...     

鲁棒的交叉熵模糊聚类算法

针对模糊C-均值聚类(FCM)算法对噪声敏感、容易收敛到局部极小值的问题,提出一种基于交叉熵的模糊聚类算法。通过引入交叉熵重新定义了传统FCM算法的目标函数,利用交叉熵度量样本隶属度之间的差异性,并采用拉格朗日求解方法和朗伯W函数解决了目标函数的优化问题,此外,分析了样本划分矩阵的分布情况,依据分布特性对噪声样本进行识别。人工数据集合和标准数据集加噪的实验结果表明,该算法提高了传统FCM算法的抗干扰能力,具有更强的鲁棒性,噪声样本识别的准确率较高。     

鲁棒自适应对称非负矩阵分解聚类算法

对称非负矩阵分解SNMF作为一种基于图的聚类算法,能够更自然地捕获图表示中嵌入的聚类结构,并且在线性和非线性流形上获得更好的聚类结果,但对变量的初始化比较敏感。另外,标准的SNMF算法利用误差平方和来衡量分解的质量,对噪声和异常值敏感。为了解决这些问题,在集成学习视角下,提出一种鲁棒自适应对称非负矩阵分解聚类算法RS³NMF(robust self-adaptived symmetric nonnegative matrix factorization)。基于L_2,1范数的RS³NMF模型缓解了噪声和异常值的影响,保持了特征旋转不变性,提高了模型的鲁棒性。同时,在不借助任何附加信息的前提下,利用SNMF对初始化特征的敏感性来逐步增强聚类性能。采用交替迭代方法优化,并保证目标函数值的收敛性。大量实验结果表明,所提RS³NMF算法优于其他先进的算法,具有较强的鲁棒性。     

A new self-stabilizing maximal matching algorithm

The maximal matching problem has received considerable attention in the self-stabilizing community. Previous work has given several self-stabilizing algorithms that solve the problem for both the adversarial and the fair distributed daemon, the sequential adversarial daemon, as well as the synchronous daemon. In the following we present a single self-stabilizing algorithm for this problem that unites all of these algorithms in that it has the same time complexity as the previous best algorithms for the sequential adversarial, the distributed fair, and the synchronous daemon. In addition, the algorithm improves the previous best time complexities for the distributed adversarial daemon from O(n²)$O\left(n^2\right)$ and O(δm)$O\left(\delta m\right)$ to O(m)$O\left(m\right)$ where n$n$ is the number of processes, m$m$ is the number of edges, and δ$\delta$ is the maximum degree in the graph.     

Robust validity index for a modified subtractive clustering algorithm

A novel robust validity index is proposed for subtractive clustering (SC) algorithm. Although the SC algorithm is a simple and fast data clustering method with robust properties against outliers and noise; it has two limitations. First, the cluster number generated by the SC algorithm is influenced by a given threshold. Second, the cluster centers obtained by SC are based on data that have the highest potential values but may not be the actual cluster centers. The validity index is a function as a measure of the fitness of a partition for a given data set. To solve the first problem, this study proposes a novel robust validity index that evaluates the fitness of a partition generated by SC algorithm in terms of three properties: compactness, separation and partition index. To solve the second problem, a modified algorithm based on distance relations between data and cluster centers is designed to ascertain the actual centers generated by the SC algorithm. Experiments confirm that the preferences of the proposed index outperform all others.     

A self-stabilizing algorithm for strong fairness

Self-stabilization is a novel technique to deal with faults in distributed systems. This paper presents a distributed self-stabilizing algorithm for implementing strong fairness in an arbitrary network. A desirable feature of this algorithm is that it can be used to enforce the strong fairness property on any distributed algorithm including self-stabilizing algorithms. In addition, the algorithm does not require any initialization and can withstand transient failures. At the end of the paper such issues as improving the time complexity of the proposed algorithm and the limitations on the efficiency of any implementation of strong fairness are discussed.     

A self-stabilizing algorithm for bridge finding

Summary. A self-stabilizing algorithm is presented in this paper that finds the bridges of a connected undirected graph on a distributed or network model of computation after moves. The algorithm is resilient to transient faults and does not require initialization. In addition, a correctness proof of the algorithm is provided. The paper concludes with remarks on the time complexity of the algorithm. Received: July 1997 / Accepted: January 1999     

鲁棒的特征权重自调节软子空间聚类算法

针对已有的特征权重自调节软子空间(SC-FWSA)聚类算法存在对噪声敏感的问题,基于一种非欧氏距离,提出一种鲁棒的特征权重自调节软子空间(RSC-FWSA)聚类算法。RSC-FWSA在迭代过程中自适应地为数据生成一个权函数,通过计算每一类数据的加权平均来计算聚类中心,这种"加权平均"使得聚类中心的估计对噪声相对不敏感,从而可以提升算法对带噪声数据和复杂结构数据的聚类精度。人工数据和真实数据上的对比性实验,验证了RSC-FWSA算法的有效性。特别是人工带噪声数据和3个真实数据:Wine, Zoo以及Breastcancer上的实验结果表明,RSC-FWSA可以显著提升原对应算法的聚类精度。RSC-FWSA具有的强鲁棒性使得该算法适用于高维带噪声和复杂结构数据的聚类问题。     

Robust maximum entropy clustering algorithm with its labeling for outliers

In this paper, a novel robust maximum entropy clustering algorithm RMEC, as the improved version of the maximum entropy algorithm MEC [2–4], is presented to overcome MEC's drawbacks: very sensitive to outliers and uneasy to label them. Algorithm RMEC incorporates Vapnik's ɛ – insensitive loss function and the new concept of weight factors into its objective function and consequently, its new update rules are derived according to the Lagrangian optimization theory. Compared with algorithm MEC, the main contributions of algorithm RMEC exit in its much better robustness to outliers and the fact that it can effectively label outliers in the dataset using the obtained weight factors. Our experimental results demonstrate its superior performance in enhancing the robustness and labeling outliers in the dataset.     

A self-stabilizing algorithm for coloring planar graphs

Summary This paper describes an algorithm for coloring the nodes of a planar graph with no more than six colors using a self-stabilizing approach. The first part illustrates the coloring algorithm on a directed acyclic version of the given planar graph. The second part describes a selfstabilizing algorithm for generating the directed acyclic version of the planar graph, and combines the two algorithms into one. Sukumar Ghosh received his Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from Calcutta University in 1971. From 1969 to 1984, he taught at Jadavpur University, Calcutta. During 1976–77, he was a Fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation at the University of Dortmund, Germany. Since 1984, he is with the Department of Computer Science of the University of Iowa. His current research interests are in the areas of Distributed Systems, Petri Nets and Self-Stabilizating Systems. Mehmet Hakan Karaata received the Sc. B. degree in Computer Science and Engineering from Hacettepe University in Turkey in 1987, and the M.S. degree in Computer Science from the University of Iowa in 1990. He is currently studying towards his Ph.D. at the same university. His research interests are in the areas of Distributed Systems, Self-Stabilizing Systems and Database Systems.This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant CCR-9109078, and the Old Gold Summer Fellowship of the University of Iowa. An abstract of this paper was presented at the 29th Allerton Conference on Control, Communication & Computing in October 1991.     

改进重构权值的局部线性嵌入算法

目的 局部线性嵌入（LLE）算法是机器学习、数据挖掘等领域中的一种经典的流形学习算法。为克服LLE算法难以有效处理噪声、大曲率和稀疏采样数据等问题,提出一种改进重构权值的局部线性嵌入算法（IRWLLE）。方法 采用测地线距离来描述结构,重新构造和定义LLE中的重构权值,即在某样本的邻域内,将测地距离与欧氏距离之比定义为结构权值;将测地距离与中值测地距离之比定义为距离权值,再将结构权值与距离权值的乘积作为重构权值,从而将流形的结构和距离两种信息进行有机的结合。结果 对经典的人工数据Swiss roll、S-curve和Helix进行实验,在数据中加入噪声干扰,同时采用稀疏采样的方式来生成数据集,并与原始LLE算法和Hessian局部线性嵌入（HLLE）算法进行比较。实验结果表明,IRWLLE算法对比于LLE算法和HLLE算法,能够更好地保持流形的近邻关系,对流形的展开更加完好。尤其是对于加入噪声的大曲率数据集Helix,IRWLLE展现出极强的鲁棒性。对ORL和Yale人脸数据库进行人脸识别实验,采用最近邻分类器进行识别,将IRWLLE算法的识别结果与LLE算法进行对比。对于ORL数据集,IRWLLE算法识别率为90%,原LLE算法的识别率为85.5%;对于Yale数据集,IRWLLE算法识别率为88%,原LLE算法的识别率为75%,可见IRWLLE在人脸识别率上也有很大提高。结论 本文提出的IRWLLE算法对比于原LLE算法,不仅将流形距离信息引入到重构权值中,而且还将结构信息加入其中,有效减少了噪声和流形外数据点的干扰,所以对于噪声数据具有更强的鲁棒性,能够更好地处理稀疏采样数据和大曲率数据,在人脸识别率上也有较大提升。     

Robust projected clustering

Projected clustering partitions a data set into several disjoint clusters, plus outliers, so that each cluster exists in a subspace. Subspace clustering enumerates clusters of objects in all subspaces of a data set, and it tends to produce many overlapping clusters. Such algorithms have been extensively studied for numerical data, but only a few have been proposed for categorical data. Typical drawbacks of existing projected and subspace clustering algorithms for numerical or categorical data are that they rely on parameters whose appropriate values are difficult to set appropriately or that they are unable to identify projected clusters with few relevant attributes. We present P3C, a robust algorithm for projected clustering that can effectively discover projected clusters in the data while minimizing the number of required parameters. P3C does not need the number of projected clusters as input, and can discover, under very general conditions, the true number of projected clusters. P3C is effective in detecting very low-dimensional projected clusters embedded in high dimensional spaces. P3C positions itself between projected and subspace clustering in that it can compute both disjoint or overlapping clusters. P3C is the first projected clustering algorithm for both numerical and categorical data.     

A self-stabilizing algorithm for the maximum flow problem

Summary.  The maximum flow problem is a fundamental problem in graph theory and combinatorial optimization with a variety of important applications. Known distributed algorithms for this problem do not tolerate faults or adjust to dynamic changes in network topology. This paper presents a distributed self-stabilizing algorithm for the maximum flow problem. Starting from an arbitrary state, the algorithm computes the maximum flow in an acyclic network in finitely many steps. Since the algorithm is self-stabilizing, it is inherently tolerant to transient faults. It can automatically adjust to topology changes and to changes in other parameters of the problem. The paper presents results obtained by extensively experimenting with the algorithm. Two main observations based on these results are (1) the algorithm requires fewer than n ² moves for almost all test cases and (2) the algorithm consistently performs at least as well as a distributed implementation of the well-known Goldberg-Tarjan algorithm for almost all test cases. The paper ends with the conjecture that the algorithm correctly computes a maximum flow even in networks that contain cycles. Received: October 1995 / Accepted: February 1997