Comparison of standard and abbreviated MMPIs in patients with head injury.

Examined the potential utility of several short-form versions of the standard Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) for patients with head injury. These included the Mini-Mult, Midi-Mult, Maxi-Mult, and the abbreviated MMPI by T. R. Faschingbauer (see record 1975-03125-001), the abbreviated MMPI by J. A. Hugo (1971), and the MMPI-168. The sample studied consisted of 95 males (mean age 27.2 yrs) and 30 females (mean age 27.5 yrs). A standard MMPI was administered at approximately 6.5 mo postinjury in both groups. Significant multivariate profile differences (based on T-scores) were found between the standard MMPI and each individual short-form. Scales on the short-forms showed generally good correlations between themselves and the standard MMPI scales, and T-score means were quite similar in most cases. However, further analysis of individual cases demonstrated relatively poorer correspondence between the standard MMPI and the short-form versions with regard to profile validity, high-point, and 2-point code type. None of the MMPI short-forms examined appeared to be a suitable alternative to the standard MMPI in patients with head injury. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

MMPI profile characteristics of psychiatric patients in an urban Canadian setting.

Studied the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles of 363 inpatient and outpatient urban Canadian psychiatric patients (mean age = 31.5 yrs). The profiles as a group did not differ markedly from 2 recent American samples in their single most elevated clinical scales, in the most commonly occurring 2-point code types, or in classifiability according to the profile typology of P. A. Marks and W. Seeman (1963). With no rule violations, the Marks and Seeman typology classified only 20% of the sample; allowing 1 rule violation per profile increased the classification rate to only 41%. Further research into the applicability of American MMPI clinical lore to English-speaking Canadian populations is encouraged. (15 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory T score conversion tables, 1957–1983.

Presents tables to facilitate the transformation of standard Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) linear T score profiles to new MMPI normalized T score profiles (based on contemporary norms, as found by R. C. Collingan et al, 1983), and vice versa. These tables show that (1) the 1983 profiles are consistently less elevated than the corresponding 1957 profile presented by S. R. Hathaway and P. F. Briggs (see record 1959-01273-001) (if the latter are at or above T?=?50); (2) the more deviant a standard 1957 profile, the more this profile differs from its corresponding 1983 profile; and (3) the difference in elevation of 1983 and 1957 T scores for any fixed 1957 T score value varies across MMPI scales. Differences in elevations of 1957 and 1983 profiles of 20 or more T score points are possible when these profiles are generated from the same MMPI raw scores. Implications concerning false positive rates, false negative rates, and profile configurations are presented. (7 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Short-term stability of MMPI profiles.

Although current use of the MMPI places strong emphasis on the pattern or profile of scores, there is no available evidence as to the short-term stability of the MMPI profile. Therefore, 42 hospital volunteer workers and 40 hospitalized psychiatric patients were retested with the MMPI with mean test-retest intervals of 1.0 and 2.2 days, respectively. Profile stability was measured by computing product-moment correlations for each S's 2 sets of scale scores and by analyzing the rank-order stability of the 3 highest scores. The profile correlations were high, with median correlations of .87 for the patients and .82 for the volunteers. However, there was appreciable instability in the rankings of the 3 highest scores. The implications of the findings for clinical and research use of the MMPI are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Utility of the Mini-Mult with delinquents.

Investigated the accuracy with which the Mini-Mult, a 71-item short form of the MMPI, could predict features of the standard MMPI in a nonpsychiatric population of 100 male and 25 female delinquents. The Mini-Mult and MMPI were administered in that order to all Ss with a 24-48 hr. intertest interval. Group results for both sexes show good correspondence between Mini-Mult and MMPI scores, while individual profile pairs suggest that for these Ss the Mini-Mult allows few conclusions about the validity, high points, or general elevation of an MMPI profile obtained soon after. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Edwards SD scale: A short form of the MMPI?

Edwards has described a rationale for predicting MMPI scores based upon social desirability response bias. The clinical utility of this technique was examined by comparing the predicted average MMPI profile with the average profile actually obtained by college males. The estimated and actual profiles were markedly discrepant, indicating that Edwards' SD scale is not a useful substitute for the MMPI. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An initial look at the redundancy of specialized MMPI scales.

Numerous specialized MMPI scales have been developed despite speculation that the information provided by such scales replicates information that can be obtained from the 13 MMPI scales of the standard profile. In the present study with 112 male and 85 female psychiatric patients and 170 male police and fire department job applicants, scores of 3 specialized MMPI scales (the Prejudice scale, the Barron Ego-Strength scale, and the MacAndrew Alcoholism scale) were found to be highly related to the scores of the standard MMPI scales. However, individual scores of the 3 specialized scales could not be accurately predicted from the standard scales. Furthermore, alcoholic and nonalcoholic psychiatric patients were more accurately identified by the 13 standard scales than by the MacAndrew Alcoholism scale. It is concluded that the 3 scales studied appear to provide information not available from the standard MMPI scales. (6 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An antisocial behavior pattern associated with a specific MMPI profile.

Describes a narrowly defined MMPI profile and the behavior pattern associated with it in a state hospital, a state prison, and a university medical center. The MMPI 4-3 profile pattern, with the psychopathic deviate and hysteria scales elevated in a particular configuration, entailed a behavior pattern that includes hostile-aggressive acting out. The hostile-aggressive behavior pattern characterized most of the 60 male Ss with this MMPI profile in each of 3 settings studied. The frequency of this profile pattern and the social and psychological importance of the behavior pattern associated with it suggest that clinical investigators can profitably study this group of Ss. The method used to establish the relationship between this particular MMPI profile and the hostile-aggressive behavior pattern is recommended for more general use. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Equivalence of the MMPI-2 with the MMPI in psychiatric patients.

Psychiatric patients were administered the MMPI, its revision (MMPI-2), or both, in a counterbalanced repeated-measures design. MMPI-2 T scores were found to be significantly lower than MMPI T scores on several of the clinical scales. S rank order on T scores and dispersion of the basic clinical scales did not differ between the tests, and measures of profile similarity indicated congruence between the 2 instruments. Among Ss who completed both the MMPI and the MMPI-2, code-type concordance was not significantly lower than stability rates of the tests. Results support the assignment of 65T as the lower boundary of clinical elevation on the MMPI-2 and the psychometric equivalence of the MMPI-2 and the MMPI with respect to mean T scores, score rankings, and measures of score distribution. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of rule relaxation and system combination on classification rates in two MMPI "cookbook" systems.

Studied the effects of system combination and rule relaxation on classification rates in the Marks and Seeman and Gilberstadt and Duker systems of MMPI profile analysis in a sample of 541 inpatients. The initial separate system classification rate of approximately 27% was increased 1st to 49% by joint application of both systems of analysis, and then to 74% by relaxation of 1 rule per profile type. Classification rates for each of the 35 profile types were also reported. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Application of Faschingbauer's abbreviated MMPI to psychiatric inpatients.

Assessed the degree of interchangeability of an extracted 166-item MMPI developed by T. R. Faschingbauer in 1972 and the standard MMPI, with a sample of 228 psychiatric inpatients. Findings reveal that Faschingbauer's abbreviated MMPI scale and the standard MMPI were markedly similar and highly correlated, indicating that the abbreviated MMPI is a fairly accurate substitute for the MMPI in predicting clinical types. Classification analysis concerning validity showed concurrence between the abbreviated MMPI and the standard-form MMPI in 217 of the Ss. (29 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A model of psychopathology based on an integration of MMPI actuarial systems.

Relationships among MMPI code types from the systems of H. Gilberstadt and J. Duker (1965) and of P. A. Marks et al (1974) were evaluated using an empirical clustering procedure. Three superordinate types were identified—neurotic (Hs, D, Hy), psychotic (Sc, Pt), and sociopathic (Pd, Ma)—which form a theoretical model of psychopathology. Patients can be readily classified according to this typology and a graphic display of the results constructed. The importance of differentiating profile elevation, scatter, and shape is discussed when matching a given MMPI profile to the various code types. Data from the MMPI do not support the practice of highly differentiated classification within the 3 superordinate types. (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Heritability of MMPI personality indicators of psychopathology in twins reared apart.

This report presents Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) findings from the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart. Data from 65 unique pairs of monozygotic twins reared apart (MZA) and 54 unique pairs of dizygotic twins reared apart (DZA) were analyzed. As in other results from this sample, MZA twins evidenced substantial similarity, highlighting the influence of shared genes. Biometric modeling yielded estimates of heritability for the MMPI's standard validity and clinical scales and for the Wiggins content scales ranging from .26 to .62 (M?=?.44), echoing previous findings from the twin and adoption literature on personality. The pattern of MZA and DZA correlations suggested nonadditive genetic effects for 3 MMPI scales. Multivariate profile analyses also suggested genetic influence on both profile elevation and shape. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Residual psychopathology in released psychiatric patients and its relation to readmission.

The degree and type of mental pathology reflected in MMPI scores was surveyed in 147 hospitalized psychiatric patients upon admission and release. Both statistical and clinical assessments of the profiles were made with analyses related to changes during hospitalization and to comparison with normal groups. Results vary depending on method of assessment. A substantial group of profile-pairs are judged as showing improvement at release (75%), while the remainder (25%) show more illness. Statistical analysis shows significant group improvement but exit profiles do not resemble those of normals. Psychotic profile types do not change to resemble neurotic ones with hospital treatment. MMPI change scores seem to anticipate rehospitalization better than evaluation of the patients' exit profile alone. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

MMPI omitted items: A method for quickly determining individual scale impact.

Presents a quick method for determining individual MMPI scale impact to avoid distorted MMPI profiles resulting from omitted items. A tabular formation easily provides omitted-item scale membership to evaluate potential profile distortion. The table permits scale-specific statements in clinical reports, rather than general notes about overall profile lowering, and can enhance the interpretation of omissions. (5 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Clinical limitations of three Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory short forms.

Compared 3 MMPI short forms, the Mini-Mult, T. Faschingbauer's 166, and the MMPI-168, which were constructed by different methodologies, using 1,028 male psychiatric patients as Ss. Although the short- to standard-form correlations for all 3 short forms were generally high (ranging from .74 to .96 for the MMPI scales), the success in accurately predicting the code type was quite low. The hit rates in predicting to the 58 code types used in the study were 36.7% for the Mini-Mult, 40.4% for the MMPI-168, and 49.4% for Faschingbauer's 166 form. An analysis of false positive and false negative test misses showed further weaknesses in MMPI short forms. Results question the use of MMPI short forms for clinical interpretation based on usual profile interpretation procedures (code-type analysis). (25 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of the clinical utility of the MMPI basic scales and specific MMPI state-trait scales: A test of Dahlstrom's hypothesis.

Tested W. G. Dahlstrom's (1972) hypothesis that the clinical utility of the MMPI could be improved through the use of dimensionally pure personality trait and psychopathological state scales to supplant the present dimensionally complex clinical and validity scales. 508 male psychiatric patients (mean age, 37.7 yrs) were diagnostically categorized using a structured classification algorithm; discriminant functions were then computed first for a relatively untainted set of symptom, characterological, and validity scales, then for the basic MMPI clinical and validity scales as independent variates. Results fail to confirm Dahlstrom's hypothesis. The MMPI clinical scales distinguished diagnostic categories better than did the state and trait scales. Possible reasons for lack of confirmation of Dahlstrom's hypothesis are discussed, and alternative modes of analysis are suggested. (34 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

MMPIs of parents in dysfunctional families.

Examined whether psychiatrically disturbed adults have higher mean MMPI profile elevations than parents of disturbed children. It was found that parents attending an adult psychiatric outpatient clinic had higher elevations on the clinical scales than child guidance clinic parents. The 2 groups were similar in MMPI code types. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)