吸附型生物絮凝剂ZL5-2的制备及在水处理上的应用

研究了吸附型生物絮凝剂ZL5-2对印染污水、炼油污水、生物工程发酵液的絮凝作用．并同聚合铝絮凝剂对污水和发酵液的絮凝作用进行了比较。经ZL5-2絮凝作用。炼油污水絮凝率为74．7％,COD去除率为32．4％,BOD去除率为55．4％;印染污水絮凝率为65．8％,COD去除率为49．5％,BOD去除率为62．3％;青霉发酵液和灰色链霉菌发酵液絮凝率最高可分别达到68．4％和69．0％。     

甘油发酵液的絮凝除菌研究

利用高分子絮凝剂絮凝去除甘油发酵液中的菌体，考察了pH值，絮凝剂用量，絮凝温度对絮凝效果的影响，结果表明：适宜的絮凝条件为pH=5-10，温度30－40℃，ρ（絮凝剂）＝0．7－0．8g/L，此时菌体絮凝剂（FR）可达90％以上。经絮凝处理后，滤速为未加絮凝剂的2．5－4．5倍；滤液中菌体去除率达100％，固形物的回收量为未知絮凝剂的2．1倍，滤饼的含湿量由71％增加到78％。     

蝉花絮凝剂的固定化培养及其对洗煤废水絮凝率影响研究

微生物絮凝剂安全高效,但具有不稳定的特点,固定化技术可以增大絮凝剂比表面积、提高絮凝剂的产量及稳定性。以洗煤废水为研究对象,采用固定化培养蝉花絮凝剂和载体-蝉花复合絮凝剂2种技术手段,探究固定化技术在提高微生物絮凝剂对洗煤废水絮凝率方面的应用。结果表明：固定化微生物技术培养出的絮凝剂中,絮凝效果最好的是秸秆培养蝉花絮凝剂,其絮凝率达63.51%±0.27%;载体-蝉花复合絮凝剂技术制备的秸秆-蝉花复合絮凝剂的絮凝效果最好,其絮凝率达77.27%±0.03%。秸秆培养蝉花絮凝剂和秸秆-蝉花复合絮凝剂对洗煤废水的絮凝率对比结果显示,秸秆-蝉花复合絮凝剂的絮凝效果更好;与洗煤废水对照组相比,不同絮凝剂材料对洗煤废水的pH值影响均较小;相同时间内,2种絮凝剂均对洗煤废水中COD有一定的去除效果,对氨氮的处理效果不明显。     

Al2（SO4）3—CPAM复合絮凝剂在造纸脱墨废水中的应用

实验制备了无机／有机高分子复合型絮凝剂，考察了这类絮凝剂的组成、用量以及造纸脱墨废水pH值对其絮凝效果的影响。发现复合絮凝剂比单一的无机或有机高分子絮凝剂具有更佳的絮凝效果，并对复合絮凝剂的絮凝机理进行了初步研究。在最佳的复合絮凝剂的组成和废水的pH值的条件下，处理后的脱墨废水的悬浮物含量、COD和浊度可分别降低80％、75％和95％以上。     

生物絮凝剂对水中染料絮凝效果探讨

本文报导了ＮＡＴ型生物絮凝剂对水溶液中几种典型染料的絮凝效果及影响脱色的因素。水中的阳离子，如钙离子显著促进染料的絮凝，在１００ｍＬ试验染料溶液中，适宜的ＣａＣｌ２量是０．７－７．０ｍＬ（１０％ＣａＣｌ２溶液）。另外，菌液量和染料种类也对絮凝能力有影响。在菌液量对染料去除率（脱色率）曲线上脱色率趋于稳定处对应的菌液絮凝的染料为０．７－２２．５ｍｇ／ｍＬ。用本实验室开发的ＮＡＴ型生物絮凝剂絮凝直接黑染料生产废水其脱色率可达到６０％。     

有机高分子絮凝剂在污泥脱水中的应用研究

选择不同种类的污泥，采用28种有机高分子絮凝剂进行絮凝脱水实验。脱水率与污泥种类、絮凝剂种类、投加量、浓度、环境温度有关。当絮凝剂浓度为0．2％、温度为25～30℃时，对于机车厂的机械加工污泥，最适宜絮凝剂为离子度55％-60％、分子量1500万的阳离子型有机高分子絮凝剂，最佳投加量为100g／m^3,脱水率为74％；对于城市污水处理厂的生活污泥，最适宜絮凝剂为离子度60％～100％、分子量300～600万的阳离子型有机高分子絮凝剂，最佳投加量为100g／m^3，脱水率为79％。     

1，3-丙二醇发酵液的絮凝除菌研究

研究了用絮凝法处理1,3-丙二醇发酵液,选用10种絮凝剂,以FR值为指标,考察了各种絮凝剂的絮凝效果,对初选出的5种絮凝剂进行复合絮凝,选出了适合于1,3-丙二醇发酵液体系的复合絮凝剂。通过单纯型寻优法确定了最佳絮凝工艺条件,絮凝率达98%以上,且絮凝后上清液清澈、透明,过滤效果良好。     

Ca_(2+)及PO_4~(3-)共存时对微生物絮凝剂絮凝的影响

考察了高岭土悬浊液在不加入微生物絮凝剂,只加入含Ca2+的各种化合物的溶液及含PO43-的各种盐溶液的絮凝沉淀实验,以探讨在微生物絮凝剂研究中Ca2+作为助凝剂,PO43-为发酵培养液的情况下,Ca2+、PO43-共存时对微生物絮凝剂絮凝的影响.在中性或碱性条件下,Ca2+及PO43-的共存反应对高岭土悬浊液产生的絮凝率均超过88%,且絮凝率随pH的升高而增大.废水絮凝实验表明,Ca2+及PO43-的共存反应对泥浆废水、碳素墨水、生活废水的絮凝率均超过77%,但对富氧化塘废水、造纸废水的絮凝率则均<54%,且絮体物性较差.可见在特定条件下,微生物絮凝剂对某些废水的絮凝可能是以絮凝剂中无机离子的絮凝作用为主.最后对两种离子共存的絮凝反应原理做了一个推论,得出Ca2+PO43-共存形成的多核聚合物是使高岭土悬浊液絮凝沉淀的化学成因.     

垃圾渗滤液模拟废水中低分子量脂肪酸

本文提出了利用垃圾渗滤液模拟废水中低分子量的脂肪酸生物合成一种新型微生物絮凝剂的创新技术。从垃圾渗滤液中筛选到一株絮凝剂产生菌（Klebsilla sp．），该菌株能利用渗滤液模拟废水中低分子量脂肪酸合成一种以脱乙酰葡萄糖胺为主要结构单元的新型高效微生物絮凝剂SLY08。研究表明，该生物絮凝剂不仅具有较强的絮凝净化效果，而且具有独特的脱色性能，尤其对难生物处理的垃圾渗滤液的脱色率可高达61．8％。对其结构和组成研究表明该生物絮凝剂为类似于壳聚糖的生物高分子。     

天然改性阳离子絮凝剂的制备与应用

以玉米淀粉和2，3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵(简称GTA)为原料，水—乙醇混合溶剂作分散剂，采用于法合成工艺，制备了高效天然改性阳离子絮凝剂。实验表明：该阳离子絮凝剂用于印染废水处理具有很好的絮凝效果，脱色率达96．4％。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。