道路路面预防性养护

主要分析了道路路面预防性养护的概念、作用以及选择时机,重点介绍了道路路面预防性养护措施。预防性养护不仅能够降低交通延误时间、延长道路路面使用寿命,而且还可以提高道路交通效率。通过对道路路面预防性养护进行分析和研究,以期为道路路面预防性养护工作的开展提供保障,并实现经济与社会效益的最大化。     

信号配时对交叉口方案改善研究

交叉口通行能力在一定程度上影响着道路最大容量,在日益增长的交通需求下,为了满足未来规划通行的要求,减少进口道排队的延误增大通行能力,减少交通安全隐患对于城市交通体系的发展尤为重要,简单的通过对交叉口信号配时的调整能够在一定程度上提高交叉口的通行能力。本文以具体的交叉口为例进行信号配时的优化,并通过仿真对优化结果进行对比。     

高职道路养护与管理专业课程体系优化讨论

通过公路养护行业岗位任务及人才需求信息市场调研,进行典型工作任务筛选和分析、转换,以甘肃交通职业技术学院道路养护与管理专业2016年人才培养模式为平台,对高职高专道路养护与管理专业的课程体系提出了优化建议。     

谈城市道路建设的交通组织结构的方法

提出了一个用于优化城市公路建设时间表的双层规划法,该方法在假定传输网络的基础上,达到最大限度地减少整体交通延误的目标。启发式算法用于确定道路建设的进度,而运用ARAMICS软件则是估算每个道路的建设时间。为了测试启发式算法在网络上的性能,进行了一个模拟试验。结果表明,论文提出的方法可以找到快速收敛的最佳解决方案。     

城市相交交通干线协调控制的研究

本文旨在研究城市交通干线相交情况下,对两条相交干线同时进行协调控制的方法。通过对两条相交干线交通流运行特性进行分析,提出了相交干线联动协调控制方法,该方法以干线排队延误最小和停车率最小为指标建立相位差优化模型。以北京市某相交主干线为例,运用文中提出的协调控制方法,对相交的两条交通干线同时进行协调控制优化,设计应用于实例的协调控制方案。通过运用Synchro仿真软件,对方案实施前后的交通运行情况进行对比分析,数据表明,与现状配时方案相比,采用联动协调控制方案后,两条干线的平均延误比现状减少了10.21%,平均停车次数比现状减少了8.40%。仿真结果表明联动协调控制方法适用于两条相交干线都需要实施协调控制的情况,能够有效地协调相交干线上的交叉口配时,降低车辆在交叉口的延误,提高通行效率。     

基于主动安全的道路交通规划探讨

目前,在城市发展的过程中,依然存在着交通规划不协调的问题。道路交通规划是现代城市规划中必不可少的组成,在实际城市规划中与道路交通规划的联系与互动也越来越频繁。基于此,论文为解决当前道路交通规划中现存的问题,从主动交通安全的角度,对城市道路交通规划的现存问题进行了分析,并阐述了城市布局、交通方式及道路网络等对交通主动安全的影响,最后探究了优化交通主动安全的措施,以期为城市道路交通规划提供思路及指导。     

高速公路养护中超薄磨耗层技术的应用

为了保障高速公路的运输能力与使用寿命,相关部门应积极做好公路的养护工作。经过实践,研究人员认为,在养护工作中,通过超薄磨耗层技术的应用,可以实现交通负荷大、路面要求高的道路的有效养护。论文针对超薄磨耗层技术在高速公路养护工作中的应用情况进行了分析,旨在为后续研究奠定理论基础。     

道路平面交叉口次路远引几何参数设置及通行效率研究

次要车流的左转和直行对交叉口车辆运行影响较大,特别是主路交通流量较大时尤为明显,通过次要道路车流远引的方式可以减少交叉口车辆冲突,有利于提高交叉口运行效率。分析了平面交叉口次路远引适用条件与车流组织方法,以延误最小为目标,构建了远引回转车流掉头位置、远引车辆掉头排队车道长度、远引掉头处开口长度与宽度等关键几何参数计算模型,提出了次路远引交叉口延误和通行能力等计算方法。结合实例验证了上述方法的可行性,仿真显示,在一定条件下平面交叉口次路远引可有效减少信号相位数和车辆平均延误,表明了平面交叉口次路远引的交通组织方法对优化城市道路交叉口设计有较好的应用价值。     

公路工程道路桥梁设施养护存在的问题及对策

现如今城市化建设进程不断加快,公路工程道路桥梁的建设为交通事业的发展提供了支持。道路桥梁设施养护的落实,能够促进道路桥梁使用期间服务的优质化。本文就公路工程道路桥梁设施养护的必要性进行阐述,分析公路工程道路桥梁设施养护中存在的问题,进一步提出公路工程道路桥梁设施养护的有效措施,旨在优化道路桥梁设施的使用性能,提升交通运输的安全系数。     

浅析工程建设项目工期管理方法

本文从工程建设项目工期管理原则出发,对建设项目工期确定与进度分析方法进行了分析,并从工期成本优化的混合整数规划模型和工期成本优化的图论模型两个方面详细阐述了建设项目工期成本优化方法,并对工期延误与索赔进行了论述,期望通过这方面分析可以深化人们对工程建设项目工期管理认识。     

山区公路长大下坡路段的安全措施

介绍了山区高等级公路长大下坡路段避险车道的设置原则,提出了山区公路长大下坡路段道路交通安全管理措施,包括对道路设施的管理、对超载的管理、对驾驶人的管理和加强道路养护与管理等,从而保证长大下坡路段交通安全。     

Robust Optimal Lane Allocation for Isolated Intersections

Lane allocation including approach and exit lane numbers and lane markings of approach lanes plays an important role in improving the capacity of an intersection. Conventional approaches for optimizing lane allocation often ignore fluctuations in traffic demand (TD). This article presents a stochastic model for robust optimal lane allocation of an isolated intersection under stochastic traffic conditions. This model is built in three steps. In the first step, an enhanced lane‐based model in the form of a binary mixed‐integer nonlinear program is proposed to optimize lane allocation and traffic signals for both vehicles and pedestrians in a unified framework under deterministic traffic conditions. In the second step, a two‐level stochastic model is developed to obtain a robust lane allocation that is less sensitive to traffic flow fluctuations considering the flexibility of traffic signals. In the third step, the two‐level model is further transformed into a TD‐based stochastic model in a two‐phase form to reduce the solution dimension for efficient computation. A TD‐based genetic algorithm procedure is presented for solvability. Numerical studies are conducted to validate the model formulations and solution algorithms.     

谈路面维护和修复管理系统的离散优化模型

随着公路建设和高速公路网在的迅速发展,路面维护和修复活动的管理已变得尤为重要。论文提出了涉及管理体制4个不同群体的离散优化模型,不同群体分别为:政府、高速公路代理人、承包商和普通用户。这4个最优决策模型的制定及二元决策变量的线性整数规划问题。目标函数和约束条件都是基于路面状况指数。数值实验对四川省的公路系统的数据进行分析,其表明了该模型的可行性和有效性。     

交通枢纽出租车到达车道边通行能力分析

大型交通枢纽对出租车交通方式有较大的需求。针对常见的平行并发式与斜列式2种到达车道边布置方式,利用相关交通软件编制程序进行蒙特卡洛模拟分析,研究不同停车位下的到达车道边通行能力及服务水平,并提出确定到达车道边合理规模的方法。     

Optimizing schedule for improving the traffic impact of work zone on roads

Many different types of construction projects set up work zones on roads. Especially in urban areas, lane closures as a result of work zones have a considerable impact on local traffic. However, for a construction project that consists of several work zones and several work crews, the traffic impact may be improved by appropriate scheduling. Therefore, this paper proposed a scheduling model based on the route-changing behavior of road users. The proposed model calculates the traffic delay of vehicles by microscopic simulation, and applies team ant colony optimization to search for a near-optimal schedule. The project planner then ensures that the contractor executes the activities according to the near-optimal schedule. The proposed model is applied to schedule a sewer system construction project in a city. The results of our study indicate that with our proposed model the total traffic delay is reduced by 11.1% when compared with a schedule proposed by the project planner.     

谈公路桥梁养护难题及其解决对策

着重阐述了公路桥梁的养护方面存在的难题，并且提出了相应的解决措施和方案，以减少意外事故的发生，对促进公路交通事业的健康发展有重要的意义。     

Signal timing at an isolated intersection under mixed traffic environment with self-organizing connected and automated vehicles

This study provides a signal timing model for isolated intersections under the mixed traffic environment consisting of connected and human-driven vehicles (CHVs) and connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). Different from existing studies, CAVs are not controlled by traffic controllers and conduct trajectory planning themselves, which are called self-organizing CAVs (SOCAVs). The specific trajectory planning strategies of SOCAVs are not accessible to traffic controllers either. The signal optimization problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for total vehicle delay minimization. The states of SOCAVs and CHVs passing the stop bar are predicted without prior information of the trajectory planning strategies of SOCAVs. SOCAVs can lead approaching platoons to pass the intersection effectively, and such “leading effects” of SOCAVs are utilized. Phase sequence and duration are optimized with the “structure-free” phasing scheme. A parallel particle swarm optimization algorithm with a grouping strategy is designed to solve the optimization model at a reduced scale for computational efficiency. Numerical studies validate that (1) the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the benchmark method, which directly solves the proposed MILP model using the solver Gurobi 9.0, under medium and high traffic demand; and (2) the proposed model significantly outperforms fixed-time and vehicle-actuated signal control in terms of vehicle delay and throughput. Sensitivity analysis shows that the SOCAV penetration rate of 30% is sufficient to guarantee satisfactory performance of the proposed signal timing model.     

Genetic Algorithm-Simulation Methodology for Pavement Maintenance Scheduling

Abstract:   Pavement maintenance activities often involve lane closures, leading to traffic congestion and causing increases in road users' travel times. Scheduling of such activities should minimize the increases in travel times to all the travelers at network level. This article presents a hybrid methodology for scheduling of pavement maintenance activities involving lane closure in a network consisting of freeways and arterials, using genetic algorithm (GA) as an optimization technique, coupled with a traffic-simulation model to estimate the total travel time of road users in the road network. The application of this scheduling method is demonstrated through a hypothetical problem consisting of assigning three maintenance teams to handle 10 job requests in a network in 1 day. After 10 generations of genetic evolution with a population size of four, the hybrid GA-simulation model recommended a schedule that reduced the network total travel time by 5.1%, compared to the initial solution.     

公路桥梁的养护管理

分析了公路桥梁养护方面现实存在的桥面污染严重,栏杆破损,通水孔不畅,桥头跳车等问题,给出了加强公路桥梁养护的对策建议,包括日常养护、完善检查制度,设立专业养护队伍等方面内容,以求尽可能的减少事故、增加行车安全。