微库仑法分析车用乙醇汽油中硫含量

建立了微库仑仪测定车用乙醇汽油中S含量的方法.测定的最佳仪器条件是:O2流量40mL·min-1、N2流量60mL·min-1,裂解炉气化端温度750℃、稳定端温度800℃,偏压140～170mV,增益为150,进样量为4-6μL.方法的精密度小于1%、相对误差绝对值低于1.5%.实验结果表明,微库仑法测试车用乙醇汽油中S含量具有重复性好、操作简单、结果准确等优点.     

载锌NaY分子筛对FCC汽油吸附脱硫性能的影响

采用液相离子交换法将锌离子负载到NaY分子筛上,得到ZnY分子筛脱硫吸附剂。考察了锌离子负载浓度和不同焙烧温度对ZnY分子筛吸附脱硫性能的影响。研究脱硫实验中吸附温度和吸附空速对FCC汽油脱硫性能的影响,样品中的硫含量通过微库仑综合分析仪进行测定。结果表明,Zn(NO₃)₂负载浓度0.30 mol·L^-1、焙烧温度500 ℃、吸附温度30 ℃和吸附空速0.5 h^-1条件下对吸附脱硫性能最有利,脱硫率超过80%。考察两种方法对吸附剂进行再生。     

己二酸二甲酯样品中硫含量的测定

介绍了使用微库仑仪测己二酸二甲酯中硫含量的方法。汽化端温度设置为600℃,燃烧端温度设置为800℃,偏压150 mV,增益200,采样电阻2 kΩ,10 ng/μL的硫标准溶液,进样体积8.0μL,5次测得平均转化率为102%,测得己二酸二甲酯样品中的硫含量平均值为8.70 ng/μL,结果的相对标准偏差为2.64%。     

微库仑法对测定原油有机氯、无机氯、总氯的探讨和优化

通过对微库仑综合分析仪主要影响参数:温度、气体流量、偏压的选择优化,以GB/T 18612-2001检测原油总氯和萃取后油相有机氯,无机氯测定以SY/T0536-2008测定萃取后水相盐含量转化为无机氯,有机氯无机氯之和计为原油实际总氯,微库仑法总氯计为分析总氯。比较实际总氯和分析总氯的大小关系,验证用微库仑法分析总氯的可行性,经过实验得出分析总氯比实际总氯结果偏小,偏小量约为12%~14%,并提出该误差存在的四种可能性,为炼油装置生产提供一定的参数依据。     

微库仑法测定柴油硫含量条件的优化探讨

对WK-2D型微库仑仪进行调试.从进样量、进样速度、气体流量、炉温4个方面讨论操作因素对微库伦法测定样品硫含量的影响,并确定最优操作条件.在优化条件下,对加标直馏柴油样品进行精密度和回收率考察.结果表明：进样量为1.3μL,进样速度为38档,氮气流量为260 mL/min,氧气流量为150 mL/min,汽化段温度为750℃,燃烧段温度为850℃,稳定段温度为650℃操作条件下测得直馏柴油硫含量误差低,重复性好.加标回收率在99％～102％,RSD＜1％.该方法简单、快速、准确,适合大批量直馏柴油样品的测定.     

利用油页岩灰渣提取γ-Al_2O_3

以油页岩灰渣为原料,用酸浸法-微湿气体法制备了γ-Al_2O_3,讨论了煅烧温度、酸灰比、酸浸温度与时间等对氧化铝提取率的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:油页岩灰渣煅烧温度930℃,盐酸/煅烧灰分=40.0 m L/15.0 g,酸浸温度100℃,酸浸时间2.0 h,微湿空气700℃,氧化铝提取率为95%左右,XRD分析确定为γ-Al_2O_3。     

利用油页岩灰渣提取γ-Al_2O_3

以油页岩灰渣为原料,用酸浸法-微湿气体法制备了γ-Al_2O_3,讨论了煅烧温度、酸灰比、酸浸温度与时间等对氧化铝提取率的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:油页岩灰渣煅烧温度930℃,盐酸/煅烧灰分=40.0 m L/15.0 g,酸浸温度100℃,酸浸时间2.0 h,微湿空气700℃,氧化铝提取率为95%左右,XRD分析确定为γ-Al_2O_3。     

加氢裂化原料及产品中氮含量分析方法的研究

对加氢裂化原料及产品中氮含量分析常用的分析方法进行了研究，试验结果表明，无论是化学发光法还是微库仑法，均能较好地测定加氢裂化原料及产品中的氮含量。但化学发光法与微库仑法相比具有操作简便，快速，灵敏度高，选择性好，检测范围宽等优点，在分析低含氮量（＜2mg/kg）的轻质油及高含氮量的重质油时效果好于微库仑法。     

直接硼氢化钠燃料电池在不同运行条件下的放电特性研究

研究了以Ni粉为阳极催化剂、Pt/C为阴极催化剂、Nafion117为电解质膜的直接硼氢化钠燃料电池(DSBFC),通过电池的极化曲线、功率密度曲线,研究了DSBFC在不同阴极供料方式、不同温度和硼氢化钠浓度等条件下的放电特性.结果表明:阴极通加湿氧气有利于提高电池性能;随着硼氢化钠浓度的增加和温度的升高,电池性能都会提高;50℃时NaBH4浓度对电池性能影响更大,NaBH4浓度为0.5 mol·L-1时温度对电池的性能影响更大.通过电流-时间曲线考察了电池的库仑效率及短期运行的稳定性.结果显示:在高温时电池放电相对平稳;NaBH4浓度越大,库仑效率越低;温度对库仑效率影响不大.以加湿氧气为氧化剂、硼氢化钠浓度为1.0 mol·L-1、电池运行温度为80℃时,DSBFC性能最佳,最大功率密度为39.5 mW·cm-2(0.5 V).     

微库仑法测定芳烃溶剂中硫含量的方法优化

从转化率和温度等方面对微库仑滴定技术测定芳烃溶剂中的硫含量的方法进行了优化.结果表明,采用优化的微库仑滴定法可以在芳烃溶剂中准确的测定小于l ng/μL样品的硫含量,该方法操作具有简单、快捷、准确的特点,可以很好的应用于芳烃溶剂中硫含量的测定.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.