一种改进多分辨率图像融合算法

提出一种基于局部熵的多分辨图像融合算法。利用小波变换得到待融合图像的多分辨结构,同时得到图像的多分辨局部熵序列。以局部熵为判据,在图像多分辨结构相应各级上进行融合,得到融合图像的多分辨结构,利用小波逆变换重构融合图像。实验结果表明,该图像融合方法在保留TM多光谱图像光谱分辨率的同时,通过融合SPOT全色图像提高了空间分辨率,丰富了图像细节信息。     

基于二代Curvelet变换耦合二维因子的图像融合算法

目的 为了解决当前图像融合算法在融合过程中忽略了低频系数中所包含的图像细节信息,导致其输出的融合图像存在间断以及模糊效应的不足,方法 提出基于二代Curvelet变换耦合二维因子的图像融合算法。首先,利用具有多尺度以及多方向特性的二代Curvelet变换对源图像进行快速的分解,以获取源图像精细的低频以及高频系数。引入低频系数的信息熵以及区域方差特征来构造二维因子,对低频系数所包含的信息量以及图像的变化程度进行度量,以完成低频系数的融合。随后,利用高频系数的平均梯度特征,构造信息融合规则,完成高频系数的融合,提高融合图像的细节信息含有量。最后,利用像素点的R,G,B值,构造颜色校正因子,对融合图像进行颜色修正,以获取色彩效果较好的融合图像。结果 实验结果显示,与当前图像融合算法相比,所提算法具有更强的细节表达能力,其输出的融合图像具有更好的清晰度及视觉效果。结论 所提算法拥有较好的融合质量,能提高图像的对比度与分辨率,在图像处理领域具有一定的参考价值。     

区域特征耦合DS证据理论的图像融合算法

目的提高融合图像视觉质量。方法提出区域多特征与改进的DS证据理论规则的聚焦图像融合算法。首先,引入二代Curvelet变换,对源图像进行分解,获取图像的粗尺度系数、细尺度系数;然后,根据区域中粗尺度系数的绝对值,构造最大值融合规则,完成粗尺度系数的融合;再联合区域方差、信息熵以及区域能量等特征,提取细尺度层的区域特征,并通过定义概率约束条件,改进DS证据理论的融合规则,增强DS合成规则的可信度,对图像的细尺度系数进行有效融合,使得融合图像保留更多的细节信息;最后,通过逆Curvelet变换完成图像的融合。结果与当前的图像融合算法相比,在对聚焦图像融合时,文中算法的融合图像具有更丰富的细节信息,其视觉质量更高,且融合时耗较短。结论所提算法考虑了像素之间的互相关性,进一步优化了图像融合质量,可用于遥感探测与包装印刷检测等领域。     

Canny准则小波边缘检测在图像融合中的应用

提出了一种新的图像融合方法。该方法选择Canny准则作为边缘检测的基础,并结合小波变换算法,确定图像边缘位置。在小波域中,对高频信息依据其是否为边缘点采用不同的融合策略,对低频信息利用加权法进行融合,再进行小波逆变换重构融合图像。实验结果表明,提出的算法在抑制噪声的同时,能有效地突出边缘细节,更好地保持图像的空间分辨力。对于多聚焦图像的融合,偏差度为0.0520,熵为7.6609,相似度达到0.9985。     

非亚采样Contourlet 遥感图像融合

非亚采样 Contourlet 变换是在非亚采样塔型滤波器及非亚采样方向滤波器组的基础上建立起来的,它是一种移不变多方向多尺度图像表示方法.介绍了该变换的结构特点与系数分布特性,并研究了基于非亚采样Contourlet 变换的图像融合算法.该算法利用非亚采样Contourlet 的平移不变性以及NSCT 系数特点,有效准确地提取图像边缘与细节区域,并分别在高、低频域针对不同区域采用不同的融合方法,有效挖掘了待融合图像中的有效信息.这种具有多分辨率分析和多方向滤波特点的处理方法,提高了融合后遥感图像中的信息量和清晰度,对不同分辨率不同方向上的信息进行挖掘及融合,解决了传统小波融合算法中方向数目受限的不足.通过仿真实验与传统融合方法进行比较,验证了该方法的有效性和优越性.     

结合边缘特征的遥感图像融合

曲波(Curvelet)变换是一种更适合于图像处理的多尺度几何分析(MGA)方法,具有很强的方向性.结合 HSI变换将其应用于全色图像和多光谱(MS)图像融合可以更好地表示图像中的有用特征.首先对多光谱图像进行 HSI变换,得到亮度分量 I,对全色图像和 I 分量进行曲波变换得到粗尺度系数和细节尺度系数,对全色图像的粗尺度系数和细节尺度系数进行叠加,计算归一化的全色曲波系数直方图,定义边缘有效因子,利用全色图像的特征信息对融合图像的粗尺度系数进行处理,对细节尺度系数采用函数对弱边缘进行增强,对新的曲波系数设计融合规则进行融合,逆变换后得到新的亮度分量 Inew,用 Inew 替代原亮度分量 I 进行逆 HSI 变换得到最终融合结果,采用统计类指标对融合结果进行评价.实验结果表明,该方法在保持光谱信息和提高空间分辨率上都有较好的效果.     

基于形态学和小波包变换的中波细分红外图像的二次融合

提出了基于形态学操作和小波包变换的红外中波细分波段图像的融合方法.通过形态学腐蚀膨胀操作、加权叠加实现两幅细分波段图像的局部融合,消除第一细分波段图像的太阳照射饱和区;利用二维离散小波包变换对局部融合图像和第二细分波段图像进行全局融合,将两幅图像的细节信息综合起来,使图像更清晰.实验结果表明,通过两次融合的图像消除了太阳照射造成的饱和区,同两幅原图像相比,局部标准偏差和局部熵分别增加了21.06%和9.20%,证明了融合方法的有效性.     

基于特征能量加权的红外与可见光图像融合

目前红外与可见光图像直接融合存在红外目标取舍和场景信息提取困难,结合非采样Contourlet的多尺度、多方向性和平移不变性的优点,本文提出了一种基于非采样Contourlet变换(NSCT)的红外与可见光图像融合方法.首先对源图像进行分解,然后低频子带通过构造基于区域的特征像素能量,进行加权融合,高频子带直接选用方差取大法融合.使用该算法进行了融合实验,并给出了融合质量评价.实验结果表明,本文提出的基于NSCT的图像融合算法在保留图像细节信息、增加信息量方面都有显著地提高.     

跨尺度注意力融合的单幅图像去雨

单幅图像去雨算法旨在将有雨图像中的雨纹去除生成高质量无雨图。目前基于深度学习的多尺度去雨算法较难捕获不同层次的细节,忽视尺度之间的信息互补,易导致生成图像失真,雨纹去除不彻底等问题。为此,本文提出了基于跨尺度注意力融合的图像去雨网络,在去除密集雨纹的同时尽量保留原本图片的细节,改善去雨图像的视觉质量。去雨网络由三个子网构成,每个子网用于获取不同尺度上的雨纹信息。各子网由跨尺度特征提取模块通过稠密连接的方式构成,该模块以跨尺度融合注意力为核心,构造不同尺度之间的关联实现信息互补,使图像兼顾细节与整体信息。实验结果表明,本文模型在合成数据集Rain200H和Rain200L上取得显著的去雨效果,去雨处理后的图片峰值信噪比达到了29.91/39.23 dB,结构相似度为0.92/0.99,优于一般的主流方法,并取得了良好的视觉效果,在保证去雨效果自然的同时保持了图像的细节。     

基于边缘信息的偏振图像融合算法及评价

偏振遥感图像通常都采用强度、偏振度、偏振角来表征目标偏振特性.本文提出的基于边缘信息的偏振图像融合算法是将三幅偏振图像利用离散小波变换把图像分解成不同尺度的低频和高频部分,采用小波区域窗口和子区域窗口统计把小波系数分类成边缘和非边缘系数,通过这些方法进行有效的边缘细节信息提取.在融合处理中,低频图像的小波系数平均值作为融合后的低频系数,高频细节系数根据不同区域特征选择方法以及对应输入图像小波系数的窗口区域方差来确定融合后高频小波系数.仿真实验结果表明,这样使得融合后的图像细节更真实更丰富,图像的偏振特性体现更为充分,同时减少对源图像的预处理要求,使图像在整体上有较好的视觉效果.从而证明这种方法能够在保留图像微小细节方面获得满意的结果,且算法有效性优于其他的图像融合方法.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...