PCD面铣刀铣削铝合金时刀具几何参数对毛刺的影响

在发动机铝合金缸盖的制造过程中,现有的加工方法或多或少都会产生毛刺。平面铣削铝合金汽缸盖时毛刺由于塑性变形通常产生于被加工材料的切削终端边缘和孔口处。文中主要探讨了PCD面铣刀铣削铝合金汽缸盖时刀具的几何角度参数与毛刺发生的机理,最后通过试验选用合适的刀具几何参数减少铣削铝合金时产生的毛刺。     

磨粒流技术在航天零件相贯孔去毛刺中的应用

正1.毛刺的产生及危害毛刺是工件在切削力作用下产生晶粒剪切滑移、塑性变形,使材料被挤压、撕裂,导致零件表面或交接处出现的多余材料。如图1所示,塑性变形区(剪切区)未深入切削表面时(见图1a),工件表面就不会产生毛刺,反之则会产生毛刺(见图1b)。机械零件在加工制造过程中产生的毛刺,对零件的加工精度、装配精度、使用要求、再加工定位、操作安全和外观质量等许多方面都会产生不良影响。近年来,随着机械工业的发展,对零件精度等方面     

毛刺形成中的韧性断裂条件及影响

在不同的切削条件下工件的棱边会形成毛刺与亏缺两种不同的形态。亏缺的形成同样影响着工件的精度与使用性能。基于Normalized CockroftLatham断裂准则建立了毛刺与亏缺形成的有限元热-力耦合模型,通过模拟结果分析,得出毛刺的形成主要由工件终端部材料的大塑性变形而产生,亏缺的形成主要由工件已加工面材料的大塑性变形造成的韧性断裂产生。并通过不同的切削条件模拟,得出了形成亏缺的界限条件。切削实验结果表明:模拟结果中的界限条件与实验结果接近。毛刺、亏缺形成有限元模型的建立为进一步深入研究其形成机理提供了一条有效的途径,其模拟结果为工件棱边质量的控制提供参考。     

微细铣削加工中抑制微毛刺生成的新方法

在微型零件的微细铣削过程中,微毛刺的产生是影响零件质量的重要因素。本文提出了一种通过构建辅助支撑抑制微毛刺产生的新方法。通过分析微毛刺的产生机理,发现微细加工的尺度效应和被加工材料的塑性变形是产生毛刺的主要原因,尤其在被加工材料的边界处毛刺更为明显。在工件的边界上构建辅助支撑结构可以增强工件边界的刚度,并抑制工件边界处材料的塑性变形。使用微细刀具进行微细铣削铍青铜的加工试验证明该方法可以抑制微毛刺的生成。     

去毛刺技术的选择及其检测方法

毛刺是工件在切削力作用下产生晶粒剪切滑移、塑性变形，使材料被挤压、撕裂，导致零件表面或交接处出现的多余材料。如图1所示，塑性变形区(剪切区)未深入切削表面时(见图1a)，工件表面就不会产生毛刺，否则就会产生毛刺(见图1b)。     

微细切削毛刺的有限元仿真

在微细加工精密微小零件的过程中,存在的主要问题之一是有微型毛刺产生。利用有限元软件Abaqus对铝2024-T3微细切削进行仿真,运用Johnson-Cook(J-C)模型建立工件材料模型,用网格自适应技术(arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian,ALE)实现切屑和工件的分离,切屑和刀具的接触摩擦模型采用修正的库仑摩擦定律,动态模拟微型毛刺的形成过程,分析不同刀具几何参数及切削参数对毛刺形成的影响,得到微细加工过程中不同刀具几何参数及切削参数对微型毛刺形成影响的一般规律。分析结果为优化刀具几何参数及切削参数、减少微细切削中的毛刺和提高表面加工质量等提供指导。     

CFRP铣削加工刀具优化

碳纤维复合材料(carbon fiber reinforced plastics,CFRP)因性能优异,在航空航天等高端装备领域应用广泛。但由于CFRP是典型的难加工材料,铣削过程中刀具磨损快,并且易形成毛刺、分层和崩边等缺陷。其中,最常见的是边缘毛刺缺陷,带来大量打磨工作。因此,探究抑制CFPR边缘毛刺产生的方法对企业实现优质高效加工具有重要意义。分析了CFPR边缘毛刺产生的原理,设计了优化结构的新型铣刀,在刀具周向设计了菠萝右旋刃、普通右旋刃、菠萝左旋刃和普通左旋刃4组刀刃,每组切削刃均由密布刀刃组成。边缘铣削试验结果表明,相比菠萝铣刀和交错铣刀,新型铣刀能够较好地抑制CFRP边缘毛刺的产生。     

金属切削加工中毛刺问题的相关研究

毛刺现象是指机械加工过程中出现的各种不符合设计要求的部分,常见的包括飞边、飞溅、棱边和尖角等。在金属切削加工中,毛刺问题是影响金属切削加工的一个最重要因素,往往是由于焊接操作不符合要求或者加工过程中出现塑性变形等导致的。为了加强金属切削加工的质量,一定要加强人们对金属切削加工毛刺问题的重视,并采取各种措施预防毛刺的产生。本文就如何对待金属切削加工中的毛刺问题进行探析,提出了各种有效措施。     

切削加工物理仿真技术最新动向

切削加工仿真技术的发展动向包括：①开发nc仿真软件,借以显示刀具运动轨迹,并判断刀具、刀夹与工件及其夹具是否产生干涉,在进行立铣加工时,最基本的任务是切除刀具切削刃包络面通过部分的被加工材料,使保留下来的部分成为已加工面;②研究解析切削加工过程中的物理现象,如被加工材料因塑性变形而产生热量,被切除材料不断擦过刀具前刀面形成刀屑后被排出,以及由刀具切削刃切除不需要的材料而在工件上形成已加工面等,并将这一系列切削过程通过计算机模拟出来,目前能达到这种理想目标的产品还为数不多。     

碳纤维层合板复合材料铣削毛刺抑制技术研究

多用于航空结构件的碳纤维层合板复合材料,是一种难加工的材料,由于其多层多相的材料特点,在铣削加工中极易出现毛刺等缺陷。对该材料的铣削过程进行了理论分析,针对其易产生毛刺缺陷的问题,提出了利用刀具侧倾铣削的加工方法来抑制毛刺的产生。开展了不同侧倾角度的多组对照切削试验,通过对切削表面缺陷占比和毛刺长度的分析,验证了该方法的有效性,并且找到了在当前工况下获得最优切削质量的最佳刀具侧倾角度为20°。     

PCD面铣刀切削刃对低刚性的缸盖面的毛刺影响

在夹具系统刚性不足的情况下,铝合金缸盖燃烧室和覆盖面很容易出现毛刺。文中介绍了PCD铣刀出现毛刺的原因。研究PCD面铣刀切削刃的几何参数对于毛刺影响的研究。提出了一种在刚性不足的切削系统下,达到既没有振纹又没有毛刺的方法。     

A FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF BURR FORMATION IN FACE MILLING OF A CAST ALUMINUM ALLOY

The research discussed in this article focuses on the effects of tool geometry (i.e., rake angle and cutting edge radius) and flank wear upon burr formation in face milling of a cast aluminum alloy. As to tool edge preparation, the use of a tool with variable cutting edge radius was investigated using FEM, and compared for its cutting performance (i.e., burr reduction and tool life) with a conventional tool with uniform cutting edge radius. In order to evaluate 3D face milling through 2D orthogonal cutting simulations, the cross-sections that consist in the cutting speed direction and chip flow direction were selected at different locations along the tool rounded corner. At these cross-sections, the local value of cutting edge radius and their associated tool rake angles as well as the effective uncut chip thickness were determined for 2D cutting simulations. In addition, 3D face milling simulations were conducted to investigate more realistic chip flow and burr generation. Comparisons were made for burrs produced from 3D simulations with a sharp tool, 3D simulations with a worn tool and face milling experiments. Finally, recommendations for cutting tool design are made to reduce burr formation in face milling.     

Investigation on the burr formation mechanism in micro cutting

It is desirable to minimize burr formation for improving part quality. This paper presents an investigation on the burr formation mechanism in micro cutting by taking into consideration the stress distribution around the cutting edge arc. The influences of the uncut chip thickness and the cutting edge radius on burr formation were investigated. Poisson burr is attributed to the side flow of the stagnation material at the bottom of the cutting edge arc. The stress distribution at the cutting edge arc has great influence on Poisson burr formation. The burr height decreases to the minimum value and then increases with reducing the uncut chip thickness due to the change of the maximum stress distribution. An optimum machining strategy also is suggested in micro milling of snake-shaped groove microstructure.     

Analytical modelling of slot milling exit burr size

A computational model was recently proposed by authors to approximate the tangential cutting force and consequently predict the thickness of the exit up milling side burr. To calculate the cutting force, the specific cutting force coefficient with respect to material properties was used. The model was sensitive to material yield strength and few cutting and tool geometrical parameters. However, the effects of cutting speed, tool coating, and tool rake angle on burr size were neglected. Other phenomena that could affect the burr size such as friction and abrasion were not taken into account either. Therefore, in the current work, a mechanistic force model is incorporated to propose a burr size prediction algorithm. The tangential and radial forces are calculated based on using specific cutting force coefficients in each direction. Furthermore, using the new approach, the burr size is predicated and the effects of a broad range of cutting parameters on burr size and friction angle are evaluated. Experimental values of burr size correlated well with prediction. It was found that the cutting speed has negligible effects on force and burr size. Lower friction angle was recorded when using larger feed per tooth. Consequently, thinner exit up milling side burr was obtained under high friction angle.     

Development of intelligent system to minimize burr formation in face milling

The exit burr generated in the face milling operation at the edge of the workpiece usually requires deburring processes to enhance the level of precision of the parts. This paper is to geometrically understand the formation of the exit burr in the face milling operation on the arbitrary shaped workpiece with multiple feature such as hole, spline, and arc so that we can suggest the cutting conditions and tool path to minimize the burr formation on the given workpiece in the early design stage. The burr formation mechanism in each type of burr is classified based on the experimental results. A database is developed to store and predict burr formation results. A Windows based program is developed with the algorithm including three steps, i.e., the feature identification, the cutting condition identification, and the analysis on exit burr formation. We can predict which portion of the workpiece would have the exit burr in advance so that we can manage to find a way to minimize the exit burr formation in an actual cutting. Here, the idea of critical burr length is introduced as a criterion in optimization.     

高温合金蜂窝芯高速铣削材料去除机理与损伤行为

高温合金蜂窝芯材料具有高比刚度、轻质和能量吸收特性好等优异性能,被视为下一代高超声速飞行器热防护结构极具潜力的材料。高速铣削是高温合金蜂窝芯零件成型过程中重要的减材制造工艺,在蜂窝芯材料高速铣削时,蜂窝芯材料面内刚度低且高温合金塑性好,较小的切削力就会使蜂窝壁产生较大的塑性变形,导致蜂窝芯加工精度较低、加工损伤难以控制,对后续焊接、装配等工序产生不利影响。基于有限元仿真对蜂窝壁切削材料去除机理进行了深入研究,探索了铣削参数、刀具类型和铣削方式对铣削过程中铣削力和加工损伤的影响。研究结果表明,蜂窝壁切入角是影响蜂窝芯材料切削加工过程中瞬时应力分布和成屑机理的关键性因素。得到了铣削参数、刀具类型和铣削方式对高温合金蜂窝芯加工过程中加工损伤的影响规律。对于铣削参数,过大的进给量会导致芯格变形等加工损伤,降低切削速度会提高微小毛刺等加工损伤发生的频率;本文采用的三种刀具的对比结果表明,立式铣刀加工质量最好。插铣方式会产生明显的轴向冲击,而侧铣方式可以有效避免轴向冲击。研究成果为高温合金蜂窝芯低损伤高性能加工提供了理论依据和工艺技术储备。     

Influence of cutting edge radius on surface integrity and burr formation in milling titanium

The influence of the cutting edge micro geometry on cutting process and on tool performance is subject to several research projects. Recently, published papers mainly focus on the cutting edge rounding and its influence on tool life and cutting forces. For applications even more important, however, is the influence of the cutting edge radius on the integrity of the machined part. Especially for titanium, which is used in environments requiring high mechanical integrity, the information about the dependency of surface integrity on cutting edge geometry is important. This paper therefore studies the influence of the cutting edge radius on surface integrity in terms of residual stress, micro hardness, surface roughness and optical characterisation of the surface and near surface area in up and down milling of the titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V. Moreover, the influence of the cutting edge radius on burr formation is analysed. The experiments show that residual stresses increase with the cutting edge radius especially in up milling, whereas the influence in down milling is less pronounced. The influence of the cutting edge radius on surface roughness is non-uniform. The formation of burr increases with increasing cutting edge radius, and is thus in agreement with the residual stress tests.     

硬质合金刀具高速车铣和铣削TC4钛合金磨损试验对比

采用H13A未涂层硬质合金刀具对TC4钛合金进行高速正交车铣和铣削试验,并从刀具磨损破损形态、磨损机理及其寿命等方面进行对比分析。研究表明:高速正交车铣和铣削钛合金时,前、后刀面主要以粘结磨损为主,车铣加工时在切削刃口易形成积屑瘤及连续切屑,但对刀具材料粘结较轻;高速铣削时,对刀具材料粘接较重,在前刀面刃口附近形成凹坑及崩刃;后刀面最大磨损的位置不相同。试验对比了相同切削条件时刀具使用寿命,结果表明采用正交车铣加工可以获得更长的刀具使用寿命。     

Characterization and modeling of burr formation in micro-end milling

Mechanical micromachining is increasingly finding applications in fabrication of components in various fields, such as, biomedical devices, optics, electronics, medicine, communications and avionics. In order to ensure adequate functionality, there are stringent requirements for form and finish in case of biomedical devices like cochlear implants and metallic optics. This necessitates that the post machined surface must be burr free. To address these issues in micromachining, this paper presents results of an experimental study to investigate the influence of main process parameters i.e. speed, feed rate, depth of cut, tool diameter and number of flutes on the formation of the various types of burrs i.e. exit burrs and top burrs produced during micro-end milling operation. The experiments performed using Taguchi method shows that three types of burr formation mechanisms prevail during micro-end milling operations; these are: lateral deformation of material, bending and tearing of the chip. Also, three types of burrs were observed include: Poisson burr, rollover burr in down milling and tear burr in up milling. Further, it is observed that the depth of cut and the tool diameter are the main parameters, which influence the burr height and thickness significantly. However, the speed and the feed rate have small to negligible effect on the burr thickness and height. Besides the experimental analysis, the paper presents an analytical model to predict the burr height for exit burr. The model is built on the geometry of burr formation and the principle of continuity of work at the transition from chip formation to burr formation. Note that prediction of burr height in micro-end milling is extremely challenging due to the complex geometry of material removal and microstructural effects encountered during cutting at that length scales. The model fares well and the prediction errors range between 0.65 and 25%.     

FE modeling of burr size in high- speed micro-milling of Ti6Al4V

This article is focused on the finite element modeling of burr formation in high speed micromilling of Ti6Al4V. Studies show that the burr produced at the up milling side at the exit of the micromilling tool is the biggest among burrs at other locations. Therefore, side exit burr at the up milling side has been modeled through finite element modeling. Johnson cook material constitutive model has been implemented in the formulation of burr formation. Experimental work has been performed to validate the developed model. It is found that the burr height and width obtained from the simulation has been validated experimentally with a maximum error of 15%. It was found from the literature review that the cutting speed is the factor, which influences the burr formation. Therefore, the model has been further extended to study the effect of cutting speed on the burr size. A maximum tool rotation of 200,000 rpm was considered with a tool diameter of 500 μm. It is predicted from the simulation that, the burr size was reduced by 96% (both height and width) if cutting tool speed was increased from 10,000 to 200,000 rpm. Therefore, it is concluded that the cutting speed is the major factor to reduce the burr size in micromilling of Ti6Al4 V. This study shows that the high speed micromachining center can be helpful in producing the micro parts with less or no burrs. It is expected that further extension of the burr formation model can minimize the burr size to zero/near zero size.