高温超导薄膜红外探测器研究

文章对高温超导薄膜红外探测器进行了基本理论分析，给出了器件设计思想，并报导了用高ＴｃＧｄＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７－ｘ薄膜制备的单元红外探测器，２×２阵列红外探测器的实验结果。在液氮温度下得到的最好结果是噪声等效功率ＮＥＰ（５００，１０，１）＝３．８×１０－１２ＷＨｚ－１／２，探测率Ｄ＊＝１．７×１０１０ｃｍＨｚ１／２Ｗ－１，响应度Ｒｖ＝３３１２ＶＷ－１。器件经过十多次的冷热循环，并在室温下保存一年以上。所得测量结果基本不变。     

高性能GaAs／AlGaAs量子阱红外探测器的研制

ＧａＡｓ／ＡｌＧａＡｓ多量了阱结构的红外探测器是近几年出现的一种新型红外探测器。本文对基基本原理作了介绍。并报导了最新研制成果；Ｄλ＝１．４２×１０＾１１ｃｍＨｚ１／２Ｗ＾－１＝Ｒλ＝２．３２×１０＾６Ｖ／Ｗ，峰值响应为８．５μｍ的高性能ＧａＡｓ／ＡｌＧａＡｓ量子阱红外探测器。     

20μm高灵敏浸没型碲镉汞红外探测器

报道了一种新型高灵敏浸没型ＨｇＣｄＴｅ红外探测器的研制，获得了Ｄ＾＊＝１．４６×１０＾１１ｃｍＨｚ＾１／２Ｗ＾－１，Ｒ＝６０８Ｖ／Ｗ，λｃ（２０％）－２０μ，灵敏元面积Ａ＝０．１２×０．１２ｍｍ＾２，和有效通光孔径ψ＝６ｍｍ的浸没型器件。     

YBCO薄膜红外探测器研究的新进展

用ＹＢＣＯ／ＬａＡｌＯ＿３薄膜制成的１ｍｍ红外探测器，经技术保护之后，寿命已达３年。其Ｄ（５００，１０，１）＝３．７×１０￣９ｃｍＨｚ￣（１／２）Ｗ￣（－１），ＮＥＰ（５００，１０，１）＝２．４×１０￣（－１１）ＷＨｚ￣（－１／２）；超导微桥（５０μｍ×１０μｍ）红外探测器，其Ｄ（５００，１０，１）＝１×１０￣９ｃｍＨｚ￣（１／２）Ｗ￣（－１），ＮＥＰ（５００，１０，１）＝２．３×１０￣（－１２）ＷＨｚ￣（－１／２）。     

分子束外延HgCdTe／GaAs的生长和光伏探测器的研制

文中报导了用分子束外廷工艺在ＧａＡｓ（２１１）Ｂ衬底上生长了较高质量的中、长波ＨｇＣｄＴｅ薄膜材料。生长后的材料通过退火进行转型和调节电性参数。选择的组分分别为ｘ＝０．３３０和０．２２６的两种材料，７７Ｋ时载流子浓度和迁移率分别为ｐ＝６．７×１０１５ｃｍ－３、ｕｐ＝２６０ｃｍ２Ｖ－１ｓ－１和４．４５×１０１５ｃｍ－３、４１０ｃｍ２Ｖ－１ｓ－１。研制了平面型中、长波线列光伏探测器，其典型的探测器Ｄ分别为５．０×１０１０ｃｍＨｚ１／２Ｗ－１和２．６８×１０１０ｃｍＨｚ１／２Ｗ－１（１８０°视场下），其中６４元线列中波探测器与ＣＭＯＳ电路芯片在杜瓦瓶中耦含后读出并实现了红外成像演示。     

CO2激光制导用光伏碲镉汞四象限探测器组件

报道了ＣＯ_２激光制导用光伏ＨｇＣｄＴｅ四象限探测器组件研究的进展情况，采用中ＨｇＣｄＴｅ体晶材料已制备出直径达２ｍｍ的四象限二极管阵列，其平均探测率为１．４１×１０（１０）ｃｍＨｚ（１／２）／Ｗ，平均响应率为２１４Ｖ／Ｗ。该探测器配有四通道的前置放大器，整个组件具有３．１５×１０（１０）ｃｍＨｚ（１／２）／Ｗ的平均探测率和优于±３％的响应均匀性。     

9μmp~＋－Ge_xSi_（1－x）／p－Si异质结内光电红外探测器

用分子束外延方法生长了ｐ＋－ＧｅｘＳｉ１－ｘ／ｐ－Ｓｉ异质结，并用平面工艺制成了内光电红外探测器，器件截止响应波长达９μｍ，在５２Ｋ时，Ｒｖ５００Ｋ＝３．３×１０３Ｖ／Ｗ．     

128×1元GaAs／AlGaAs多量子阱扫描红外焦平面的红外成像

研制成功了１２８×１元ＧａＡｓ／ＡｌＧａＡｓ多量子阱扫描型红外焦平面（ＦＰＡｓ），器件的响应率达到ＲＰ＝２．０２×１０＾６Ｖ／Ｗ，截止波长为λ＝８．６μｍ，根据常规的黑体探测率定义，得到器件的黑体探测率为Ｄｂ＝２．３７×１０＾６ｃｍ．Ｈｚ／Ｗ，并最终获得了清晰的曙物体残留热像图。     

9μmp^＋—GexSi1—x／p—Si异质结内光电红外探测器

用分子束外延方法生长了ｐ＾＋－ＧｅｘＳｉ１－ｘ／ｐ－Ｓｉ异质结，并用平面工艺制成了内光电红外探测器，器件截止响应波长达９μｍ，在５２Ｋ时，Ｒｖ５００Ｋ＝３．３×１０＾３Ｖ／Ｗ。     

8～12μm光导多元红外探测器研制

本文通过对光导红外探测器的基本理论进行分析，给出了获得高性能红外探测器应具备的晶片参数和工艺设计的理论依据。实践证明，在此理论指导下开展长波线列光导器件研制，能重复制备出昏性能、高均命性的３２元、４８元和６０元红外探测器，其Ｄ￣＊＿ｂ＞１×１０￣（１０）ｃｍＨｚ￣（１／２）Ｗ￣（－１）、Ｒ＿Ｖ＞１×１０￣４ＶＷ￣（－１）、λ＿ｐ＞１１μｍ和λ＿ｃ＞１２μｍ。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks