高速正交切削SiCp/Al复合材料切削温度仿真研究

使用ABAQUS有限元软件对高体分SiCp/Al复合材料的颗粒和基体进行分别定义,仿真研究了高速切削复合材料时的温度场,分析了切削过程中切削用量和刀具角度对工件切削温度的影响。结果表明:在切削过程中,与刀具接触位置的颗粒温度较高且应力值较高;SiC颗粒的温度较Al基体的温度低;第一变形区发现一条沿着剪切角方向非常明显的温升带。在稳定切削阶段,与刀尖接触位置的工件温度较高,且应力集中现象总是发生在SiC颗粒上。随着切削深度和切削深度的增加,切削过程中工件的最高温度均随之增加;随着刀具前角和后角的增大,切削过程中工件的最高温度均随之降低。     

高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料旋转超声铣磨加工的试验研究

由于大量高硬度增强相SiC颗粒的存在,高体积分数铝基碳化硅（SiCp/Al）复合材料的机械加工十分困难。旋转超声加工被认为是加工这种材料的有效方法。通过超声辅助划痕试验,分析高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料旋转超声铣磨加工的材料去除机理。在超声振动的作用下,材料中铝基体发生塑性变形,其表面得到夯实;SiC增强相被锤击成细小的颗粒而发生脱落,形成较大的空洞。由于材料加工的缺陷大多产生于SiC颗粒的去除过程中,SiC颗粒的去除方式对加工表面的质量起着决定性的作用,选择合适的工艺参数可以有效提高加工表面质量。旋转超声加工工艺特征试验表明,超声振动可有效降低切削力;主轴转速对轴向切削力的影响最大,其次是进给速度,切削深度对轴向切削力的影响较小;另外主轴转速对表面质量的影响效果也最大,并随主轴转速的增大表面粗糙度增大。因此在加工过程中,可以适当加大切削深度,在保证加工质量的基础上,选择较大的进给速度,在保证刀具寿命的前提下,选择合适的主轴转速,以获得较优的加工表面质量和加工效率。     

绿色切削SiCp／Al复合材料的刀具温度研究

采用嵌埋人工热电偶的方法,通过正交试验研究了干切削SiCp／Al复合材料时切削参数对刀具前、后刀面切削温度的影响。选定切削参数,实验研究了干式切削、压缩空气风冷、油液浇注和MQL等冷却方式对前、后刀面切削温度的影响。试验结果表明,对于车削SiCp／Al复合材料,后刀面温度高于前刀面温度,进给量对刀具温度影响最显著,MQL切削条件下刀具温度最低。     

The optimal design of micro end mill for milling SKD61 tool steel

Micromachining has become a necessary manufacturing method. Developing and applying micro-milling are determined according to the increasingly influential progress of micro tool designs and the evolution of machine tool technologies. This study employed a tungsten carbide micro end mill with a diameter of 200 μm for the design model of the micro-milling SKD61 tool steel by the finite element method. This study first used the effective rake angle on an oblique cutting process to simplify the complicated geometric relationship of the micro end mill into the orthogonal cutting model. Simulation analysis will be conducted by using the four parameters of effective rake angle, relief angle, cutting velocity, and cutting depth designed according to the Taguchi orthogonal array. This study then evaluated the four micro-milling characteristics of cutting force, tool maximum temperature, distance between the tool maximal temperature point and the tool tip point, and tool–chip contact length. The results of ANOVA show that the most influential simulation parameter on micro-milling is effective rake angle, followed by cutting velocity, cutting depth, and relief angle. The empirical results indicate that the proposed method can serve as a design base for developing and applying the micro end mill.     

Finite element and experimental studies of the cutting process of SiCp/Al composites with PCD tools

In this paper, a two-dimensional orthogonal cutting experiments and simulation analysis on the machining of SiCp/Al composites with a polycrystalline diamond tool have been carried out. By using two kinds of finite element models, the cutting force and von Mises equivalent stress at different cutting conditions were studied in detail. The results indicate that the cutting speed and depth have significant effects on the cutting force, and the predicted cutting force is in agreement with that of the experiment. The von Mises equivalent stress distributions of particle and matrix at three typical cases can explain the removal mechanism of SiC particle very well, which is also consistent with that of the experimental observation.     

颗粒增强铝基复合材料铣削加工实验研究

使用K10硬质合金铣刀,在不使用冷却液的条件下,对A12024/SiCp复合材料进行铣削加工实验,研究切削参数和颗粒尺寸对表面质量、切削力、刀具磨损的影响.研究表明,随着增强颗粒尺寸的增大,表面变粗糙、切削力增大和刀具磨损加重;在不同的切削条件下,法向力均大于切向力.随着切削用量的增大,铣削力呈增大趋势,其中,吃刀量对铣削力的影响最大,切削速度的影响最小;加工表面上存在凹坑、颗粒突起和基体材料涂敷等缺陷,表面粗糙度随着颗粒尺寸增大而增大,随着切削速度的提高而减小.     

高速车削镍基高温合金GH4169的切削力仿真研究

基于Deform 3D仿真软件建立了GH4169高温合金高速车削的有限元模型,采用四因素三水平正交试验方法研究了切削用量和刀具几何参数对切削力的影响规律,并建立了切削力经验公式。研究结果表明:在高速车削GH4169的过程中,对切削力影响最大的参数是切削深度,其次是进给量和前角,最后是刀尖圆弧半径;切削力随切削深度和进给量的增大而增大,随前角的增大呈现先降低又升高的趋势,而刀尖圆弧半径增大时切削力变化不大;最佳参数组合为:进给量0.2mm/r,切削深度0.4mm,前角10°,刀尖圆弧半径0.2mm。     

基于AdvantEdge仿真的刀具几何参数对钛合金Ti6Al4V切削力的影响研究

利用切削仿真软件Advant Edge对高速切削Ti6Al4V切削过程进行有限元模拟,研究了切削速度为200m/min、切削深度为0.085mm时刀具几何参数(前角γ_o、后角α_o、钝圆半径r_ε)对切削力的影响。通过分析计算求得切削力随刀具几何参数变化的一阶响应面数学模型,实现了利用刀具几何参数对切削力的预测,并通过误差计算和方差分析证明了预测模型的有效性。研究发现,在给定的参数变化范围内,刀具几何参数对_影响作用的大小顺序为前角γ_o钝圆半径r_ε后角α_o;对F_z影响作用的大小顺序为钝圆半径rε前角γ_o后角α_o。     

Finite element optimization of diamond tool geometry and cutting-process parameters based on surface residual stresses

In this paper, a coupled thermo-mechanical plane-strain large-deformation orthogonal cutting FE model is proposed on the basis of updated Lagrangian formulation to simulate diamond turning. In order to consider the effects of a diamond cutting tool’s edge radius, rezoning technology is integrated into this FE based model. The flow stress of the workpiece is modeled as a function of strain, strain rate, and temperature, so as to reflect its dynamic changes in physical properties. In this way, the influences of cutting-edge radius, rake angle, clearance angle, depth of cut, and cutting velocity on the residual stresses of machined surface are analyzed by FE simulation. The simulated results indicate that a rake angle of about 10° and a clearance angle of 6° are the optimal geometry for a diamond tool to machine ductile materials. Also, the smaller the cutting edge radius is, the less the residual stresses become. However, a great value can be selected for cutting velocity. For depth of cut, the ‘size effect’ will be dependent upon it. Residual stresses will be reduced with the decrement of depth of cut, but when the depth of cut is smaller than the critical depth of cut (i.e., about 0.5 μm according to this work) residual stresses will decrease accordingly.     

SiCp/Al复合材料加工边缘断裂特性分析

应用线弹性断裂力学有限元法计算了SiCp/Al复合材料加工边缘的应力强度因子,定量地表征了工件边缘材料的断裂特性。建立了棱边缺陷形成的力学模型和数学模型。根据断口微观结构特征得出:裂纹的萌生扩展是棱边缺陷形成的主要原因。统计分析了棱边缺陷体积与切削力的二次回归数学模型,获得了棱边缺陷体积随切削力的增加呈非线性单调递增的特性。     

Drilling characteristics of SiCp/Al composites with electroplated diamond drills

SiCp/Al composites are extensively used in aerospace, automotive, and civil applications, and the machining characteristic of SiCp/Al composites is an issue of great economic impact. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the drilling characteristics during machining of SiCp/Al composites with electroplated diamond drills; the drilling characteristics were evaluated in terms of drilling forces, tool wear, surface roughness, and entrance edge quality. Due to the very different machining properties between the SiC particles and Al alloy matrix, in a broader sense, the edge defect is defined as an undesirable effect generated at the edge of a workpiece after the machining process. The results demonstrate that with the increase of the drilling speed, both the thrust force and torques have no significant increase, while the surface roughness increased quickly. In addition, it is found that the formation of the entrance edge defects was associated with the varying of the drilling force and the electroplated diamond drills were subjected to an extremely rapid flank wear. The primary wear mechanism includes abrasive and adhesive wear of the flank face.     

微织构(W,Mo)C基刀具和YG8刀具对钛合金干切削性能的影响

刀具切削钛合金时存在切削温度高、单位面积上切削力大等问题,微织构刀具可以有效减小摩擦力,减小切削力。通过正交实验法设计微织构参数,研究微织构参数对Al 2O 3/La 2O 3/(W,Mo)C无黏结相硬质合金刀具以及YG8刀具切削钛合金实验的切削性能影响。实验结果表明,合适参数的沟槽型微织构能有效降低Al 2O 3/La 2O 3/(W,Mo)C无黏结相硬质合金刀具和YG8刀具切削TC4钛合金的切削力,相同沟槽参数下,无黏结相硬质合金刀具的切削力明显低于YG8刀具的切削力;合适参数的沟槽型微织构能有效降低刀具刀屑界面的摩擦系数,相同沟槽参数下,无黏结相硬质合金刀具的摩擦系数大都低于YG8刀具的摩擦系数;沟槽深度10μm、沟槽间距100μm以及沟槽宽度30μm的沟槽参数下,切削钛合金时,无黏结相硬质合金刀具前刀面无明显磨损,后刀面只有边界磨损,YG8刀具发生崩刃,前刀面出现切屑的滞留。     

前刀面槽型结构对D型刀片车削球墨铸铁性能的影响

通过切削力、磨损和冲击切削试验,研究了前刀面槽型结构对D型刀片车削球墨铸铁切削性能的影响。试验结果显示,刀具的第一前角对切削力的影响最大;在10°~15°范围内,刀具前角越大,切削力越低;棱带宽度大的刀片具有更加优异的耐磨损性能;具有正刃倾角的刀片显示出更优异的耐冲击性能。     

SiCp/Al复合材料钻削加工的有限元和试验研究

为了研究碳化硅颗粒增强铝基(SiCp/Al)复合材料钻削加工的棱边缺陷,通过对工件和钻头进行二维简化建模以及对工件的网格划分,利用ABAQUS/Explicit中的动力显示模块进行钻削模拟。通过改变每齿进给量fy观察复合材料的棱边缺陷,并对仿真结果进行分析,同时和试验结果进行对比。结果表明:工件的棱边缺陷的大小随着进给量的大小而呈线性变化,此结果与试验结果大体一致。该研究可为进一步研究碳化硅铝基(SiCp/Al)复合材料的棱边缺陷提供理论依据。     

A slip-line approach to the machining with rounded-edge tool

In this paper, a new slip-line model approach for modeling the orthogonal cutting process with rounded-edge tools and its associated hodograph are proposed. This model consists of eight regions, which include a dead region in front of the rake face of tool. Dewhurst and Collins’s matrix technique for numerically solving the slip-line problem is employed in the mathematical formulation of the new model. The experimental results show that a small dead region is seen in front of the rake face of tool during cutting with a rounded-edge cutting tool. The unknown slip-line angle pair was solved depending on the force data obtained experimentally and variation of the subregions with cutting edge radius was determined. Cutting force, thrust force, and dead zone grow as cutting edge radius increases in cutting edge-radiused tools.     

颗粒增强铝复合材料切削力特性研究

通过SiCp／2024铝复合材料的车削试验,阐述了刀具材料、切削用量(v0、f、αp)及颗粒增强相SiCp含量、粒度等因素对切削力的影响规律,发现了当增强相体积分数V1约为17％～18％以上时,用K类硬质合金刀具切削会出现切深分力Fp、进给分力F1大于主切削力Fe的现象,且SiCp含量越高差值越大,并提出用切削力系数K表述这一现象。认为K类硬磕合金可用于粗加工、半精加工,且加工表面会出现“熨平”现象。从切削力这一因素来看,PCD是精加工颗粒增强铝复合材料的最佳刀具材料。     

SiC_p/Al复合材料高速铣削工艺过程参量预测模糊专家系统研究

使用聚晶金刚石(PCD)刀具在600-1200m/min切削速度范围内对SiCp/2009Al复合材料进行高速铣削试验。对刀具耐用度、表面粗糙度、切削力、切削温度等工艺参量进行了测量。运用VC++及WXCLIPS软件开发了一套具有自学习功能的模糊专家系统,对SiCP/2009Al复合材料高速铣削加工中的上述工艺参量进行预测。经验证,预测结果与试验结果有很好的一致性。     

基于铣削力精确建模的工件表面让刀误差预测分析

航空航天制造业结构件的高速铣削加工中,在切削力作用下由整体铣削刀具挠度变形所引起的工件表面让刀误差,严重制约零件的加工精度和效率。针对这一问题,通过建立铣削力精确预测模型,结合刀具刚度特点,对工件让刀误差进行预测分析。将切削速度和刀具前角对切削力的影响规律引入二维直角单位切削力预测模型,并通过试验进行相关系数标定。借助等效前角将直角切削力预测系数应用到斜角切削力的预测,通过矢量叠加构建整体刀具三维切削力模型。分析刀具挠度变形对铣削层厚度及铣削接触中心角范围影响规律。基于离散化的刀具模型和切削力模型,建立铣削载荷条件下刀具等效直径悬臂梁模型弯曲变形计算方法。构建以刀具变形对铣削过程影响作用规律为反馈的刚性工件表面让刀误差及切削力柔性预测模型,通过整体铣刀铣削试验验证所建立理论模型的预测精度。     

Finite element analysis of the influence of tool edge radius on size effect in orthogonal micro-cutting process

The size effect in metal cutting is evident in the nonlinear scaling phenomenon observed in the specific cutting energy with decrease in uncut chip thickness. It has been argued by many researchers that this scaling phenomenon is caused mainly by the cutting tool edge radius, which purportedly affects the micro-cutting process by altering the effective rake angle, enhancing the plowing effect or introducing an indenting force component. However, the phenomenological reasons why the tool edge radius causes size effect and the relationship between the tool edge radius and the characteristic length scale associated with the size effect in micro-cutting has not been sufficiently clarified. In this paper, a strain gradient plasticity-based finite element model of orthogonal micro-cutting of Al5083-H116 alloy developed recently is used to examine fundamentally the influence of tool edge radius on size effect. The applicability of two length scales—tool edge radius and the material length scale l in strain gradient plasticity—are also examined via analysis of data available in the literature.     

轨道车辆切削式吸能装置吸能特性研究

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针对利用金属薄壁结构轴向切削过程吸收能量的吸能装置,采用多元线性回归分析的方法,建立了吸能装置切削吸能过程的界面力稳定值、能量预测模型。采用方差分析的方法对该模型的回归方程和系数进行了显著性检验。研究了刀具前角、切屑圆心角、切削深度和切削速度对切削式吸能过程的影响程度。研究结果表明,预测模型的回归方程是显著的,刀具前角和切屑圆心角对界面力稳定值的影响显著,切削深度和切削速度对界面力稳定值的影响不显著;刀具前角、切屑圆心角和切削深度对吸能的影响显著,切削速度对吸能的影响不显著。