夹套压力容器内筒环缝选择与水压试验方法

夹套容器是压力容器制造中常见的一类容器,一般夹套容器需进行三次试压,即内筒组对焊接完毕后、夹套组焊完毕后和设备整体组焊完毕后。由于夹套容器特殊的结构,夹套内筒环缝不宜采用内坡口,且设备各管口在夹套组焊完毕前不宜开孔组对,这就导致夹套容器的试压不同于其他一般容器。本文分析了一种夹套容器实际制作过程中内筒环缝形式的选择,并对水压试验方法及顺序进行了优化,改进了此类容器的制作工序。     

夹套容器结构设计

综合叙述各种夹套和筒体连接结构形式、特点及其夹套强度设计,结构设计规律可寻,根据具体工艺要求及工况条件,就夹套容器设计结构形式进行分析从而做出合理选择,夹套容器传热效率高,设备制造难度小,工期短,广泛应用于石油、化工等行业。     

化工生产中夹套容器内筒加强结构的设计

对于夹套内介质压力较高,内筒所受设计外压值较大的夹套容器,按常规加强圈的设计方法,内筒与夹套的间隙空间不能布置下满足设计所需要的加强圈,而且加强圈数量又很多,无法保证夹套内介质的流通顺畅,影响生产操作。对以上情况进行几种夹套容器内筒加强结构的探讨。探讨各种夹套容器夹套形式的优缺点。     

夹套容器的结构设计

本文介绍了各种夹套容器的形式,对光滑圆筒夹套与半圆管夹套在强度、刚度、传热效率及制造方面进行了对比。当压力较高或者器较大时,半圆智夹套有着明显的优点,其耗用材料可减少60％以上。尤其是在不锈钢、铝、镍等贵重金属的夹套容器的设计中,应采用半圆管夹套,以减少设备成本。     

夹套容器封闭件的设计与制造

探讨夹套容器封闭件的结构设计,分析其制造工艺,寻找夹套容器封闭件设计与制造之间的关系以进一步完善GB150-1998《钢制压力容器》中关于夹套容器的设计内容,设计出更经济、合理的夹套容器。     

带夹套容器设计参数的确定

论述了带夹套容器中内筒及夹套设计参数的选取,对带夹套容器设计中的几个常见问题进行了分析。     

半管夹套容器的设计计算

对半管式夹套容器的计算原理进行推导,给出了半管夹套容器的通用计算方法,并可用于HG/T20582-2011第3章适用范围之外的半管式夹套容器的计算。     

U型夹套容器封口锥的设计

U型夹套容器是工程实际中应用最为广泛的整体夹套容器,但我国现行的有关标准或规范中对U型夹套容器与内容器的封闭部位只有结构设计的相关规定,而没有具体的强度计算说明,导致U型夹套容器与内容器的封闭部位设计常常被许多工程技术人员忽视。以U型夹套容器封口锥的设计为例,简介封口锥的材料选择及结构设计,对带圆弧过渡和不带圆弧过渡2种不同封口锥结构的焊接接头设计、几何尺寸设计等进行详细说明,期望能为广大工程技术人员就夹套与内容器封闭部位的设计提供一些参考。     

压力容器外压内试的正确理解

通过对外压容器特别是带夹套容器的特征理论分析及计算软件形式分析,对标准的内容提出了正确的理解,有利于实际工作的展开,在制造容器过程中可以节约成本。     

不同整体夹套封闭件的应力分析

夹套容器常用的结构为整体夹套,而整体夹套又分为U型夹套与圆筒型夹套。针对两种整体夹套类型的不同封闭件结构,利用ANSYS软件对其进行应力分析与比较,探讨其受力状况与应用时的优缺点,从而对夹套容器的设计起到一定的指导意义。     

铜材退火罐热量回收利用装置传热分析

对某厂铜件退火罐,利用风冷夹套回收其余热用于木材干燥。采用ANSYS 14．0软件模拟了风冷夹套中的流场、温度场和压力场,并根据工程实际对进气口数量进行了优化。结果表明,进气口数量的改变不仅改变了流动阻力而且影响传热效果。当进气口数量为7时,退火罐出气口空气温度适宜用于干燥木材并且取热效果良好。     

浅谈夹套封闭件的设计制造要点

夹套容器是石油化工等装置中应用广泛的设备,其中夹套封闭件是设备的关键受压元件,目前夹套封闭件通常是按照GB 150-2011设计、制造.本文通过对各种夹套封闭件应用范围的分析,并与ASME Ⅷ-1（2010＋2011增补）进行对比,指出GB150-2011中尚有待完善之处,并提出夹套封闭件设计、制造时的注意要点,以供业内同行参考.     

蜂窝夹套的焊接工艺评定及爆破试验研究

简要介绍了有关蜂窝夹套容器焊接工艺评定及爆破试验 ,阐述了如何制订合理的工艺方法和参数 ,来实现设计结构强度和标准的要求     

新型全流通夹套结构聚合釜开发与应用

根据原有70 m3PVC聚合釜的冷模与热模传热性能和搅拌性能测试和分析,提出了新型全流通半圆管夹套结构。夹套的传热面积增加14 m2。通过现场传热测试,在保证聚合釜容积不变的条件下,单釜的生产能力可提高30%以上。新开发的100 m3全流通内夹套PVC聚合釜是适应于PVC悬浮法生产工艺的设备,通过对其结构特点、有限元应力分析、传热分析、搅拌模拟试验、流场分析等研究,开发了拥有自主知识产权的大型聚合釜。     

带夹套容器的传热设计

介绍带夹套容器的传热设计方法及关联式。     

双氧水装置中工作液配制釜的优化设计

从双氧水生产过程中配制釜的操作工况出发,对配制釜的搅拌系统、减速箱输出轴联轴节、搅拌器以及夹套换热等进行了较为详细的优化设计,优化后的配制釜已在实际生产中获得应用,并取得较好的使用效果。     

105m~3氯乙烯悬浮聚合釜传热性能研究

介绍了上海森松压力容器有限公司生产的105 m3氯乙烯悬浮聚合釜,该釜采用全流通螺旋内夹套结构,与传统的外夹套相比,釜内壁厚减少50%以上,传热热阻降低约50%,传热系数提高一倍多.经新疆天业(集团)有限公司40万t/a PVC工程生产考核,该釜具有传热能力和生产强度高、搅拌装置效果良好,安全可靠的特点,可用于大规模PVC树脂的生产.     

Laminar Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics in Jackets of Triangular Flow Channels

Laminar flow and heat transfer characteristics of jacketed vessel with triangular flow channels were numerically studied under hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed conditions. Constant heat flux at theheated wall was assumed. The numerical program code interms of vorticity, stream function, axial velocity com ponent and energy equations was written based on a finite volume method. Based on the numerical results, the flow and temperature field were given, and the effects of Dean and Prandtl numbers on flow and heat transfer were ex amined, and the correlations of flow resistance and mean Nusselt number were developed for the jacket. The results show that the structure of secondary flow is steady two vortices in the investigated range of dimensionless curvatureratio and Reynolds number. Two peaks of local Nusselt number increase significantly with Prandtl and Dean num ber increasing, but the local Nusselt numbers near two ends and at the center of the heated wall increase only slightly. The center and two ends of heated wall are the poor positions for heat transfer in the jacket. Compared with the outer half coil jacket at the same area of heated wall, curvature radius, Reynolds number and Prandtl number, e jacket of triangular flow chmnel has lower flow resistance and less mean Nusselt number.     

MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL AND DYNAMIC OPERABILITY STUDIES IN A STIRRED TANK: RAPID TEMPERATURE CYCLING FOR CRYSTALLIZATION

A stirred-tank reactor was built with the objective of rapid and accurate temperature control in the reaction vessel. A first-principles heat transfer model was developed for the jacketed batch system, with the jacket inlet temperature used to control the vessel temperature. A model predictive controller was implemented to follow a rapidly changing temperature profile that cycled between steep heating and cooling motifs, and it was tested experimentally at progressively shorter temperature cycles. For a water-solvent-water-jacket system, a cycle consisting of increasing and decreasing the temperature by 15°C over a period of 20 min was achieved in practice. The performance of the MPC controller was explained by calculating the dynamic operability characteristics of the process.     

A general simulation model of batch chemical reactors for thermal control investigations

This paper describes the development of a dynamic simulation model for stirred tank batch or semi-batch chemical reactors fitted with an alternative heating-cooling system. Heat and mass balances are established for the reactor and its jacket. Since the general purpose of our research is the thermal control of these reactors, special attention is devoted to the behaviour of the heating-cooling system. In this article, we are particularly concerned with an alternative system, i.e. different fluids at a constant temperature can be alternatively delivered to the jacket. The computer simulation programme is flexible, enabling simulation of a batch or semi-batch reaction vessel, ranging from a laboratory pilot plant to a full-scale production plant. A control algorithm is included which allows reactor operation with open or closed-loop temperature control. To demonstrate the good performance of the simulation model, experimental results are presented for both a pilot plant and an industrial reactor.