2-(啞心)唑啉化合物的合成及其在聚合物中的应用

综述了近年来2-(啞心)唑啉化合物在合成领域的研究进展,主要介绍了β-氨基醇与羧酸或羧酸酯反应,酰胺环化反应,以腈类化合物为原料反应等合成方法.总结了2-(啞心)唑啉化合物在聚合物改性方面的应用进展,并预测了2-(啞心)唑啉化合物的合成与应用发展趋势.     

由联芳基羧酸合成联芳基噁唑啉的方法

1951年,美国一篇专利说明可以由乙酸和氨基乙醇类化合物缩合成噁唑啉环,引起了科学工作者的广泛探索,相继有一些利用这类反应制备噁唑啉环的报道。联芳基噁唑啉也可以由联芳基羧酸与氨基醇经过关环合成得到。主要讲述了近年来以联芳基羧酸和手性氨基醇为原料合成联芳基噁唑啉的一系列报道的方法。     

由单芳基噁唑啉合成轴手性联芳基噁唑啉的方法

早在二十世纪初,具有光学活性的联芳基化合物已经被开发出来,一种新型的对映体结构被人们认知。那个时候单一的联芳基类的轴手性化合物较受欢迎,也是用于不对称催化的一类较好的配体。随着现代化学的发展,很多新型的轴手性化合物涌现出来,例如联芳基噁唑啉。联芳基噁唑啉可以由联芳基羧酸与氨基醇经过关环合成得到,也可由单的芳基噁唑啉与芳基化合物偶联得到,本文主要讲述的是由单芳基噁唑啉合成轴手性联芳基噁唑啉的方法。     

双-2-噁唑啉化合物对PET的改性作用研究

用挤出机熔融共混法,比较了2,2′-双(2-噁唑啉),1,4-双(2-噁唑啉)苯和1,3-双(2-噁唑啉)苯3种双噁唑啉化合物与PET端羧基进行偶联反应和封端反应的程度和差别;并考查双噁唑啉助剂加入量,挤出温度与时间,后热处理对扩链效果的影响,以及研究扩链后PET的热失重、水解稳定性,力学性能及~(13)C～NMR分析。结果表明,经噁唑啉化合物扩链的PET增进了热稳定性和耐水解性,提高玻纤增强PET的力学性能。     

2-苯基-3,5-二(4-吡啶基)异噁唑啉的合成及生物活性的研究

以硝基苯为起始原料,经还原生成苯基羟胺、再与4-吡啶甲醛反应生成硝酮、与4-乙烯基吡啶发生1,3-偶极环加成反应等3个步骤合成得到未见文献报道的新型四氢异噁唑啉化合物2-苯基-3,5-二(4-吡啶基)异噁唑啉。通过IR、1 HNMR、13 CNMR、HRMS等对该化合物的结构进行了表征。确定优化的1,3-偶极环加成反应条件为:反应温度75℃、溶剂为DMF。并对合成的新型四氢异噁唑啉化合物进行了生物活性测试,发现该化合物对10种病菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,尤其是对苹果轮纹的防效最高,达到了72.9%。表明,2-苯基-3,5-二(4-吡啶基)异啉啉具有一定的生物活性。     

2-噁唑啉化合物的合成及应用

本文介绍了2-噁唑啉化合物的合成方法和应用现状。     

新型塑料助剂——2—噁唑啉化合物的合成与应用

本文介绍了一种新型塑料助剂2-噁唑啉化合物的合成方法及应用领域。该类化合物由于有活性基团,能在混炼时与缩聚系聚合物反应可以起扩链效果,增加塑料的相容性,改善塑料的机械性能,具有广泛的应用前景。     

一种4，4′－联苯取代手性双噁唑啉配体的合成

手性双噁唑啉配体在不对称催化反应中有着广泛的应用。合成不同取代基结构的手性双噁唑啉配体对于系统地研究空间效应对反应的对映选择性的影响具有重要作用。本文报道了以商业易得的手性源试剂 D－2－（对羟苯基）甘氨酸为原料,经过关键的Suzuki偶联以及Zn（OTf）2催化手性氨基醇与丙二腈化合物的缩合环化反应,得4,4′－联苯取代手性双噁唑啉配体,总收率34．2％。该方法提供了一条快速便捷的途径来合成4,4′－联苯类手性双恶唑啉配体。     

一步合成C_2型轴对称手性双唑啉的方法

报道了一步合成C2型轴对称手性双噁唑啉的方法。二甘醇酸与手性2-氨基-1-丁醇或L-苯丙氨醇在甲苯中回流脱水23 h,一步反应合成了(R)-或(S)-1,5-双-[2-′(4′-乙基噁唑啉)]甲醚和(S)-1,5-双-[2-′(4′-苄基噁唑啉)]甲醚,产率为91.8%~98.4%。     

高效合成光学活性噁唑啉-2-酮

手性噁唑啉-2-酮类化合物是不对称有机合成中应用最广泛的手性辅基之一。通常以光学活性的氨基酸为起始原料,经过羧基的还原、一碳基团酰化、环化等单元反应合成该类化合物。由于制备该类化合物过程中涉及到的试剂价格昂贵、工艺要求较高、产物分离较复杂等原因,手性噁唑啉-2-酮的价格一直相当昂贵。上海有机化学研究所开发了一条新的合成路线,使用的试剂价廉易得且使用方便,每一环节都有明显优势,成本大幅度降低,具有较好的发展前景。     

Peptide-Mimicking Poly(2-oxazoline)s Displaying Potent Antimicrobial Properties

Poly(2-oxazoline)s have excellent biocompatibility and have been used as FDA-approved indirect food additives. The inert property of the hydrophilic poly(2-oxazoline)s suggests them as promising substitutes for poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in various applications such as anti-biofouling agents. It was recently reported that poly(2-oxazoline)s themselves have antimicrobial properties as synthetic mimics of host defense peptides. These studies revealed the bioactive properties of poly(2-oxazoline)s as a new class of functional peptide mimics, by mimicking host defense peptides to display potent and selective antimicrobial activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus both in vitro and in vivo, without concerns about antimicrobial resistance. The high structural diversity, facile synthesis, and potent and tunable antimicrobial properties underscore the great potential of poly(2-oxazoline)s as a class of novel antimicrobial agents in dealing with drug-resistant microbial infections and antimicrobial resistance.     

介孔分子筛改性及在吸附脱硫中的应用

介孔分子筛由于具有较大的比表面积、孔容、孔径等优点使得其在吸附分离等领域得到了广泛的应用。本文综述了介孔分子筛改性的不同方法,包括嵌入法、负载法,以及有机-无机杂化介孔材料的制备等。对介孔分子筛在吸附脱硫方面的最新研究进展进行了总结,包括对燃料油、天然气、煤气中硫化物的吸附脱除,以及H2S、SO2等大气污染物的吸附脱除。同时对介孔分子筛的改性及发展前景进行了展望,合成新型有机-无机杂化介孔材料并将其应用于吸附等领域是未来发展的主要趋势。     

Synthesis of polymeric nano/microgels: a review

Nanogels have become an important topic of interdisciplinary research, especially in the fields of polymer chemistry, physics, materials science, pharmacy, and medicine where their small dimensions prove highly advantageous. One of the most important areas of research and development concerning these gels is in drug delivery applications. Nanogels could potentially revolutionize conventional therapy and diagnostic methods because of their superior effectiveness over their macro-sized counterparts in almost all therapeutic areas. Current strong interests in this class of material have driven many studies to discover novel production methods and new areas of application in this area. Therefore, it is important to keep abreast of the development of these gels. In this review, we aim to cover the basic aspects of organic nanogels including their definition, classification, and synthesis methods.     

超支化不饱和聚合物的合成及应用

介绍了超支化不饱和聚合物的合成方法,包括缩聚法、开环聚合法、加成法等,总结了超支化不饱和聚合物在共混改性、涂料基料、医药辅料和纳米材料等方面的应用。     

Development of a new azido-oxazoline monomer for the preparation of amphiphilic graft copolymers by combination of cationic ring-opening polymerization and click chemistry

A new monomer (2-(5-azidopentyl)-2-oxazoline) bearing an azido group was synthesized. The cationic ring-opening copolymerization of this monomer with 2-methyl-2-oxazoline resulted in a well-defined linear polymer backbone with pendant azido groups. Alkynyl-poly(d,l-lactide) was grafted onto the azido groups of poly(oxazoline) via a Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction to give a novel amphiphilic graft copolymer [poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline-co-2-pentyl-2-oxazoline)-g-poly(d,l-lactide)] (P[(MeOx-co-PentOx)-g-LA]). Different graft copolymers were prepared with PLA of different lengths. Preliminary results of the self-association of this copolymer in water indicated the formation of nanoparticles, which suggests this copolymer may have applications as vehicles for drug delivery.     

聚酰胺-胺树枝状大分子的研究进展

聚酰胺-胺（PAMAM）是一种新型树枝状大分子,其改性和应用是目前研究的热点。PAMAM已在多个领域显示出良好的应用前景。本文综述了PAMAM在生物医药、表i面活性剂、催化剂、光电材料、分子自组装、纳米材料、水处理等方面所取得的成果。     

Functional polymers and sequential copolymers by phase transfer catalysis

Summary Two new synthetic methods for the preparation of functional polymers containing 2-oxazoline pendant groups are presented. The first one consists on the phase transfer catalyzed etherification of 2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxazoline with a mixture of m- and p-chloromethylstyrene to provide, after separation, m- and p-vinylbenzyl ethers of 2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxazoline. Both monomers can be polymerized by a radical mechanism to provide polystyrene containing 2-oxazoline pendant groups. The second method represents a phase transfer catalyzed etherification of a poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) containing pendant bromomethyl groups with 2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxazoline. Incomplete etherification of the bromobenzyl groups in this case, leads to the first example of a functional polymer containing not only cationically polymerizable heterocycles, but also their own cationic initiator as pendant groups.     

Recent development in thermoplastic/wood composites and nanocomposites: A review

Thermoplastic composites filled with wood-base fillers have gained increasing attention, because compared to virgin polymers they have many advantages of light weight, high strength and stiffness, low cost, biodegradability and renewability. These advantages let them find a large dispersal in many areas of technical applications. However, poor interfacial interaction between hydrophilic wood-base fillers and hydrophobic polymer matrices should be improved to get reasonable physical properties for their wide applications. The interfacial interaction could be improved by addition of coupling agents and chemical modifications of wood-base fillers. To improve physical properties of the thermoplastic/wood composites, further nanofillers can be incorporated. This review summarizes recent developments in thermoplastic/wood composites and deals with wood-base fillers for thermoplastics, various interface modification methods and various thermoplastic/wood composites as well as nanocomposites. This review can provide reasonable future perspectives in this research area and stimulate development of new innovative thermoplastic/wood composites as well as nanocomposites.     

Amphiphilic segmented polymer networks based on poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline) and poly(methyl methacrylate)

Amphiphilic segmented polymer networks (SPNs) have been prepared by free radical copolymerization of methyl methacrylate with α,ω-bisacrylate terminated poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline). DSC and DMTA analysis demonstrated the influence of the copolymer composition, the molecular weight and nature of the poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s and the polymerization conditions on the final phase morphology of the networks. A comparative phase morphology study of the polymer blends and SPNs revealed the more compatible phase morphology of the networks. The compatibility could be further increased by UV-induced network formation. The investigation of the solvent uptake in different solvents clearly demonstrated the amphiphilic nature of the SPNs.