国内有关塑料助剂合成与应用的文献题录

正均相催化六氢苯酐与C_(10)支链醇制备环保增塑剂及其性能中国塑料,2016,30(2):88-93WWP系列稀土复合稳定剂的优点及其在PVC管件及型材中的应用稀土化合物与应用,2016,9(1):1-6硬脂酸镧/己二酸钙/己二酸锌复合热稳定剂对聚氯乙烯性能的影响稀土化合物与应用,2016,9(1):12-15己二酸锌钙皂-纳米氧化铈/氧化镧对PVC/ASA的热稳定作用中国塑料,2016,30(1):104-108硅镁复合氧化物对膨胀阻燃聚丙烯体系的协效作用塑料,2016,45(1):56-59P-N膨胀阻燃剂化学阻燃尼龙66树脂     

硬脂酸镧/己二酸钙/己二酸锌复合热稳定剂对聚氯乙烯性能的影响

为提高聚氯乙烯加工热稳定剂的功能,合成并复配制成一种新型硬脂酸镧/己二酸钙/己二酸锌复合热稳定剂。利用热重分析仪、平板流变仪、动态力学谱仪等对聚氯乙烯热稳定性（刚果红法）、力学性能、流变性能、动态力学性能等进行了研究。结果表明,当己二酸钙与己二酸锌的质量比为1∶4 时,聚氯乙烯的热稳定时间最长;当加入硬脂酸镧且己二酸钙与己二酸锌的质量比为2∶3时,聚氯乙烯的热稳定时间由原来的86 min提高到135 min,冲击强度提高了30 %;加入硬脂酸镧降低了聚氯乙烯的储能模量、损耗模量和损耗因子。     

含有机氮的钙/锌复合稳定剂在PVC电缆料中的应用

研究了有机氮热稳定剂的制备、常用品种及其对PVC的稳定机理,刚果红试验及热老化试验结果均表明,添加有机氮稳定剂的钙/锌皂复合热稳定剂对PVC电缆料的稳定效果优于未加有机氮稳定剂的钙/锌皂复合热稳定剂.     

含有机氮的钙辟复合稳定剂在PVC电缆料中的应用

研究了有机氮热稳定剂的制备、常用品种及其对PVC的稳定机理,刚果红试验及热老化试验结果均表明,添加有机氮稳定剂的钙/锌皂复合热稳定剂对PVC电缆料的稳定效果优于未加有机氮稳定剂的钙/锌皂复合热稳定剂。     

La2O3/己二酸锌/聚甲基丙烯酸钙对PVC/ACS热稳定性的影响

为提高聚氯乙烯(PVC)/丙烯腈-氯化聚乙烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ACS)复合材料的加工热稳定性,制备了一种新型复合热稳定剂——氧化镧(La2O3)/己二酸锌/聚甲基丙烯酸钙对复合材料改性。用刚果红法研究了复合稳定剂对PVC/ACS热稳定性能的影响;用转矩流变仪、动态力学分析仪、冲击和拉伸试验机测定了不同m(Zn)/m(Ca)时添加La2O3对PVC/ACS试样的塑化行为、耐热性、动态力学和力学性能的影响。结果表明:m(Zn)/m(Ca)一定,添加La2O3后,复合材料的热稳定时间延长,玻璃化转变温度、力学性能均有所提高。当La2O3/己二酸锌/聚甲基丙烯酸钙的质量比为10∶6∶9时热稳定时间最长,达215 min。     

复合钙/锌热稳定剂中的辅助热稳定剂

正辅助热稳定剂是一种特殊的热稳定剂,其特点是单独使用时热稳定作用甚微,但与金属皂类或有机锡类稳定剂并用时会产生协同作用,有效提高金属皂类或有机锡类稳定剂的使用效率,常见的钙/锌复合热稳定剂用的辅助热稳定剂有多元醇类、亚磷酸酯类、环氧类化合物、β-二酮化合物以及水滑石、沸石等。本文总结并论述了常见辅助稳定剂在聚氯乙烯(PVC)加工体系中对钙/锌稳定剂作用与影响。1钙/锌复合热稳定剂     

稀土类PVC热稳定剂——镧、铈、镨盐的性能研究

以锌皂分别掺杂稀土类镧、铈、镨盐为复合热稳定剂,制备了聚氯乙烯(PVC)共混物。通过热老化测试、白度测试、电导率测试和热重分析,研究了镧、铈、镨盐对PVC热稳定性能的影响,同时考察了辅助热稳定剂亚磷酸酯、β-二酮和环氧大豆油与稀土类稳定剂的协同效应。结果表明:镧、铈、镨盐均具有初期抗锌烧能力和长期热稳定性,其中镧盐的抗锌烧性能优于铈、镨盐;镧盐可以与辅助热稳定剂形成络合物,络合能力的差异表现出不同的协同热稳定效果,其中镧盐与亚磷酸酯的协同效应较为显著。     

硬质PVC用新型钙/锌复合热稳定剂的研究

采用变色法对硬质聚氯乙烯(PVC)用钙/锌复合热稳定剂的主体、有机辅助稳定剂、功能助剂之间的协同作用进行了研究,得到了硬质PVC用新型高效钙/锌复合热稳定剂的实用配方,并与4种市售稳定剂进行了静态、动态热稳定性比较。结果表明,材料的初期色泽和长期热稳定性主要决定于硬脂酸钙与硬脂酸锌的比例,调整比例可以使其性能有一定程度的改善;钙和锌的硬脂酸盐180 ℃一同预热5 min后,协同作用得到增强;该复合热稳定剂塑化流变性理想,可以在不改变加工工艺及配方的条件下等量替代其他几种热稳定剂;动态热稳定时间约30 min,与进口钙锌稳定剂相近。     

姜黄素作为PVC热稳定剂的应用研究

采用刚果红法和红外光谱分析研究了姜黄素对聚氯乙烯（PVC）的热稳定作用,并与常用的热稳定助剂进行复配。以市售铅盐和钙/锌复合稳定剂为对比组,利用转矩流变仪、电子万能试验机等研究了复合体系的流变性能和力学性能。结果表明,3份姜黄素添加到100份PVC的静态热稳定时间为14 min;姜黄素可缓解PVC的氧化降解;姜黄素与月桂酸镧、硬脂酸钙存在明显的协同效应,复配比例约为1:0.8:0.5时静态及动态热稳定时间为50、47 min;其流变性能和力学性能与添加铅盐（添加量均为3份）基本一致,优于钙/锌复合稳定剂,其中动态热稳定时间远高于两者。     

硬质PVC用新型苹果酸稀土复合热稳定剂的研究

合成了苹果酸镧、苹果酸铈、苹果酸钕稀土稳定剂,分别与硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸钙、季戊四醇复配得到了硬质聚氯乙烯(PVC)用新型苹果酸稀土复合热稳定剂。利用刚果红法、转矩流变仪、动态力学谱仪等对PVC热稳定性、流变性能、力学性能等进行了研究。结果表明:最优配方为PVC 100份,硬脂酸锌0.8份、季戊四醇3.2份、苹果酸镧(铈/钕)0.8份、硬脂酸钙0.3份;稀土复合热稳定剂具有良好的热稳定性,静态和动态热稳定时间都约为60 min;复合稀土体系力学性能与铅盐体系相当,但加工性能优于铅盐体系。     

Toughness,dynamic mechanical property,and morphology of polyvinylchloride/acrylonitrile‐styrene‐butyl acrylate blends

Acrylonitrile‐styrene‐butyl acrylate (ASA) graft copolymers with different acrylonitrile (AN) contents, the core‐shell ratio, and tert‐dodecyl mercaptan (TDDM) amounts were synthesized by seed emulsion polymerization. Polyvinylchloride (PVC)/ASA blends were prepared by melt blending ASA graft copolymers with PVC resin. Then the toughness, dynamic mechanical property, and morphology of the PVC/ASA blends were investigated. The results indicated that the impact strength of the PVC/ASA blends increased and then decreased with the increase of the AN content in poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymer, and increased with the increase of the core‐shell ratio of ASA. It was shown that brittle‐ductile transition of PVC/ASA blends was dependent on poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) rubber content in blends and independent of AN content in SAN copolymer. The introduction of TDDM made the toughness of PVC/ASA blends poor. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) curves exhibited that PVC and SAN copolymers were immiscible over the entire AN composition range. From scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was found that the dispersion of ASA in PVC/ASA blends was dependent on the AN content in SAN copolymer and TDDM amounts. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 22:43–50, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate particles with different acrylonitrile contents for improving the toughness of poly(vinyl chloride) resin

Poly(butyl acrylate) grafted styrene and acrylonitrile copolymer (PBA-g-SAN, ASA) with core–shell structures were prepared by emulsion polymerization technology to improve the toughness of the poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The mechanical properties of the PVC/ASA blends were investigated. The notch impact strength of the PVC/ASA blend could reach 1200 J/m when the 13 phr ASA was added to the PVC. This was several times more than pure PVC resin. Scanning electron microscopy analysis results indicated that the improvement in impact strength of the PVC/ASA blend was attributed to shear yielding induced by ASA particles. Additionally, subtle changes in the ratio of monomers in the shell layer led to significant fluctuations in the mechanical properties of the composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the intermolecular interaction forces between ASA particles and PVC resins played a key role in improving the toughness of PVC/ASA blend.     

ABS／PVC／NBR三元共混合金的研究

系统研究了ABS／PVC／NBR三元合金的组成与各项性能之间的关系。研究结果表明，NBR与PVC／ABS共混，能显著改变PVC／ABS合金的各项性能。     

有机锡热稳定剂对TPU/PVC共混体系脱氯化氢的影响

主要研究了用刚果红法测有机锡热稳定剂对热塑性聚氨酯,聚氯乙烯共混物的脱氯化氢的影响。重点探索热塑性聚氨酯在不同有机锡稳定剂作用下对共混物脱氯化氢的影响,同时还比较了硫醇和非硫醇两大有机锡体系的稳定作用。此外,还探索了有机锡与金属皂稳定剂和环氧大豆油并用对共混物的作用。研究结果表明：在共混体系中,热塑性聚氨酯在聚氯乙烯脱氯化氢过程中不仅起简单的稀释作用,还能促进聚氯乙烯分解。热稳定剂有效地抑制共混物中聚氯乙烯脱氯化氢的速度,在所选的三种有机锡稳定剂当中,硫醇系要好于非硫醇系。以395A和T-137作用效果最好。DBTL和CaSt2、环氧大豆油复合,都具有协同作用。     

Miscibility of C60-end-capped poly(ethylene oxide) with poly(vinyl chloride)

The miscibility of blends of single [60]fullerene (C₆₀)-end-capped poly(ethylene oxide) (FPEO) or double C₆₀-end-capped poly(ethylene oxide) (FPEOF) with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) has been studied. Similar to poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), both FPEO and FPEOF are also miscible with PVC over the entire composition range. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed the development of a new low-binding-energy Cl2p doublet and a new high-binding-energy O1s peak in FPEO/PVC blends. The results show that the miscibility between FPEO and PVC arises from hydrogen bonding interaction between the α-hydrogen of PVC and the ether oxygen of FPEO. From the melting point depression of PEO, FPEO or FPEOF in the blends, the Flory-Huggins interaction parameters were found to be −0.169, −0.142, −0.093 for PVC/PEO, PVC/FPEO and PVC/FPEOF, respectively, demonstrating that all the three blend systems are miscible in the melt. However, the incorporation of C₆₀ slightly impairs the interaction between PEO and PVC.     

Thermal stability of PVC/chlororubber-20-graft polyblend–styrene–acrylonitrile blends. I

Thermal stability of PVC blends with chlororubber-20-graft polyblend-styrene-acrylonitrile [CR-20gp-SAN (2:1)] was studied by HCI evolution techniques and thermogravimetry under isothermal condition. The thermal stability of PVC/CR-20gp-SAN (2:1) blends has been compared with those of PVC/CR-20 and PVC/KM-365B blends. It has been observed that the thermal stability of modified PVC is less than that of unmodified PVC. The CR-20gp-SAN (2:1) modified PVC blends were found to be more stable than PVC/CR-20 blends but less stable than PVC/KM-365B blends. The rate of degradation in PVC blends were observed to be unaffected by the concentration of the modifiers, but the PVC/KM-365B blends were found to be degrading slower in comparison with PVC/CR-20 and PVC/CR-20gp-SAN (2:1) blends. The rate of degradation for PVC/CR-20 blends at lower concentrations (<10%) of modifiers is almost equal to that of PVC/CR-20-gp-SAN (2:1) blends, but more at higher concentrations of modifiers (>10%). The experimental results have been explained on the basis of the chemical nature of the modifiers and their miscibility with PVC.     

低烟低卤阻燃PVC预分支电缆专用料的研制

研究了1种金属氧化物固溶体与氢氧化铝（ATH）的共混物对聚氯乙烯（PVC）预分支电缆专用料的阻燃性、消烟性、物理机械性能、成型加工性、热稳定性以及HCl释放量的影响。结果表明，该共混物对PVL、具有高效的阻燃、消烟、降卤作用，2份金属氧化物固溶体代替2份氧化锑可达到同样的阻燃消烟降卤效果，且综合性能优良．价格低廉。     

PVC/MBS/埃洛石纳米管复合材料的制备及其性能

采用熔融共混法制备了聚氯乙烯(PVC)/甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(MBS)/埃洛石纳米管(HNTs)三元复合材料,研究了HNTs对PVC/MBS共混体系力学性能、热性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明:HNTs与MBS可协同增韧PVC,使复合材料的强度和刚性得到改善,当HNTs的填充量为3 phr时,PVC/MBS(100/3)共混体系的冲击强度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别提高了57.7%、12.1%、7.6%和45.9%;其冲击断面呈现韧性断裂特征;TEM观察结果发现,HNTs在PVC/MBS共混体系中具有良好的分散状态;热失重分析显示,HNTs对PVC/MBS共混体系热稳定性的提高能起到一定作用。     

Effects of silver nanoparticles on thermal properties of DBSA-doped polyaniline/PVC blends

Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA)-doped polyaniline (PAND) has been synthesized by redoping (PANDR) and aqueous polymerization (PANDA) methods. Silver nanoparticles were incorporated into the PANDR/tetrahydrofuran solution (PANDS) and then mixed with poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) solution to prepare PANDS/PVC nanocomposites. In the present study, effects of silver nanoparticles on thermal properties of PAND/PVC blends have been investigated by employing thermal gravimetric analysis and heat flow microcalorimetry techniques. From these results it has been observed that the thermal stability of blends have increased by increasing the concentration of PAND in blends and nanocomposites. Addition of silver nanoparticles has suppressed the dehydrochlorination process and evolution/degradation of DBSA in PANDS/PVC nanocomposites. Presence of silver nanoparticles in PAND/PVC nanocomposites has reduced the mobility of PANI chains which in turn inhibited the transfer of free radicals formed during degradation of PAND and PVC through inter-chain reactions; hence, degradation process has been slowed down and thermal stability has been improved. Embedment of silver nanoparticles has reduced thermal weight loss corresponding to polymer degradation step and attains lower heat flow level in inert atmosphere for nanocomposites in contrast to those with no nanoparticles, thereby further improving thermal stability of nanocomposites. The heats of oxidation measured for blends and nanocomposites were independent of PAND/PVC blends composition.     

以氧化镁和氧化锌为主稳定剂的PVC的热稳定性和力学性能

用HAAKE流变仪研究了氧化镁／氧化锌稳定体系对聚氯乙烯的动态热稳定性能。结果发现，在氧化镁／氧化锌质量比为2／3的条件下，配合环氧大豆油、硬脂酸钙、无毒亚磷酸酯和有机稳定剂作为辅助稳定剂，其初期着色和热稳定效果都超过了市售钙锌稳定体系，流变性能和动态热稳定特性接近铅盐稳定体系。用这种稳定体系稳定的PVC的力学性能与市售钙锌稳定体系稳定的相当。