聚电解质自组装膜及其固定化酶研究

聚电解质层层自组装是利用分子间的静电、氢键、共价键等相互作用将高分子组装成膜的技术,具有膜组分及厚度可控、操作简便、不需要特殊复杂设备等优点,在医学、生物技术、器件制备、表面改性等诸多领域有着广泛应用。简述了层层自组装成膜驱动力、增长模式、影响因素以及自组装膜制备材料、方法等方面进展;总结了聚电解质自组装膜作为载体固定化酶及其用于生物催化转化的研究与应用进展。     

弱相互作用调控表面活性剂自组装(Ⅰ)——弱相互作用的分类

表面活性剂是依靠分子间的弱相互作用实现自组装的,包括疏水相互作用、氢键作用力、主客体相互作用、静电相互作用、π-π堆积相互作用、金属配位相互作用和电荷转移相互作用等。通过调节分子间的相互作用可以实现对两亲分子自组装的调控,本文介绍了弱相互作用对两亲分子自组装形成有序分子聚集体结构和功能的影响。     

小分子离子自组装制备功能超分子材料

离子自组装是合成功能超分子材料的有力途径,而带相反电荷的小分子离子之间的离子自组装由于具有良好的结构可设计性和功能可调节性,是离子自组装制备功能超分子材料领域的研究热点。本文首先对离子自组装的特点进行了简单的介绍,然后分3类对小分子离子自组装制备功能超分子材料领域进行了综述,主要包括染料与表面活性剂自组装制备功能材料,平面刚性离子自组装制备功能材料以及多金属酸盐离子自组装制备功能材料。目前,小分子离子自组装在组装单元的选择以及材料功能扩展角度已取得了长足的进步,但如何实现利用小分子离子自组装从微观结构到宏观材料的跨度,制备出能在实际生产中应用的功能超分子材料,还有待进一步发展。     

离子型表面活性剂水溶液自组装胶团模型研究

以表面活性剂为模板的仿生合成中,模板的自组装特性是关键环节;利用试验优选合适的表面活性剂用于仿生合成,耗费时间长,成本高。因此,我们从热力学角度出发,考虑了尾基转换自由能、尾基变形自由能、胶团中心-水界面自由能、头基空间相互作用、头基离子间相互作用的影响,建立了单一离子型表面活性剂自组装模型,用于仿生合成过程中优选表面活性剂。利用该模型可直接预测离子型表面活性剂自组装的临界胶团浓度、胶团聚集数和胶团尺寸分布,并用试验数据进行了验证,二者吻合较好。     

基于柔性衬底的功能材料自组装研究

基于柔性衬底的功能材料与器件日益成为电子与材料等领域的研究与应用热点。本文从柔性衬底的表面修饰、功能材料的定位组装与形貌控制等几个方面,针对柔性衬底上功能材料的自组装研究进行了概要介绍。     

高分子材料导热性能影响因素研究进展

介绍了高分子材料导热性能影响因素研究进展，重点阐释了聚合物基体的结构特性（链结构、分子间相互作用、取向、结晶度等）、导热填料（种类、含量、形态、尺寸等）以及制备方法等对高分子材料导热性能的影响。     

胶原蛋白自组装生物功能材料的研究进展

胶原蛋白在体外自组装形成高度有序的网状结构,有利于细胞的黏附、增殖、扩散和迁移,具有良好的生物相容性、优异的力学性能、可生物降解性和弱抗原性。本文首先介绍和分析了胶原蛋白自组装功能材料的4种组装方法,即模板自组装法、原位自组装法、定向自组装法和诱导自组装法和分析的研究现状;比较了4种自组装方法的组装原理和组装特点;然后总结了胶原蛋白自组装生物功能材料作为组织替代材料,靶向给药材料,光、电、声特异传导功能材料在再生医学、基因治疗、药物设计、组织工程、医学影像等领域的应用现状和发展趋势;最后指出了胶原蛋白自组装生物功能材料今后的研究方向,表明胶原蛋白自组装生物功能材料在生物医学领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

聚环氧乙烷和磺酸盐基团接枝聚氨酯的抗血栓协同作用

生物材料表面的血液相溶性主要依赖于它们的物理及化学特性,许多研究者在阴性表面电荷,表面与界面自由能,亲水/疏水性的程度及表面形态学方面进行了表面抗凝血酶原性的改进研究。就此探讨了经接枝的化学变型,血浆的处理,生物抗凝剂的利用及内皮细胞的接种。高分子的表面动力学广泛地影响了它们的抗血栓性。假设了亲水高分子材料是一种好的抗凝血酶原性材料,与主要成分为水的血液相互作用最小。聚环氧乙烷(PEO),作为典型的亲水性高分子材料具有     

德固赛设立纳米科研项目

德固赛设立一项为期 3年旨在开发功能或应用高分子纳米材料的研究项目。 2 0位精通纳米材料、特种高分子和表面界面改性技术的科学家将从事该项目的研究工作 ,同大学和工业专家一起开发高分子材料及其生产工艺。功能高分子材料由于具有良好的传导性、抗擦伤性和耐候性等定制特性 ,比传统塑料更为实用项目组将研究高分子 /纳米材料相互作用以开发基于无机纳米粒子的具有抗擦伤表面的产品 ;利用无机纳米粒子开发具有耐化学品、气体和潮湿 ,又有传导性和抗紫外线功能的高分子聚合物。不同于有机UV抑制剂 ,无机纳米粒子在加工时不会“粉化”或…     

产品开发

正发展异氰酸酯胶囊型自修复高分子材料前途广高分子材料因具有质轻、高强度、耐磨、加工方便等优点,广泛应用于各个领域。但高分子材料在成型加工和使用时内部会产生微裂痕,若不及时修复会扩展成宏观裂缝,影响高分子材料的性能和使用寿命。所以,赋予高分子材料自修复功能实现其内部微裂痕自愈合,预防潜在危害,成为高分子材料领域研发热点。自修复高分子材料目前主要有两大     

Macromolecular and supramolecular chirality: a twist in the polymer tales

Significant advances have been made recently in generating chiral polymer surfaces and materials using a range of methods such as block copolymer self‐assembly, layer‐by‐layer assembly and surface functionalization by polymer brushes. This paves the way for novel chiral materials that can harness and tailor chiral interactions for specific functionalities and properties in a range of biomedical and bioanalytical applications. This paper reviews these advances and speculates on the future of chiral surfaces. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

Dissipative Self‐Assembly of Peptides

In molecular self‐assembly, molecules interact with each other by non‐covalent interactions to form larger structures. The process occurs in‐equilibrium, which means that molecules can leave the assembly and reassemble elsewhere, but that occurs on average with equal rates. For self‐assembly, peptides have proven to be a particularly useful building block, in part because of their versatility. Biology also uses self‐assembly to create functional materials. For example, components of the cytoskeleton, like actin filament and microtubules, are self‐assembled proteins. In other words, biology uses the same building blocks and design rules as supramolecular chemists to create functional structures. However, biological assemblies are vastly more complex than their synthetic counterparts. The discrepancy is in part because proteins are more complex than the peptides we use as building blocks. Another contributing factor to the difference in complexity is that most assemblies in living systems exist out of equilibrium. To use peptides for complex functions as biology does, we should understand and be able to create peptide assemblies out of equilibrium. In this work, we review recent advances towards the creation of peptide assemblies that exist out of equilibrium driven by an external energy source.     

Controllable self‐assembly of polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine)

Block copolymers can form various ordered structures by self‐assembly, and their composites with inorganic materials may give surprising properties. This review summarizes recent developments in the preparation, mechanism and application of various types of self‐assembly of polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P2VP). The focus of the review is on how to control the self‐assembly of the dynamic and ordered structure of PS‐b‐P2VP based materials by applying effective factors such as thermal annealing, solvent annealing, block composition and blending. Moreover, the combination of the self‐assembly of PS‐b‐P2VP and various nanoparticles, with potentials in drug delivery, sensors and catalysis, is highlighted. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

‘Bricks and mortar’ nanoparticle self‐assembly using polymers

Developments in self‐assembly methods allow access to hierarchical materials featuring a wide range of functionality and applications. Polymer‐based self‐assembly of nanoparticles opens up new avenues for the fabrication of highly structured nanocomposites that can serve as bridges between ‘bottom‐up’ and ‘top‐down’ methods. Of various interactions leading to self‐assembly of nanocomposites, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions are commonly utilized. In this review, we illustrate the design and subsequent property tuning of various self‐assembled nanocomposite materials that were developed based on these interactions. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effects of chain lengths,molecular orientation,and functional groups of thiols adsorbed onto CF surface on interfacial properties of CF/epoxy composites

In this article, a new treatment method based on molecular self‐assembly on carbon fiber (CF) surface was proposed for obtaining a controlled interface between CF and epoxy matrix in composite system. To form the controlled interfacial region, the surfaces of CF were first metallized by electroless Ag plating, then were reacted with a series of thiols (alkanethiols, aromatic thiol, and heterocyclic thiol) to form self‐assembly (SA) films, which further reacted with epoxy resin to generate a strong adhesion interface. The structure and composition of untreated and treated CF surface were investigated by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (SERS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. SERS study showed that thiols chemisorbed on Ag‐plated CF in the form of thiolate species via the strong S? Ag coordinative bond. Moreover, adsorbate orientation of thiols SA films on Ag‐plated CF surfaces was revealed on the basis of SERS selection rules. The XPS study further confirmed the well organized alignment and the chemisorption of thiols. To understand the interfacial adhesion mechanism, the interfacial shear strength of CF/epoxy microcomposites was evaluated by the microbond technique. The results showed that among the parameters such as chain lengths, molecular orientation, and types of functional groups, the chemical nature of functional groups is most important for the improvement of interfacial properties in CF/epoxy composites. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

纳米材料制备的若干新进展

介绍了纳米材料在制备方法方面的最新进展 ,对超临界流体干燥法、脉冲激光沉积法、声化学合成法、微波化学合成法、分子自组装法和原位合成法等制备方法的特点进行了评述 ,并对其制备方法的趋势作出了展望     

Inkjet Printing Based Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly Capable of Composite Patterning of Multilayered Nanofilms

Surface modification involves developing a versatile thin film by combining the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of the functional materials and can facilitate controlling material for desirable aims. Layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly can be used to create materials with controlled thicknesses and morphologies, diverse functionalities, and unique structures on any surface. However, despite the advantages of the LbL fabrication technique, there are limits to its application because it is a time‐consuming process and has difficulty controlling the shape of nanofilms. In addition, controlling the lateral organization is difficult because the preparation methods are based on one‐pot self‐assembly. In this study, a multilayered fabrication system is developed for the high‐throughput LbL assembly of nanofilms through inkjet printing. With various types of materials from synthetic polymer to graphene oxide to natural polymer and protein, the approach can tune the preparation of nanoscale multilayers with desired structures and shapes for specific applications on various substrates, including a silicon wafer, quartz glass, and cellulose‐based paper.     

Liquid crystals from star‐like clusto‐supramolecular macromolecules

Supramolecular liquid crystals containing inorganic nanoclusters represent a promising avenue in the field of liquid crystals. The main motivation for developing these hybrid materials originates from the value‐added combination between functional properties of inorganic nano‐objects and the self‐assembly behavior of organic liquid crystal molecules. This review highlights the recent progress regarding nanocluster‐containing supramolecular liquid crystals. Important factors affecting the liquid crystalline behaviors are systematically described and summarized. The driving forces behind the molecular self‐assembly are discussed in depth. Finally, potential applications of the liquid‐crystalline nanohybrids are discussed. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

Ultrasonic sealing versus heat conductive sealing of polyethylene/polybutene‐1 peel films

Functional brushes have recently emerged as an extremely versatile way to modify surface properties in a robust and controlled way. In this study, well‐defined, high density oligo‐N‐isopropylacrylamide (oligoNIPAM) brushes with ? OH and ? COOH end‐groups were fabricated through a reliable strategy by the combination of the self‐assembly of bimolecular macroazoinitiator on silicon surface and surface‐initiated nitroxide mediated polymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide in the presence of chain transfer agent (i.e., 2‐mercaptoethanol or 3‐mercaptopropionic acid). The living polymerization produced silicon substrate‐coated with functional oligoNIPAM with a target molecular weight and a grafting density as high as 8.14 chains nm^?2. The functional oligoNIPAM brushes can be employed for the adsorption of biomacromolecules such as DNA and proteins. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Higher-Order Structures Based on Molecular Interactions for the Formation of Natural and Artificial Biomaterials

The assembly of molecular building blocks into highly ordered structures is crucial, both in nature and for the development of novel functional materials. In nature, noncovalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonds or hydrophobic interactions, enable the reversible assembly of biopolymers, such as DNA or proteins. Inspired by these design principles, scientists have created biohybrid materials that employ natural building blocks and their assembly properties. Thus, structures and materials are attainable that cannot be made through other synthetic procedures. Herein, we review current concepts and highlight recent advances.