高温熔融对UHMWPE/c-HDPE共混物界面扩散的促进作用

以摩尔质量低且分子链运动能力强的自制c-HDPE为基体,将其与少量的超高摩尔质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)共混,之后再施加高温熔融(HTM)处理,同时结合红外光谱(FTIR)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、旋转流变仪以及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段探究高温熔融处理对于UHMWPE/c-HDPE共混物界面扩散作用的影响。结果表明,高温熔融处理的确能够促进UHMWPE分子链解缠结,并加速UHMWPE分子链扩散进入c-HDPE基体相之中。这种变化将最终影响共混物的结晶和流变行为以及共混物中的两相形态。     

超高相对分子质量聚乙烯/聚丙烯共混物研究进展

回顾了超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(PE-UHMW)与聚丙烯(PP)共混物的研究进展.介绍了PE-UHMW/PP共混物的制备方法,性能(加工流变性能、力学性能、摩擦磨损性能)及结晶和微观形态的研究现状,并展望了PE-UHMW/PP共混物的研究方向.     

超声辅助双螺杆机制备高密度聚乙烯/超高分子量聚乙烯复合材料及性能研究

利用超声辅助双螺杆挤出机制备高密度聚乙烯（PE-HD）/超高分子量聚乙烯（PE-UHMW）复合材料，并考察PE-UHMW含量对复合材料流变性能、结晶行为及力学性能的影响。结果表明，当PE-UHMW的含量不超过2.0 %（质量分数，下同）时，PE-UHMW在PE-HD基体内均匀分散，不存在相分离；由于PE-UHMW的相对分子质量非常大，分子链非常长，缠结程度大，其分子链松驰时间较长，有利于形成结晶前驱体，直至成核，随着PE-UHMW含量的增加，有利于成核，晶核数目明显增加，同时，PE-UHMW与PE-HD的缠结程度变大，约束了PE-HD分子链的运动，使其吸附于晶核心表面，分子链折叠排列形成结晶，最终复合材料体系的结晶度逐渐增大，片晶增厚；加入PE-UHMW后，复合材料的屈服强度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均明显提高。     

EPR添加量对PP/EPR共混物力学性能和形态结构的影响

以二元乙丙橡胶(EPR)作为增韧剂,采用熔融共混的方法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/EPR共混物,采用冲击试验机、电子万能试验机、动态力学分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、偏光显微镜、差示扫描量热仪、熔体流动速率仪等分析研究了EPR添加量对PP/EPR共混物力学性能和形态结构的影响。结果表明:PP与EPR具有良好的相容性,随着EPR添加量的增加,PP相的熔点和结晶规整性降低,PP相的结晶温度和结晶度提高;当EPR添加量达到30%时,PP/EPR共混物悬臂梁缺口冲击强度急剧升高,体系发生明显的脆韧转变。     

乙丙嵌段共聚物改性PP/EPR共混物

以乙丙嵌段共聚物(EP)作为增容剂,采用熔融共混的方法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/二元乙丙橡胶(EPR)共混物,通过冲击试验机、电子万能试验机、动态力学分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、偏光显微镜、差示扫描量热仪、平板流变仪、熔体流动速率仪等,研究了EP添加量对PP/EPR共混物力学性能、分散相聚集态结构及加工性能的影响。结果表明,EP对PP/EPR共混物具有良好的增容作用,降低了PP相的熔点和结晶规整性,提高了PP相的结晶温度和结晶度,当EP质量分数为8%时,分散相EPR粒子直径最小、PP和EPR相容性最好,此时共混物的缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率达到最大值,加工性能最好。     

高流动高抗冲高强PP/EPR共混物的设计与制备

针对橡胶增韧塑料存在熔体流动性与力学强度和韧性难以平衡这一重要问题,以聚丙烯/乙丙橡胶(PP/EPR)共混物为例,提出通过构筑分子量分布呈“双峰”特性的PP基体来同步实现高流动、高强度和高抗冲韧性的策略。结果表明,通过将高、低分子量的PP按不同质量比复配形成“双峰”基体可设计得到具有较高流动性的高强高韧共混物,并且扩大二者的分子量差异更有利于流动性和力学性能的平衡。进一步分析表明,基体的链缠结密度是影响共混物性能的关键因素。     

相容剂作用下超高相对分子质量聚乙烯增韧聚丙烯共混体系的研究

选取不同相容剂[马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯、线形低密度聚乙烯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（ABS）]增容聚丙烯/超高相对分子质量聚乙烯（PP/PE-UHMW）共混体系,对比不同相容剂作用下PP/PE-UHMW共混体系力学性能的差异,并研究了PP/PE-UHMW/相容剂共混体系的亚微相结构,进一步探讨了微观结构对PP/PE-UHMW共混体系力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加相容剂的三元共混体系的结晶颗粒呈细化趋势;相容剂ABS的增容效果较好,PP/PE-UHMW/ABS共混体系的冲击强度最高可达113.31 J/m,并可保持PP原有的拉伸强度,但其断裂伸长率有较大幅度的降低。     

基体分子量对PP/EPR共混物力学性能的影响

以二元乙丙橡胶(EPR)增韧的聚丙烯(PP)共混物为研究对象,探究PP基体分子量对PP/EPR共混物力学性能的影响。结果表明：随着基体分子量的增加,PP/EPR共混物的冲击韧性、拉伸强度和弹性模量均明显提高,且发生脆韧转变所需的临界EPR含量和脆韧转变温度均显著降低。当基体数均分子量(Mn)由3.8×10⁴g/mol增至8.8×10⁴g/mol,临界EPR含量从28%减至10%,脆韧转变温度从-17℃降至-30℃。分子量对基体结晶度和结晶形貌没有明显影响,但共混物的力学性能随分子量的变化不是单纯线性关系。当基体数均分子量为(5～7)×10⁴g/mol的范围内,共混物的临界EPR含量和缺口冲击强度呈现跳跃性转变,该转变可能与EPR分散相尺寸减小有关,EPR粒子的尺寸越小,增韧效果越好。     

PP/EPR共混体系的相容性

利用橡胶类聚合物二元乙丙(EPR)与聚丙烯(PP)熔融共混是PP常用的增韧改性手段。共混体系中PP连续相与EPR橡胶相分散成具有良好相界面作用的“海-岛”结构,EPR对PP的增韧机理主要是“银纹-剪切带屈服”理论。虽然EPR与PP都含有丙基,根据相似相容性原理,它们之间应具有较好的相容性。但是在实际的共混中,EPR在基体PP中的分散状态还要取决于共混的工艺条件。在相同的共混组成条件下,当PP与EPR具有相近的熔融粘度时,所制得共混物的形态结构较均匀。在PP／EPR共混体系中,加入增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛脂(DOP)后,部分DOP分散在PP／EPR两相界面上,可以降低两相界面的结合强度,而使共混物的强度降低;另外加入第三组份PE后的三元共混物,可以通过控制PP、EPR、PE的含量,使EPR起到PP和PE的相容剂的作用,使体系形成一种特殊的“棱-壳”结构。     

PP/GMS共混物的流动性能及热性能的研究

将聚丙烯(PP)与硬脂酸单甘油酯(GMS)熔融共混,制备不同GMS含量的PP/GMS共混物.采用毛细管流变仪和差示扫描量热仪研究PP/GMS共混物的流变性能和热性能,用偏光显微镜考察共混物的结晶形态和结晶动力学.结果表明:PP/GMS共混物为假塑性流体,GMS可以降低共混体系的表观粘度;共混物的结晶以α晶型为主,GMS...     

New polypropylene blends toughened by polypropylene/poly(ethylene-co-propylene) in-reactor alloy: Compositional and morphological influence on mechanical properties

A new toughening agent, polypropylene/poly(ethylene-co-propylene) in-reactor alloy (EP-P), has been adopted to modify isotactic polypropylene (PP) in present study. Systematic investigation has been performed on the inter-compositional interaction, crystalline structure, and phase morphology of a series of PP/EP-P blends. It has been found that the PP component from EP-P is thoroughly miscible with neat PP and they together serve as the matrix of the PP/EP-P blends, while the ethylene-propylene random copolymers (EPR) act as the dispersed phase. The ethylene-propylene segmented copolymers (EPS), behaving as the compatibilizer between the EPR dispersed phase and PP matrix, strengthen mutual incorporation and effective diffusion of the amorphous PP segments and the EPR molecules. Based on the in-depth understanding of the crystalline structure and phase morphology, the correlation between morphological structure and mechanical properties has been established. The excellent impact toughness of PP/EP-P blends with higher EP-P content is mainly attributed to the small PP crystallites scattered in the blends and the well dispersed EP copolymer domains in PP matrix.     

Rheology of EPR/PP blends

The rheological behavior of polypropylene, PP, ethylene‐propylene copolymer, EPR, and EPR/PP blends was studied. Zero‐shear viscosity and elastic relaxation time were determined by least‐squares fits by using a Carreau–Yasuda model with Arrhenius temperature dependency. The effect of PP and EPR molecular weight, ethylene ratio in EPR copolymer (E/EPR), and EPR concentration on the zero‐shear viscosity and elasticity of EPR/PP blends was determined experimentally. Molecular weight effects are compared to theoretically expected relationships. EPR concentration effect and E/EPR ratio effects agree well with predictions made by using the Tsenoglou model. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 2113–2127, 2001     

Effects of nanosilica filler surface modification and compatibilization on the mechanical,thermal and microstructure of PP/EPR blends

Polypropylene/ethylene-propylene rubber/nanosilica (PP/EPR/nano-SiO₂) composites were prepared by a melt blending masterbatch process using a Brabender mixer. In order to improve the interfacial adhesion and achieve diverse desired properties of the composites, nanosilica surface silylation by means of two silane coupling agents: N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AEAPTMS) and 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) was explored. The composites were also compatibilized using three compatibilizers: methyl methacrylate grafted PP (MMA-g-PP), glycidylmethacrylate grafted PP (GMA-g-PP) and maleic anhydride grafted PP (MAH-g-PP). The properties of the blends and the composites were examined using tensile and Izod impact tests, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (ATG) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). According to the mechanical property evaluations, the incorporation of nano-SiO₂ particles into PP/EPR blend improved the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the composites. The elongation and Izod impact strength were adversely affected. A significant improvement in the mechanical properties was obtained for the composites with AEAPTMS-SiO₂ and MAH-g-PP. The DSC results indicated that the incorporation of the modified silica and MAH-g-PP increased the crystallinity of the composites. However, no significant variation in the crystallinity was observed as a result of the addition of MMA-g-PP and GMA-g-PP. The TGA results revealed that the composites exhibit a higher thermal stability than that of the neat matrix. SEM micrographs of the fractured surfaces revealed a two-phase morphology with EPR nodules being dispersed in the PP matrix. SEM also indicated that the incorporation of MAH-g-PP into PP/EPR composites contributes to a better dispersion of the EPR phase and nano-SiO₂ particles in the polymer matrix.     

乙丙嵌段共聚物相对分子质量及链结构对PP/EPR共混体系结构与性能的影响

设计合成了一系列不同相对分子质量和乙烯平均序列长度的乙丙嵌段共聚物（EP）,并将其作为聚丙烯（PP）/二元乙丙橡胶（EPR）共混体系的增容剂,考察了EP用量、相对分子质量及乙烯平均序列长度对共混体系性能及分散相形态演变的影响。结果表明,EP增容PP/EPR体系时存在最佳添加量,少量EP的加入可有效提高PP/EPR共混体系的抗冲击性能,并对分散相尺寸及形态起到良好的调控作用;同时,EP的相对分子质量越大对共混体系的冲击性能提高越明显,EP的组成与EPR越接近,对共混体系的增容效果越明显。     

PE-UHMW对聚甲醛力学性能及非等温结晶的影响研究

制备了一系列聚甲醛/超高相对分子质量聚乙烯（POM/PE-UHMW）共混物,并通过力学性能测试,差示扫描量热仪及扫描电子显微镜等分析了共混物的结构和性能,分别采用Avrami以及莫志深理论对POM及POM/PE-UHMW(100/1)非等温结晶动力学进行了理论分析,利用Kissinger方法对其结晶活化能进行了计算。结果表明,当PE-UHMW含量为1 %(质量分数,下同)时,共混物的缺口冲击强度达到最大值,较纯POM提高了约24.3 %;同时其降低了POM的结晶速率和结晶活化能,但相对结晶度稍有提高。     

Sulfonated polyetheretherketone/polypropylene polymer blends for the production of photoactive materials

Sulfonated polyetheretherketone (SPEEK) was synthesized via a mono‐substitution reaction of PEEK in concentrated sulphuric acid and was blended with polypropylene (PP) in 2–10%w/w concentration to be used for the production of photoactive thermoplastic products. SPEEK and SPEEK/PP blends were characterized using FTIR, DSC, TGA, NMR, rheology, SEM, and EPR. Under UV‐Vis irradiation, stable benzophenone ketyl (BPK) radicals were generated by hydrogen extraction from PP. By increasing the amount of SPEEK in the polymer blend a linear increase in the BPK radicals was achieved according to the EPR data. DSC and TGA tests indicated weaknesses in the thermal stability of SPEEK but according to the rheological tests this should not have a major effect on processabililty. The optimal amount of SPEEK in the blend was obtained at 5%w/w. This concentration provided a good compromise between radical concentration, material processability, and cost. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41509.     

聚丙烯/超高相对分子质量聚乙烯共混物的结晶动力学及发泡性能研究

采用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）对含有不同含量超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）的聚丙烯进行测试和表征,采用Ozawa方法、莫志深方法和Kissinger方法分析了该体系的非等温结晶动力学。利用自行研制的超临界流体挤出发泡实验装置,对含有UHMWPE的PP进行了超临界二氧化碳挤出发泡实验研究。结果表明：超高分子量聚乙烯的加入降低了PP的结晶活化能,含有UHMWPE的PP在较高的温度下开始结晶,且由于超高分子量聚乙烯大分子链的存在,与聚丙烯分子链发生缠结,阻碍聚丙烯分子链排入晶格,降低了结晶速率,结晶温区拓宽,有利于聚丙烯挤出发泡成型;加入UHMWPE后,PP的发泡效果明显改善,泡孔平均直径减小,泡孔尺寸分布更加均匀,PE-UHMW的含量为5份时,表观密度达到0.038g/cm-3。