弹性体和刚性粒子对聚甲醛的增韧改性研究

采用热塑性聚氨酯弹性体（TPU）和刚性粒子纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)对聚甲醛(POM)进行了协同增韧,并通过差示扫描量热仪和扫描电子显微镜等分析了增韧体系的结构和性能。结果表明,TPU/SiO2协同增韧提高了POM缺口冲击强度,且能有效降低传统增韧方法对材料拉伸强度和弯曲模量造成的损失;当POM中单独加入20 %（质量分数,下同）TPU时,POM的缺口冲击强度提高了89 %,拉伸强度和弯曲模量却分别降低了18 %和40 %;单独加入2 % SiO2时,POM的缺口冲击强度仅提高22 %,增韧效果不明显;同时加入20 %的TPU和2 %的SiO2时,POM的缺口冲击强度提高了230 %,拉伸强度和弯曲模量仅分别下降了8 %和13 %。     

聚甲醛/海泡石纤维复合材料的制备与性能研究

为制备性能优良的聚甲醛（POM）基复合材料,以海泡石纤维（Sep）填充POM制备POM/Sep复合材料。研究硅烷偶联剂KH550表面改性填料对复合材料力学和摩擦学性能的影响。复合材料的力学性能以及摩擦学性能随着Sep含量的增加而改善,当有机改性海泡石纤维（O-Sep）含量为5.0 %（质量分数,下同）时,POM/O-Sep复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和冲击性能分别达到最优值68.43 MPa、89.81 MPa、3600.61 MPa和285.5 kJ/m2,与纯POM相比提高了28.6 %、51.9 %、79.1 %和8.8 %;且POM/5.0 %O-Sep复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损量分别达到0.072和3.6 mg,与纯POM相比降低了65.9 %和 35.7 %。     

PTW增强POM/TPU复合材料的制备及性能研究

以钛酸钾晶须(PTW)为增强体,采用熔融共混和注射成型法,制备了聚甲醛(POM)/热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)/PTW复合材料。研究了PTW含量对POM/TPU复合材料力学性能的影响,并借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了冲击断面形貌。结果表明,TPU的加入有效改善了纯POM的韧性,当TPU含量为10%(质量分数,下同)时,缺口冲击强度是纯POM的2.5倍,但拉伸强度和弯曲强度有所下降;PTW的加入对POM/TPU有较好的增强效果,当PTW含量为15%时,复合材料的拉伸强度、拉伸模量、断裂伸长率、弯曲强度、弯曲模量、缺口冲击强度分别为35.91 MPa、24.17%、144.94MPa、12.26GPa、112.1kJ/m2,拉伸模量、弯曲模量、缺口冲击强度与POM/TPU相比分别提高了14.7%、54.2%和9.2%,综合力学性能达到最佳。     

电气石/LLDPE复合材料的制备及性能研究

用钛酸酯对电气石进行表面改性,将改性后的电气石与线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)共混,采用挤出造粒、注塑成型工艺,制备电气石/LLDPE复合材料。对复合材料进行了性能测试。测试结果表明,当电气石添加量为2%时,复合材料的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度都达到最大值,此时拉伸强度比未添加电气石的LLDPE的拉伸强度提高了2. 8%,缺口冲击强度提高了46. 0%,且复合材料可释放负离子,具有空气净化功能。     

TPU对POM低温韧性的影响

通过熔融共混法制备出聚甲醛(POM)/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)复合材料。采用差示扫描量热仪测试(DSC)、脆化温度测试、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、力学性能测试分析了TPU添加量与POM复合材料结晶度和低温性能的关系。结果表明:随着TPU添加量的增加,POM/TPU的常温和低温韧性增大,当TPU含量为10%时,POM/TPU复合材料脆性温度为-39℃,在-30℃下POM复合材料的缺口冲击强度提高了47%;TPU的加入降低了POM/TPU的结晶度,对POM有良好的低温增韧作用。     

聚苯硫醚/纳米Si3N4复合材料的制备及性能研究

表面改性处理的纳米Si3N4粉体与聚苯硫醚（PPS）熔融共混挤出制成PPS/纳米Si3N4复合材料,通过拉伸、冲击实验及动态力学性能测试考察了纳米粉体加入量对复合体系各项性能的影响。结果表明,纳米Si3N4填充PPS基复合材料的力学性能明显优于纯PPS。随粉体添加量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度增大,当添加量为0.8 %时,拉伸强度提高了22 %。随粉体添加量的增加,复合体系冲击强度增大,当粉体添加量为1.2 %时,冲击强度和缺口冲击强度出现最大值,分别比纯PPS增加了33 %和41 %。动态力学性能测试表明,随粉体添加量的增加,PPS分子链段松弛所需能量增加,松弛过程增长,体系储能模量降低,损耗模量增加。     

两种不同基体木塑复合材料的制备及性能研究

以稻糠代替木粉,分别制备了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)基体和聚甲醛(POM)基体木塑复合材料。结果表明稻糠含量小于50%时,这两种木塑复合材料均具有良好的加工流动性;稻糠含量从0增加到50%,拉伸强度和冲击强度下降,热变形温度提高;稻糠含量40%时,木塑复合材料韧性相对于单纯树脂下降最小;稻糠含量在40%时,耐热性能改善效果最为明显。综合各因素对木塑复合材料性能的影响,稻糠填充量选在40%较合适。POM基体木塑复合材料在拉伸性能、弯曲性能和耐热性能方面优于HDPE基体木塑复合材料,但在无缺口冲击性能方面HDPE基体木塑复合材料优于POM基体木塑复合材料。     

陶瓷晶须填充POM复合材料的制备及其性能研究

以陶瓷晶须为填料制备了聚甲醛(POM)填充复合材料,研究了陶瓷晶须含量对POM复合材料力学性能、热性能、熔体流动性能的影响。结果表明:适量陶瓷晶须的加入使POM复合材料的力学性能和热稳定性得到改善,并且对材料的熔体流动性影响不大。其中,当陶瓷晶须含量为15%时,POM复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、缺口冲击强度、弯曲模量和热变形温度比纯POM分别提高了9.5%、11.1%、21.5%、44%和29%,而熔体流动速率(MFR)则仅下降了5.8%。     

滑石粉对聚丙烯微观形态和性能影响

以滑石粉为填料通过挤出机熔融共混制备聚丙烯（PP）/滑石粉复合材料,考察了硅烷偶联剂对滑石粉表面改性前后及添加不同含量的乙烯-辛烯共聚物（POE）对共混物力学性能、流变性能和微观形态的影响。结果表明,滑石粉表面改性后可以明显提高PP的缺口冲击强度,当PP/滑石粉质量比为100/10和100/30时,PP/滑石粉（改性）较PP/滑石粉（未改性）复合材料的缺口冲击强度分别提高37.8 %与36.4 %;表面改性后的滑石粉使复合材料的储能模量降低;POE的加入提高了滑石粉在PP基体中的分散性,随着其含量的增加,复合材料的缺口冲击强度提高,韧性提高。     

GF增强PP复合材料的尺寸稳定性与力学性能

研究了马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)含量及玻璃纤维(GF)含量对GF增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料尺寸稳定性与力学性能的影响。结果表明,加入PP-g-MAH后,复合材料的线性膨胀系数和收缩率下降,结晶度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度和悬臂梁缺口冲击强度提高,但断裂伸长率下降。相比不添加PP-g-MAH的复合材料,当PP-g-MAH质量分数达到6%时,复合材料在流道方向上的线性膨胀系数从29.88μm/(m·℃)降低至24.93μm/(m·℃),在流道方向上的收缩率从0.20%下降至0.18%,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和悬臂梁缺口冲击强度基本达到最大值,分别提高130.18%,96.52%和49.20%;随着GF质量分数的增加,复合材料的线性膨胀系数和收缩率均显著下降,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和悬臂梁缺口冲击强度提高,而断裂伸长率和结晶度下降。相比不添加GF的复合材料,当GF质量分数为40%时,复合材料在流道方向上的线性膨胀系数从101.30μm/(m·℃)降低至18.08μm/(m·℃),在流道方向上的收缩率从1.43%下降至0.08%,结晶度从45.05%下降至23.96%,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和悬臂梁缺口冲击强度分别提高168.87%,306.40%和129.52%。     

Mechanical and thermal properties of wood‐plastic composites reinforced with hexagonal boron nitride

Mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of injection molded wood‐plastic composites (WPCs) prepared from poplar wood flour (50 wt%), thermoplastics (high density polyethlyne or polypropylene) with coupling agent (3 wt%), and hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) (2, 4, or 6 wt%) nanopowder were investigated. The flexural and tensile properties of WPCs significantly improved with increasing content of the h‐BN. Unlike the tensile and flexural properties, the notched izod impact strength of WPCs decreased with increasing content of h‐BN but it was higher than that of WPCs without the h‐BN. The WPCs containing h‐BN were stiffer than those without h‐BN. The tensile elongation at break values of WPCs increased with the addition of h‐BN. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that the crystallinity, melting enthalpy, and crystallization enthalpy of the WPCs increased with increasing content of the h‐BN. The increase in the crystallization peak temperature of WPCs indicated that h‐BN was the efficient nucleating agent for the thermoplastic composites to increase the crystallization rate. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:194–200, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Effect of compatibilizer and organoclay content on structure,thermal, and mechanical properties of poly(butylene succinate)/(Ethylene acrylic acid)/Organoclay nanocomposites

Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/(ethylene acrylic acid) (EAA)/organoclay nanocomposites were prepared by using the melt intercalation technique. EAA was used as compatibilizer and organoclay was used as inorganic filler. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy results indicated the addition of compatibilizer led to a large increase in basal spacing of nanocomposites and better overall dispersion of organoclay in the PBS matrix. However, the basal spacing was found to be invariant as the organoclay content increased. The differential scanning calorimetry analyses revealed that the incorporation of the organoclay and EAA and the variation of organoclay content altered the melting behavior and crystallization properties of PBS. Storage and loss modulus of virgin matrix increased with the incorporation of organoclay and EAA, and a maximum for the nanocomposite with 9 wt% organoclay. Moreover, the glass transition temperatures also increased for the various organoclay‐containing samples. Mechanical properties showed an increase with the incorporation of organoclay and EAA. The 5 wt% organoclay‐filled PBS gave the highest tensile strength and notched Izod impact strength among all the composites. Further increments in organoclay loading reduced the tensile strength and notched impact strength of nanocomposites, which was thought to be the result of agglomeration. However, increments in clay loading enhanced the flexural strength and flexural modulus of nanocomposites, with a maximum at 9 wt% organoclay. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 23:219–227, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

聚甲醛/纳米SiO2复合材料的力学性能、结晶行为及热稳定性研究

以改性纳米SiO2为填料,通过熔融共混工艺制备聚甲醛/纳米SiO2复合材料,对其力学性能、结晶行为及热稳定性进行了研究。结果表明:复合材料的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度随着SiO2含量的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,二者分别在SiO2质量分数为3%和1%时达到最大;而弹性模量的情况则有所不同,其随着SiO2含量的增加不断增大。DSC测试结果显示,纳米SiO2具有较好的形核作用,能够促进聚甲醛的结晶温度升高,但会抑制晶粒的生长,导致复合材料结晶度的降低。此外,纳米SiO2还能显著提高聚甲醛的热稳定性。与纯聚甲醛相比,复合材料的最大热分解温度在氮气和空气气氛下分别提高了约41.1℃和24.5℃。     

Preparation and characterization of ethylene-butene copolymer (EBC)/mica composites

Composites of ethylene-butene copolymer (EBC) with various amounts of untreated mica and silane modified mica were prepared by the melt blending technology. The morphological, thermal, dielectric and mechanical properties of composites were investigated. The results showed that both of raw mica and treated mica were uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix. Attributed to the heterogeneous nucleating effect of mica, the crystallization ability of composites was increased and the crystals of the polymer matrix were arranged more closely. With increasing the filler content, the thermal stabilities of composites were improved, whose increasing rate was decreased when the filler content was up to a certain amount. The dielectric properties of samples were influenced by the filler content, surface treatment of mica and the testing frequency. The mechanical properties showed that the tensile strength and elongation at break of composites were not decreased apparently until the filler content was up to 30 wt%. And the hardness and modulus at 100% elongation of samples were increased with the increase in the filler content, ascribed to the reinforcing effect of mica.     

不同填料对聚乳酸复合材料导热及结晶行为的影响

通过熔融挤出法制备了分别由铁粉（Fe）、铜粉(Cu)、铝粉(Al)和氧化铝(Al2O3)粉4种导热填料填充的聚乳酸（PLA）复合材料,研究了填料种类、用量对复合材料的热导率、固化以及结晶行为的影响。结果表明,其中添加10 % (质量分数,下同)Fe可使复合材料的热导率提高90 %,10 % Al2O3的加入使冲击强度提高55 %,填料种类和用量对肖氏硬度(A)没有显著影响;随着填料用量的增加,复合材料的结晶速率明显提高,添加5 %填料可使复合材料结晶速率平均提高83 %,而添加10 %的填料时结晶速率仅提高79 %。     

不同增容剂对玻璃纤维增强聚甲醛复合材料性能的影响研究

采用硅烷偶联剂γ?氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)、γ?(2,3?环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH560)和高分子増容剂M分别对玻璃纤维增强聚甲醛复合材料(POM/GF)进行增容改性,并通过力学性能测试、扫描电子显微镜、旋转流变仪以及差示扫描量热仪探究增容剂类型及其含量对POM/GF复合材料的力学性能、界面形貌、流变行...     

Mechanical properties and impact toughness of talc-filled β-crystalline phase polypropylene composites

Injection molded β-crystalline phase polypropylene (PP) composites containing 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40% (by weight) of talc filler were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, static tensile and falling drop weight impact tests. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the talc filler suppresses the formation of β-form PP dramatically. As a result, the β-PP composites containing talc content ≥20 wt% consisted mainly of the α-form PP phase. The tensile test showed that the addition of talc filler up to 40 wt% leads to an increase in Young's modulus whereas little effect is observed on the yield strength of composites with the addition of talc up to 30%. This behavior can be attributed to the load bearing effect of talc particles with a platelike structure and to good interfacial bonding exists between the matrix and filler. The impact tests revealed that the critical stain energy release rate (G_c) of the β-PP polymers appears to increase initially with the addition of 5 wt% talc; thereafter it decreases significantly with increasing talc content.     

高流动高模量高抗冲聚丙烯复合材料的制备及性能研究

研究了弹性体（POE）、滑石粉(talc)、乙撑双硬脂酰胺（EBS）的含量对高流动、高模量、高抗冲聚丙烯（PP）复合材料的力学性能、熔体流动速率、结晶温度、热稳定性以及微观断面结构的影响。结果表明,需要25份POE才能使高流动性共聚PP发生完全脆韧转变;通过熔融共混制备PP、POE、talc复合材料（PP/POE/talc）,当复合材料的质量份数比为80∶20∶40时,制得的PP/POE/talc复合材料的熔体流动速率为22.9 g/10 min、弯曲模量为1 887.7 MPa、缺口冲击强度为31.2 kJ/m2;对比纯PP,其弯曲模量提高了102.2 %,缺口冲击强度提高了217.8 %,弯曲强度提高了2.6 %,拉伸强度降低了15.1 %;添加1份EBS能够同时提高PP/POE/talc复合材料的熔体流动速率与缺口冲击强度。     

酒糟增强聚丙烯复合材料的制备与性能研究

通过熔融共混制备了酒糟(DG)增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料,考察了DG用量、粒径以及马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP-g-MAH）相容剂对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,DG的加入使得复合材料的热稳定性和阻燃性能提高;PP/DG复合材料的结晶温度随DG含量的增加而升高,说明DG对PP有异相成核的作用;当粒径为100 μm 的DG用量为10 %（质量分数,下同）时,复合材料的缺口冲击强度相比纯PP提高了55.2 %;一定的粒径范围内,复合材料的力学性能与DG粒径呈正相关;PP-g-MAH含量为2 %,DG含量为10 %的复合材料的拉伸强度比未加相容剂时提高了9.3 %,比纯PP提高了4.1 %;PP-g-MAH的加入使得DG颗粒与PP基体间的界面结合明显改善。     

矿物填料填充聚乙烯/麦秸杆复合材料性能比较

以麦秸杆纤维(WSF)和高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD)为原料,以白云石粉、硅灰石粉及滑石粉为填充料,通过熔融混炼及注射成型的方法制备了PE-HD/WSF/填料复合材料,并通过差示扫描量热仪、扫描电子显微镜和电子万能试验机等考察分析了填料种类及含量对复合材料结晶性能、微观形貌和力学性能等的影响.结果表明,在WSF的含量为40...