低烟聚醚聚氨酯弹性体材料研究

以聚醚多元醇（N220等）、甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、三羟甲基丙烷及阻燃抑烟型填料为原料,制备了低烟雾聚氨酯弹性体。对聚醚及阻燃剂作了选择试验。测试了试样在高温状态下产生的烟雾信号的透过率以及常温力学性能。测试结果表明,材料烟雾信号的大小与受热温度有关,选择600℃作为测试温度较能区别烟雾性能的好坏;不同结构的聚醚型聚氨酯与不同种类的阻燃抑烟剂对材料产生的烟雾信号都有影响。选择聚氧化丙烯二醇N220作为聚醚原料,三聚氰胺或联二脲作为阻燃抑烟剂,可以得到低烟和符合使用要求的聚醚型聚氨酯弹性体材料。     

聚氨酯-聚醚-丙烯酸酯型亲水铝箔涂料的制备研究

介绍了一种聚氨酯-聚醚-丙烯酸酯型亲水铝箔涂料的制备方法,研究了引发剂的选择和用量对转化率的影响,考察了内交联剂以及聚氨酯-聚醚树脂与丙烯酸树脂的配比对涂料性能的影响。实验结果表明,在聚氨酯-聚醚树脂的制备中,用硝酸铈铵作引发剂,用二乙烯苯作内交联剂,在丙烯酸树脂的制备中,引发剂量为单体总质量的1.00%,聚氨酯-聚醚树脂与丙烯酸树脂的质量比为15∶1,制备的树脂转化率高,涂料亲水性能优异。     

聚己内酯聚氨酯弹性涂料的研制

聚己内酯聚氨酯有耐氧化的聚酯键,而聚醚和聚酯型聚氨酯都不同程度含有易氧化降解的醚键,当户外曝晒时,则导致聚合物链的断裂。因此,聚己内酯聚氨酯弹性涂料不同于聚醚和聚酯型聚氨酯弹性涂料,有良好的耐候性及优良的水解稳定性。它是聚氨酯弹性涂料的一个新品种。     

MDI型水性聚氨酯涂料的研究进展

综述了二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)与聚醚型、聚酯型或聚醚-聚酯共混型多元醇反应制备的水性聚氨酯(WPU)涂料的研究进展,简单介绍了MDI型WPU涂料在不同领域的应用,并对MDI型WPU涂料的未来发展前景作了展望.     

聚氨酯涂料及其应用

本文主要对聚氨酯涂料及其应用作简要论述。全文分八部分,分别介绍:聚氨酯涂料的发展、分类、氨酯油、封闭型、单组分湿固化型、双组分催化固化型聚氨酯涂料的制备、性能和应用;讨论了NCO/OH型双组分聚氨酯涂料的配制原理及其影响因素;研究了聚酯、聚醚、环氧树脂、VAGH、醛酮树脂及沥青固化聚氨酯涂料的配制、性能和应用;介绍了聚氨酯涂料的施工和应用。     

低烟有机硅涂料的研究

选择室温硫化硅橡胶为基料,阻燃消烟为填料,制备了低烟有机硅涂料。采用信号透过率法测试了试样在高温状态下产生的烟雾信号透过率。试验结果表明,烟雾信号的强弱与受热温度有关,不同结构的室温硫化硅橡胶和阻燃消烟剂对涂料的烟雾信号都有影响。通过选择合适的室温硫化硅橡胶和阻燃消烟剂合理的调配,可研制出低烟雾有机硅涂料。     

聚醚型异氰酸酯预聚体的研制

用聚醚多元醇和甲苯二异氰酸酯合成了性能优良的聚醚型异氰酸酯预聚体。对合成预聚体的结构进行了表征，并对预聚体及其丙烯酸聚氨酯涂料的性能进行了研究。     

双组分聚氨酯建筑防水涂料的研制

通过一定比例的聚醚多元醇合成聚氨酯预聚体,采用330N、改性MOCA、BDO为交联剂制成双组分聚氨酯涂料。探讨了—NCO含量、多元醇物质的量比、交联剂配比、BDO含量对双组分聚氨酯涂料的影响,并分析了该涂料的刮涂性,所制得的双组分聚氨酯涂料性能优异,易于施工。     

技术市场

<正> 聚醚多元醇是一种重要的高分子原料,主要用于制造聚氨酯泡沫塑料、微孔弹性体、涂料、粘结剂、建筑密封胶等。我国从60年代初开始生产聚醚多元醇。近年来,随着化学丁业的迅速发展及人民生活水平的提高,对聚氨酯制品的需求量日益上升,使得聚醚多元醇的研究与生产有了很大的发展,但仍然处于供不应求的状态,并且在短期内仍不能满足日益增长的需求。我院对聚氨酯原料之一的聚醚多元醇,进行了大量的研究工作;开发出了能满足软泡、硬泡、弹性体、粘结剂、涂料等多种用途的聚醚多元醇品种;建立了产品的分子量分布、伯仲羟基含量、碱金属离子含量,热稳定性和序列结构等多种测试手段,以控制聚醚多元醇的生产。同时对精制方法进行了深入研究,掌握了酸值,双键和钾离子含量     

软段对水性聚氨酯木器涂料性能的影响

合成了系列水性聚氨酯乳液,研究了低聚物多元醇种类及分子量不同对水性聚氨酯涂料性能的影响。结果表明:聚酯型水性聚氨酯随着软段分子量的增大结晶程度增加,机械强度和硬度较聚醚型高,耐水性较好;结构规整,易结晶的软段合成出的聚氨酯树脂力学性能和耐水性能都较好;而有机硅氧烷改性可以提高聚氨酯材料的耐水性。     

铝/磷/氮三元体系阻燃PU硬泡的制备与性能研究

以氢氧化铝、三聚氰胺和聚磷酸铵为阻燃剂制备了阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫,研究了添加氢氧化铝前后阻燃剂用量对聚氨酯(PU)硬泡的阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,铝/磷/氮复配阻燃体系的阻燃效果优于磷/氮阻燃体系,阻燃剂总添加量达30份时,PU硬泡同时具备较好的阻燃性能和力学性能,氧指数为32,烟密度为74,平均燃烧时间为31 s,其压缩强度和拉伸强度分别为6.52 MPa和6.16 MPa。     

Hydroxyl‐decorated ammonium polyphosphate as flame retardant reinforcing agent in solvent‐free two‐component polyurethane

Despite being extensively implemented in research, it remains challenging but highly desirable to develop ammonium polyphosphate (APP)‐based polyurethane (PU) combining excellent flame retardancy and improved mechanical properties. Herein, hydroxyl‐decorated APP (OH‐APP) was successfully fabricated through a facile, green, yet efficient cation exchange reaction with N‐methylethanolamine, and utilized as a multifunctional reinforcing agent for solvent‐free two‐component PU in the curing process. Results demonstrate that the conjugation of OH‐APP imparts to the resultant cured PU samples (PU/OH‐APP) enhanced fire safety and smoke suppression performance, as evidenced by the considerable decrease in peak heat release rate, total heat release, peak smoke production rate and total smoke production by 75.4, 30.1, 64.3 and 14.4% over those of pure PU. Furthermore, the tensile strength of PU/OH‐APP is improved by 66.5%, while the ductility is well maintained, highlighting its promising potential in industrial applications. This work is aimed at opening a new avenue for the development of APP‐based PU with outstanding performances through covalent anchoring approaches. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

The effect of the trimerization catalyst on the thermal stability and the fire performance of the polyisocyanurate‐polyurethane foam

In this work, 3 currently used trimerization catalysts, TMR‐2 (quaternary ammonium), K‐15 (potassium octoate), and PU‐1792 (potassium acetate) were used to produce rigid polyisocyanurate (PIR) foams with certain amounts of isocyanurate contents. The results from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) quantitative analysis showed that PU‐1792 had the highest catalytic efficiency in isocyanurate formation. Then, the effect of different amounts of PU‐1792 catalyst on isocyanurate ring output was further investigated, and the result showed that the highest amount of isocyanurate ring formation could be attained by the 5 pphp of PU‐1792 catalyst. It was also found that the increased amount of isocyanurate ring could result in reduced cell size, improved compressive strength, and lowered thermal conductivity of PIR foam. The results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and cone calorimeter (CONE) test revealed that the thermal stability and fire performance of PIR foam could be improved with the increased amount of isocyanurate ring. Furthermore, the CONE test indicated that the smoke production of PIR foam decreased approximately 51.7% in comparison to the reference polyurethane (PU) foam, and the SEM image of char morphology showed that the char of PIR foam was more compact than PU foam.     

Phosphorus‐containing silica gel‐coated ammonium polyphosphate: Preparation,characterization, and its effect on the flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foam

A phosphorus‐containing silica gel was synthesized via a reaction between phenyl dichlorophosphate, poly(ether polyol), and γ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was modified by the synthesized phosphorus‐containing silica gel (MAPP) and then incorporated into the rigid polyurethane foam (PU). Results showed that APP had a smaller particle size, lower initial decomposition temperature, better heat resistance at high temperature, and better compatibility with PU matrix after the modification. The cone calorimeter test results showed that the incorporation of MAPP obviously reduced the values including peak of heat release rate, total heat release, average effective heat of combustion, and total smoke release, and increased the char yield of PU composite comparing with APP. The improved flame retardancy of PU/MAPP composite was attributed to the quenching effect of PO· and PO₂· free radicals released by MAPP in the early stage and the improved thermal stability of phosphorus‐ and silicon‐containing char layer formed in the later stage. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46334.     

Synthesis and characterization of bio-based intumescent flame retardant and its application in polyurethane

A novel bio-based P-N containing intumescent flame retardant melamine starch phytate (PSTM) was prepared via the reaction of phytic acid starch ester with melamine and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of PSTM on thermal properties and flammability of rigid polyurethane (PU) foams were analyzed by TGA, limit oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning tests (UL-94) and cone calorimeter measurement. The TGA results demonstrated that the thermal stabilities of PU/PSTM foam at high temperature was enhanced with the increasing additive amount of PSTM. The results showed that PU foam with 30 php PSTM (PU/PSTM-30%) observed an LOI value of 25.9 and a UL-94 rating of V-0. Cone calorimetry data showed that peak heat release rate, total heat release and smoke production rate of PU/PSTM-30% were distinctly lower than that of pure PU. Further experimental results demonstrated that PSTM promotes well charring of PU which could protect the foam from combustion. This work developed a novel bio-based intumescent flame retardant by suing phytic acid and starch as the acid source and carbon source, respectively, which is of great significance to the preparation of environmental-friendly flame retardants.     

原位热溶剂法制备ZnO纳米晶/PU复合纳米纤维及其吸附性能研究

通过静电纺丝法制备了直径为(320±51)nm的前驱体醋酸锌/聚氨酯(Zn(OAc)2/PU)复合纳米纤维。将前驱体先后经过0.1 mol/L NaOH乙醇溶液和甘油浴热处理,得到ZnO纳米晶/PU复合纳米纤维。讨论了甘油浴温度和时间对纳米纤维结构和形貌的影响,研究了其吸附性能。实验结果表明,经过0.1 mol/L NaOH乙醇溶液处理后,前驱体纤维Zn(OAc)2/PU转变为ZnO/PU纤维且ZnO主要以低结晶和无定型态存在;再经过甘油浴处理后,低结晶和无定型态的ZnO转变为晶型完整的六方晶系纤锌矿结构,得到了ZnO纳米晶/PU复合纳米纤维,该纤维对有机染料分子罗丹明B有良好的吸附性能。     

Influence of the hard segment content on the mechanical and tribological properties of the polyurethane modified by hydroxyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane under different lubricated conditions

Two kinds of polyurethane (PU) composites with different hard segment content modified by a high molecular weight hydroxyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (HTPDMS) were prepared. The effect of the hard segment content on the mechanical and tribological properties of the PU composites was studied. Tensile strength of the PU composites increased with the increasing of the hard segment content. The friction and wear experiments were tested on a MRH‐3 model ring‐on‐block test rig at different sliding speeds and loads under different lubricated conditions. Experimental results revealed that the coefficient of friction (COF) and the wear rate value of the PU composites decreased with increasing hard segment content and the COF of the PU composites under dry friction was higher than that under water and sea water lubrication. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations showed that the worn surfaces of the PU under water and sea water lubrication were smoother than that under dry friction. Besides, the wear rate value of the PU composites under water and sea water lubrication was smaller than that under dry friction. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

增强聚烯烃聚氨酯胶粘剂性能研究

以端羟基聚丁二烯（HTPB），甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）以及有关配合剂为原料，制备了聚烯烃聚氨酯胶粘剂，研究了蓖麻油，三羟甲基丙烷，丙三醇对胶粘性能的影响。测试了胶粘剂的本体强度，粘接强度以及工艺性能。结果表明，以蓖麻油作为胶粘剂的增强剂，与HTPB的羟基（－OH）含量摩尔比为0．25，可以获得力学性能，粘接性能和工艺性能都比较优越的聚烯烃聚氨酯胶粘剂。     

Preparation and Performance of a P–N Containing Intumescent Flame Retardant Based on Hydrolyzed Starch

Halogen-free flame retardant is receiving an increased attention recently due to its hypotoxicity and high efficiency. Intumescent flame retardant is a hot spot in research of the halogen-free flame retardant. In this work, a P–N containing intumescent flame retardant named hydrolyzed starch phosphamide from melamine was synthesized via hydrolysis of starch, phosphorylation of the starch with phosphorus oxychloride, and the reaction between the phosphorylated starch and melamine. PU/hydrolyzed starch phosphamide from melamine composites was prepared using different additive amounts of hydrolyzed starch phosphamide from melamine. Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the structures and thermal stabilities of related compounds. Flame retardation performance of hydrolyzed starch phosphamide from melamine was investigated by UL94, limit oxygen index test, and cone calorimetry. Result shows that the PU/hydrolyzed starch phosphamide from melamine composites with 30.0 php of hydrolyzed starch phosphamide from melamine got a limit oxygen index of 29.0 and UL94-V0 ranking. Heat release rate, rate of smoke release, and total smoke release were decreased distinctly.     

聚氨酯浇注弹性体的合成研究

采用2种不同的预聚体合成方法制备聚氨酯浇注弹性体,并对其性能进行了测试。结果表明,分步加入扩链剂乙二醇的预聚体合成工艺所得浇注聚氨酯弹性体的拉伸强度比一次性加入乙二醇的预聚体合成工艺所得浇注聚氨酯弹性体的拉伸强度提高了70%左右,而伸长率变化不大。同时研究了这2种制备工艺对材料动态力学性能的影响。并探讨了不同R值及配方中交联剂用量对聚氨酯浇注弹性体力学性能的影响。