既有建筑隔震碳纤维复合材料的性能测试

采用快速模压成型法制备了建筑隔震碳纤维复合材料,研究了模压压力、加压温度和固化温度对碳纤维复合材料拉伸性能和摩擦性能的影响。结果表明,当模压压力从6 MPa上升至14 MPa时,碳纤维复合材料的拉伸强度和标准化拉伸强度都呈现先增加后减小,摩擦系数表现为先减小后增大;当加压温度从100℃上升至130℃时,碳纤维复合材料的拉伸强度和标准化拉伸强度都先增大后逐渐减小,摩擦系数表现为先减小后增大;当固化温度从130℃上升至160℃时,碳纤维复合材料的拉伸强度和标准化拉伸强度都先增大后逐渐减小,摩擦系数表现为先减小后增大的趋势。适宜的建筑隔震碳纤维复合材料制备工艺为：模压压力10 MPa、加压温度110℃、固化温度140℃。     

碳纤维表面处理对碳纤维/NR复合材料性能的影响

试验研究碳纤维表面处理对碳纤维/NR复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,碳纤维经表面处理后表面沟槽加宽、加深,粗糙度增大,可改善其与橡胶基体的粘合性。与未处理碳纤维/NR复合材料相比,浓硝酸表面处理3h的碳纤维/NR复合材料的拉伸强度提高46%,耐磨性提高5%;300℃×20min高温氧化表面处理碳纤维/NR复合材料的拉伸强度和耐磨性均提高38%;浓硝酸处理1h后再加1.3份钛酸酯偶联剂的碳纤维/NR复合材料拉伸强度提高25%;碳纤维经浓硝酸处理1h后再进行表面浸胶,复合材料的耐磨性提高34%。     

碳纤维增强PE-UHMW/木粉复合材料的力学性能

为了改善超高分子量聚乙烯(PE-UHMW)的加工性能,提高其力学性能,以木粉和碳纤维为填料,制备了高填充量碳纤维增强PE-UHMW/木粉复合材料。研究了碳纤维含量对PE-UHMW/木粉复合材料弯曲性能、拉伸性能及动态热机械性能的影响。研究结果表明,加入碳纤维可提高PE-UHMW/木粉复合材料的弯曲强度及拉伸强度。拉伸强度和弯曲强度都随着碳纤维的含量的增加呈现出先增加后减小的趋势。当碳纤维质量分数为3%时,弯曲强度达到最大值,为25.2 MPa,比未加碳纤维时提高了46.5%。当碳纤维质量分数为2%时,弯曲强度达到最大值,为38.4 MPa,比未加碳纤维时提高了27.1%。随着碳纤维含量的增加,复合材料的储能模量显著提高。碳纤维的加入使复合材料的损耗因子峰值增大。     

纳米SiO2改性环氧树脂碳纤维体育材料及性能试验

针对传统体育器材环氧树脂碳纤维复合材料脆性大、耐冲击性能差的问题,提出用真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型工艺(VATRM)制备用于体育器材的纳米二氧化硅改性环氧树脂碳纤维复合材料,借助电子万能试验机和落锤式冲击实验机研究了该复合材料的横向拉伸性能和抗冲击性能。结果表明:当纳米二氧化硅质量分数为1%时,纳米二氧化硅/环氧树脂复合材料的横向拉伸性能最佳,断裂伸长率为0.5%;横向拉伸强度为41.7 MPa,拉伸模量为79.9 GPa,比纯环氧树脂碳纤维复合材料的横向拉伸强度、拉伸模量分别提高124.2%和12.5%。经纳米二氧化硅改性的环氧树脂碳纤维复合材料最大冲击力为2 216 N,比纯环氧树脂碳纤维复合材料最大冲击力提高了37.2%左右。     

弹性固化环氧树脂体系及其复合材料研究

制备了一种体育用品用弹性固化EP(环氧树脂)体系,并着重探讨了其与碳纤维制成的复合材料的相关性能。研究结果表明:弹性固化EP体系的相对最佳固化温度为113.5~147.0℃,95~110℃时固化度超过90%;复合材料的横向拉伸强度60.00 MPa、拉伸弹性模量≥8.20 GPa、弯曲强度≥1.50 GPa、弯曲弹性模量110.00 GPa和层间剪切强度82.00 MPa,经98℃水煮48 h后,复合材料的弯曲性能和层间剪切强度与国内外同类产品(150℃固化40 min)的性能相当;纤维表面有树脂附着,并且有部分树脂浸润纤维,说明该弹性固化EP体系与碳纤维之间的浸润效果良好。     

碳纤维增强酚醛树脂/石墨双极板复合材料性能及其界面结合

以碳纤维、酚醛树脂以及石墨为原料通过热模压成型得到一种质子交换膜燃料电池双极板材料。研究了碳纤维的处理方式、含量以及长度对复合材料导电性能与弯曲强度的影响,以及复合材料的界面结合。结果表明经过液相处理10 h的碳纤维能有效引进羟基等官能团,改善材料间的界面结合,增强效果较为明显;复合材料的性能随碳纤维含量的增加,出现先增大后减小的趋势;随着碳纤维长度的增大,复合材料性能出现最大值时的碳纤维含量有下降的趋势;利用经过液相处理10 h,含量为3%、长度为10~15 mm碳纤维对复合材料进行增强时,复合材料的弯曲强度与电导率最佳,其值分别为63.6 MPa1、75.4 S/cm。     

亚麻籽麻纤维增强复合材料的制备及其力学性能

本文着重研究了亚麻籽麻纤维强度及其复合材料纵向拉伸和弯曲性能,旨在探求亚麻籽麻纤维在绿色复合材料领域的应用潜能。分别采用10 g/l NaOH和20 g/l NaOH对亚麻籽麻纤维进行脱胶处理。脱胶后纤维表面SEM照片显示,经20 g/l NaOH处理可脱除纤维表面大部分胶质,脱胶较为彻底和均匀。热处理对纤维的力学性能有较大影响,经150℃热处理后纤维强度下降了36.2%。选择低熔点PBS(聚丁二酸丁二醇酯)树脂与麻纤维采用热压成型制备了纤维体积分数为36%的复合材料。测试了复合材料的纵向拉伸和弯曲性能,并对破坏模式进行分析。结果显示:碱处理后,复合材料拉伸性能有所降低,弯曲强度分别提高了19.3%(10 g/l NaOH)和59.9%(20g/l NaOH),20 g/l NaOH处理后复合材料的纵向弯曲强度为42.69 MPa。研究表明,亚麻籽麻纤维可用于制备热塑性复合材料,并具有较好的力学性能和应用前景。     

UHMWPE纤维针织物-环氧树脂复合材料的制备与性能

将等离子体处理前后的超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维针织物分别与环氧树脂在平板硫化机上进行复合,制作出UHMWPE纤维针织物复合材料,对其进行裁样,测试UHMWPE纤维针织物复合材料的拉伸、弯曲和压缩性能。结果表明:经等离子体处理后,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度均有较大提高,压缩强度有小幅增加。     

玄武岩纤维/聚丙烯热塑板拉伸性能的研究

为了研究硅烷偶联剂处理和玄武岩纤维的排列方向对玄武岩纤维/聚丙烯热塑板的拉伸性能的影响,试验采用质量分数为0.75%的KH-550偶联剂对玄武岩纤维进行处理,再将玄武岩纤维和聚丙烯进行混合开松、梳理成网,采用模压成型工艺制备了A(玄武岩纤维经偶联剂处理)和B(玄武岩纤维未经偶联剂处理)两种热塑板,使用Instron3369型万能强力机测试其拉伸性能。结论:KH-550偶联剂改性处理对热塑板的拉伸性能改善明显,与B板相比,A板的横向强度和模量分别提高了91.4%和33.5%,纵向强度和模量分别提高了40.2%和29.5%;A、B两种板材的纵向拉伸性能指标明显优于横向拉伸性能,A板的纵向强度和模量分别是横向的1.7和1.5倍,B板的纵向强度和模量分别为横向的2.3和1.5倍。     

低密度高导热CF/EP复合材料的制备及性能

将碳纳米管(CNT)和空心玻璃微珠(HGS)添加到环氧树脂(EP)中,利用模压工艺制备碳纤维(CF)/EP复合材料。结果表明：同时添加CNT和HGS可以有效降低CF/EP复合材料的密度,改善复合材料的力学性能,提高复合材料的导热性能,且当CNT和HGS质量比为1∶4时,复合材料综合性能最优,与不添加CNT和HGS的CF/EP复合材料相比,该复合材料的密度下降了8.8%,弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别提高了22.0%和30.1%,拉伸强度提高了8.9%,导热系数提高了87.1%。     

Mechanical and thermal properties of hierarchical composites enhanced by pristine graphene and graphene oxide nanoinclusions

Epoxy resin nanocomposites incorporated with 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 wt % pristine graphene and modified graphene oxide (GO) nanoflakes were produced and used to fabricate carbon fiber‐reinforced and glass fiber‐reinforced composite panels via vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding process. Mechanical and thermal properties of the composite panels—called hierarchical graphene composites—were determined according to ASTM standards. It was observed that the studied properties were improved consistently by increasing the amount of nanoinclusions. Particularly, in the presence of 4 wt % GO in the resin, tensile modulus, compressive strength, and flexural modulus of carbon fiber (glass fiber) composites were improved 15% (21%), 34% (84%), and 40% (68%), respectively. Likewise, with inclusion of 4 wt % pristine graphene in the resin, tensile modulus, compressive strength, and flexural modulus of carbon fiber (glass fiber) composites were improved 11% (7%), 30% (77%), and 34% (58%), respectively. Also, thermal conductivity of the carbon fiber (glass fiber) composites with 4% GO inclusion was improved 52% (89%). Similarly, thermal conductivity of the carbon fiber (glass fiber) composites with 4% pristine graphene inclusion was improved 45% (80%). The reported results indicate that both pristine graphene and modified GO nanoflakes are excellent options to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of fiber‐reinforced polymeric composites and to make them viable replacement materials for metallic parts in different industries, such as wind energy, aerospace, marine, and automotive. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40826.     

Research on the mechanical properties prediction of carbon/epoxy composite laminates with different void contents

The influence of the porosity on the static mechanical strength of the carbon fiber fabric reinforced epoxy composites laminates was investigated. The tensile, compressive, bending, and interlaminar strength test on the CFRP laminates with porosity of 0.33% and 1.50% were conducted and simulated by a finite element analysis model. The article proposes the failure criterion of the static mechanical strength of the fabric fiber reinforced composites based on the improved Hashin failure criterion that is suitable for the undirectional composite laminates. The basic composite strength parameters are used to evaluate the mechanical properties of CFRP laminates with different porosities. A finite element analysis model is established by using software ABAQUS™ combined with the sudden stiffness degradation model. The experiment results show that the tensile, compressive, bending, and interlaminar strength decrease with the increasing porosities. The tensile, compressive, bending, and interlaminar strength of the fabric carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites laminates are simulated accurately by the finite element model. POLYM. COMPOS., 14–20, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

香蕉纤维的表面改性及其增强环氧树脂复合材料的性能研究

采用硅烷偶联剂(A-174)偶联、高锰酸钾接枝和乙酰化包覆等3种方法对香蕉纤维进行表面改性,制备了改性香蕉纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料,测试其拉伸、弯曲、压缩、冲击等力学性能。结果表明,偶联、接枝、包覆等表面改性均能明显改善香蕉纤维与基体树脂的相容性,提高复合材料的力学性能,其中偶联改性的效果最好。当改性香蕉纤维含量为10wt%时,与未改性的香蕉纤维比较,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、压缩强度分别提高了1.8、1.0、2.6倍;随着纤维含量的增加,复合材料的力学性能明显提高。     

混杂比对交织芳纶碳纤维复合材料力学性能的影响

为了分析混杂比对层内混杂复合材料力学性能的影响,利用交织方式制备芳纶碳纤维混杂增强体织物,并通过交织物纬纱系统中芳纶与碳纤维的纱线配置比例调整碳纤维在增强体结构中的混杂比。采用真空辅助成型技术制备层内混杂结构的芳纶碳纤维混杂（ACFH）复合材料,并对复合材料的拉伸性能、弯曲性能和冲击性能进行测试。结果表明,增强体纬向系统中芳纶与碳纤维的不均质性对ACFC复合材料经方向上的拉伸强度起消极作用;混杂比的增加对ACFC复合材料的纬向拉伸破坏和弯曲损伤具有抑制作用;纬向上,ACFC复合材料的拉伸强度最高提高了近6倍,弯曲强度最小增加了4.04倍;芳纶与碳纤维混杂协同作用有利于ACFC复合材料的抗冲击性能改善,且混杂比存在最佳值。     

玻纤增强PP热塑性片材的制备及力学性能研究

采用熔融浸渍法制备了玻璃纤维毡增强聚丙烯（PP）热塑性复合片材;通过在PP中加入复合改性PP改善了基体与增强纤维间的相容性;考察了相容剂、PP种类及玻纤毡种类对复合片材的影响。结果表明,相容剂的加入可使复合片材的拉伸强度提高29％、拉伸模量提高23％、弯曲强度提高42％、弯曲模量提高25％;高熔体质量流动速率PP可使片材的弯曲与冲击性能进一步改善。连续玻纤毡和长玻纤毡增强PP复合片材,前者综合力学性能良好,而后者则冲击强度较弱、弯曲性能加强。     

Preparation and mechanical characterization of chicken feather/PLA composites

Green composites, a bio‐based polymer matrix is reinforced by natural fibers, are special class of bio‐composites. Interest about green composites is continuously growing because they are environment‐friendly. This study describes the preparation and mechanical characterization of green composites using polylactic acid (PLA) matrix including chicken feather fiber (CFF) as reinforcement. Extrusion and an injection molding process were used to prepare CFF/PLA composites at a controlled temperature range. CFF/PLA composites with fiber mass content of 2%, 5%, and 10% were manufactured. The effects of fiber concentration and fiber length on mechanical properties of CFF/PLA composites have been studied. Mechanical properties of composites were investigated by tensile, compression, bending, hardness, and Izod impact testing. The results of experiments indicated that Young's modulus, compressive strength, flexural modulus, and hardness of the PLA reinforced CFF composites are higher but tensile strength, elongation at break, bending strength and impact strength of them are lower than pure PLA. The results indicate that these types of composites can be used for various applications. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:837–845, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

注射成型短碳纤维增强聚乙烯复合材料力学性能的研究

研究了碳纤维含量对注射成型高密度聚乙烯/碳纤维复合材料拉伸强度、硬度和弹性模量的影响。结果表明,随着碳纤维含量的增加,复合材料的硬度、弹性模量和拉伸强度逐渐增大;当碳纤维含量小于3.3 %时,复合材料的硬度、弹性模量和拉伸强度成线性增加趋势;当碳纤维含量大于3.3 %时,复合材料的硬度、弹性模量和拉伸强度的上升趋势增大。     

乙二胺修饰的碳纳米管对环氧树脂力学性能的影响

利用乙二胺对多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)进行化学修饰,并制备碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料,研究了乙二胺修饰的碳纳米管对碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的影响。实验表明,碳纳米管经乙二胺修饰后,改善了它在环氧树脂中的分散性,提高了环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能。氨基化碳纳米管用量达1.0%时,复合材料的冲击强度、断裂伸长率、拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别较纯环氧树脂提高200%、275%、48%和30%。     

Biopolyamide hybrid composites for high performance applications

This study focuses on the performance characteristics of wood/short carbon fiber hybrid biopolyamide11 (PA11) composites. The composites were produced by melt‐compounding of the fibers with the polyamide via extrusion and injection molding. The results showed that mechanical properties, such as tensile and flexural strength and modulus of the wood fiber composites were significantly higher than the PA11 and hybridization with carbon fiber further enhanced the performance properties, as well as the thermal resistance of the composites. Compared to wood fiber composites (30% wood fiber), hybridization with carbon fiber (10% wood fiber and 20% carbon fiber) increased the tensile and flexural modulus by 168% and 142%, respectively. Izod impact strength of the hybrid composites exhibited a good improvement compared to wood fiber composites. Thermal properties and resistance to water absorption of the composites were improved by hybridization with carbon fiber. In overall, the study indicated that the developed hybrid composites are promising candidates for high performance applications, where high stiffness and thermal resistance are required. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43595.     

芳纶针织物复合材料力学性能研究

为探究芳纶针织物复合材料的力学性能,用电子织物强力机对平板硫化机制得的芳纶针织物复合材料进行拉伸、弯曲、压缩性能测试,结果表明:芳纶针织物增强复合材料为非脆性破坏;经硅烷偶联剂处理有效地提高了芳纶针织物增强复合材料的抗拉、抗弯、抗压强度;罗纹空气层组织的抗拉、抗弯及抗压性能优于满针罗纹组织。