健康教育在糖尿病患者中的应用效果

目的 探讨健康教育在糖尿病患者中的应用效果.方法 随机抽取30例糖尿病患者,对30例糖尿病患者进行糖尿病知识的健康教育,并给予饮食、运动、监测等方面的指导,并强调患者及家属的参与,比较健康教育前后30例患者的血糖控制情况和自我管理能力.结果 实施健康教育后糖尿病患者血糖控制情况较健康教育前有所改善,患者自我管理能力较健康教育前有提高(p＜0.05).结论 健康教育有利于提高患者糖尿病知识水平,并进一步帮助患者提高自我管理能力,稳定和控制血糖.     

临床路径在产科健康教育中的应用效果

目的 探讨临床路径在产科健康教育中的应用效果.方法 随机抽取2010年2月～2010年10月在本院住院分娩的产妇200例,其中100例为观察组,100例为对照组.观察组采用本院自制的产科健康教育临床路径进行健康宣教,对照组采用传统的健康教育宣教方法进行健康宣教.比较2组产妇自然分娩率、健康教育知识掌握率、对护士工作的满意率、产后出血量、新生儿黄疸出现时间和消退时间.结果 观察组产妇自然分娩率、健康教育知识掌握率、对护士工作的满意率高于对照组;观察组产妇产后2h及产后24h出血量低于对照组;观察组新生儿黄疸出现时间迟于对照组;观察组新生儿黄疸消退时间早于对照组,差异有统计学意义(p＜0.05).结论 应用产科健康教育临床路径对提高产妇自然分娩率、健康教育知识掌握率、对护士工作的满意率,减少产妇产后出血、新生儿病理性黄疸的发生有明显效果.     

健康教育在2型糖尿病患者中的应用及效果

目的 探讨健康教育在2型糖尿病患者中的应用并评价其实施效果.方法 对本科收治的120例2型糖尿病患者采用多媒体授课、互动提问、个体指导有计划地实施糖尿病知识、技能的教育,对饮食指导、运动治疗、自我血糖监测、胰岛素的应用及并发症的防治进行教育,比较实施前后患者对糖尿病知识的了解情况、空腹血糖和餐后血糖.结果 实施健康教育提高了患者对糖尿病知识的了解,降低了空腹血糖和餐后血糖,延缓了并发症的发生(p＜0.05).结论 健康教育对2型糖尿病患者控制血糖、提高生活质量起着重要的作用.     

健康教育在高血压病患者中的应用

原发性高血压是当今危害人类健康的主要疾病之一,是冠心病,脑卒中的主要危险因素,严重威胁到人类的生命.临床积极开展原发性高血压患者的健康教育非常必要,主要对高血压病患者突出以健康教育为特点,以护理程序为框架,在收集资料和护理体检后作出评估.针对不同层次病员,制定不同的健康教育的内容和方法,提高了患者的治疗效果和生活质量,同时也提高了病人对护士的信任感和满意率.     

健康教育在护理工作中的应用

健康教育是以全体人民为对象,通过生理、心理的、社会的以及与健康密切相关的知识教育,改变不利健康的各种行为习惯,建立科学的生活方式,使人人具有自我保健能力,进而达到在精神、身体、社会交往等方面保持健全的状态.我科初步实行健康教育以来,收到了良好的效果.加强了护患之间的关系,让病人充分意识到,康复的过程中,护士有责任帮助病人满足他们的各种需要,尽快治疗好疾病,同时在整个护理工作中也需要病人的很好地配合,这样,即弥补了护理人员对健康教育知识的缺乏,也增强了病人战胜疾病的信心.因此,将健康教育贯穿了整个护理程序中是必要的.下面谈一下如何把健康教育运用于护理工作中的一些方面.     

系统健康教育对腰椎间盘突出症患者的效果评价

目的 探讨系统的健康教育对腰椎间盘突出症患者病情转归的影响.方法 对照组(60例)实施常规出院指导,观察组(60例)除采取常规指导外,还采用语言和文字相结合的出院宣教、电话随访等方式系统地实施健康教育.记录观察组腰突症患者接受系统的健康教育前后对基本知识的掌握程度,评价2组患者治疗效果.结果 健康教育后观察组患者对基本知识的熟悉程度明显提高,2组患者对护理工作的满意度和出院后随访症状的差异有统计学意义(p<0.05).结论 对腰突症患者实施系统的健康教育,能有效提高患者的知识水平和满意度,减轻症状.     

健康教育在高血压病患者护理中的应用

目的:通过有计划的健康教育帮助高血压病患者了解自己的健康状况,选择有益健康的行为和生活方式,达到降低或消除影响健康的因素.方法:60例高血压患者随机分为2组,对照组按传统的常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上给予有针对性的健康教育.结果:观察组患者对高血压病的认识、相关药物知识、自测血压方法、生活方式及血压的控制优于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0 05).结论:健康教育可提高高血压患者的认识水平,将血压控制在正常或接近正常水平,降低危险因素,提高患者的生活质量.     

面向视网膜脱离手术的硅油填充模拟

针对传统医疗手段无法有效量化评估手术中不同硅油加注量对于视网膜裂孔贴附效果的问题,本文提出一种面向视网膜脱离手术的硅油填充模拟方法,基于物理建模与计算机数值离散化技术对眼内受力、硅油填充状态进行分析,并对填充模拟过程进行三维模型构建与可视化,实现医疗过程决策辅助目的。首先对人类眼球与手术器具进行基础建模与模型采样,模拟手术流程中眼球状态;然后,根据水与硅油的密度、黏滞系数、表面张力等不同物理性质,对水?硅油两相流动及交互进行模拟;最后,构建固液交互模型,实现多相液体在眼球中的运动与填充。实验结果表明,本文方法能够较好地呈现眼球内多相流体运动交互效果,实现了诸如表面张力、固液耦合、液体分层、连通器效应等效果,实现了对眼内腔中通过导管注入硅油与排出水分流程的模拟,为预测硅油填充后的眼内状态提供了一种有效的方式,辅助医生进行手术流程规划与效果预测。      

全程式教育模式在糖尿病健康教育中的应用

目的 探讨全程式教育模式在糖尿病健康教育中的应用.方法 使用随机数字表法将214例2型糖尿病患者随机分为观察组和对照组,各107例.对观察组实施双向全程式教育模式,对照组给予一般传统教育模式,比较2组患者在自我管理能力及病情控制方面指标变化情况,并进行比较分析.结果 观察组患者在自我管理能力及病情监测指标方面的改善明显优于对照组,2组差异有统计学意义(p<0.05).结论 全程式教育模式有利于糖尿病患者提高自我管理能力,改善病情,值得临床推广使用.     

浅谈健康教育在冠心病护理中的应用

冠心病(简称CAD)是一种常见的身心疾病,由于心理、社会、个性和生物等多种易患因素,使冠状动脉粥样硬化、狭窄、阻塞,引起心肌缺血、缺氧甚至坏死,而导致心绞痛、心律失常、心肌梗死、心力衰竭或心脏骤停.冠心病正威胁着人类的生命,随着我国老龄化进程的加快,生活水平的提高,导致冠心病的发病率逐年增加.在我国心血管疾病的死亡率已跃居首位,冠心病的防治迫在眉睫,如何有效地降低其死亡率是目前医学和护理界研究的热点.有关资料表明,许多冠心病患者并不是死于疾病本身,而是死于对自己健康的无知和不健康的生活方式,为此,对冠心病患者进行系统的健康教育尤为重要.随着医学模式的转化,护理工作的指导思想逐步从以病人为中心的护理观,向着以人为中心的护理观转变,患者健康教育的规范化、程序化、个人化随之也得以充分体现.对CAD病人实施健康教育可以取得事半功倍的效果,因此,对病人开展有关心理行为、生活方式等方面的健康知识教育非常必要.     

An evaluation of the effectiveness of competency-based code blue education

Two types of mock code programs were compared. The specific factors investigated were nurse satisfaction, comfort, and retention of knowledge and skills. A sample of 48 nurses initially participated in the mock code program, with 45 nurses participating in the 6-month follow-up evaluation. The study revealed that competency-based and group code blue programs resulted in similar levels of satisfaction, knowledge, and rate of performance of critical elements 6 months after the initial program.     

Ultrasonic evaluation of the vitreous and retina

Ultrasonic evaluation of the vitreous body augments and complements visual and clinical assessment in any condition in which some form of media opacity exists, eg, cornea, lens, hemorrhage, or subretinal mass. The appearance of the eye in hypotony, the presence of foreign material, the pattern of hemorrhage, and the presence of a detached retina or choroid are all identifiable and their diagnosis may be of critical importance to patient management. Patterns of diabetic retinopathy and ocular tumors are usually characteristic using conventional 10 MHz ultrasound. The use of Very High Frequency (VHF or UBM) ultrasound can identify ciliary body detachment or other retroiridal pathology, such as tumors and cysts.     

Students' evaluation of education in psychiatry

Students' written evaluations covering four years of education have been collected. According to the students' judgment, excursions, seminars involving presentation of patients, and teaching and problem solving in small groups were worthwhile. In general, the gain from lectures was regarded as low. The clinical rotation, predominantly based on hospital inpatient services, had been valuable for some, of limited value for about one half, and a waste of time for more than a quarter of the students. Hospital based teaching takes up most of the students' time and most of the institute's financial resources. According to the student's reports, however, it contributes only with 14% of the total gain from the course. Evaluations collected on several years of education provide information which cannot be obtained from a single assessment.     

Clinical evaluation of body hair in healthy women

AIM: to study the amount and distribution of terminal body hair in non-hirsute women consulting in a public outpatient clinic. PATIENTS AND METHODS: two hundred thirty six premenopausal women consulting in a birth control clinic or consulting for acute non-endocrinological diseases were studied. Body hair was assessed with a semi-quantitative clinical method described by Ferriman and Gallwey. RESULTS: Ninety-five percent of women had a score equal or less than 5. No correlations were found between the score and body mass index or age. Partial scores over 1 were found specially in the lower abdomen, chest, superior lip and thighs. CONCLUSIONS: This sample of women, coming from middle and low socioeconomic levels, appears more hairless than European or North American Women. Thus, hirsutism must be suspected with scores over 5. These results cannot be extrapolated to all Chilean women, due to differences in ethnical backgrounds.     

The importance of healthy communities of higher education

A framework for understanding issues that contribute to vibrant and healthy communities of higher education is presented. The focus is on how individual and community health relate to institutional missions, purposes, and goals. This framework may be applied to 2-year and 4-year colleges and universities whether they are public, private, research, teaching, sectarian, religious, residential, or computer institutions. The following questions are addressed: Why should colleges maintain healthy communities? How do we define health in colleges and universities? Why is this important for society? What are the key responsibilities in fostering healthy educational communities? Who is responsible for assuring that this happens? What added value do personal and community health yield for institutions of higher education? Readers are provided with a rationale for assessing the role and importance of individual and community health in their campus environments; engaging students, faculty, and staff in discussions about these issues; and determining whether more thorough, systematic, and intensive community health assessments or interventions are needed in their campus settings.     

A case-control study of the effectiveness of BCG vaccine for preventing leprosy in Yangon, Myanmar

BACKGROUND: Five randomized trials, a follow-up study, and six case-control investigations of BCG vaccine's effectiveness (VE) for preventing leprosy have been conducted internationally, with widely varying estimates of VE. Because of the difficulty of generalizing from disparate results, local estimates of VE are needed for health planning purposes and are currently particularly relevant, given the World Health Organization's (WHO) goal to eliminate leprosy by the year 2000. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study in Yangon, Myanmar. Residents of Yangon between the ages of 6 years and 24 years who were listed in the National Leprosy Registry as being on active treatment for leprosy between December 1992 and April 1993 were eligible to participate in the study as cases. Control subjects were matched to the cases on age, sex, and neighbourhood. RESULTS: One or more doses of BCG were associated with a VE of 66%. The results show a significant trend of increasing VE with increasing number of BCG doses (one dose, VE = 55%; two doses, VE = 68%; three doses, VE = 87%). One dose of BCG vaccine appeared to provide protection substantially higher than that found in an earlier vaccine trial in Myanmar, but consistent with results from case-control studies in other countries. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that BCG reduces the risk of leprosy in Myanmar, and that BCG vaccination of infants, along with early case-finding and treatment, should be considered an important part of the leprosy intervention strategy.     

当前加强高等教育绩效评价的必要性分析

把绩效考核评价的概念和办法引入高等教育，可以对难于量化的、动态的教育活动的全过程实施动态评价。本文阐述了教育绩效评估产生的缘起、界定和对社会的现实意义，同时也对绩效指标的分类进行了简要的说明。