腹腔镜及开腹胆囊切除术治疗胆囊炎的对比分析

目的:比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术和开腹胆囊切除术治疗胆囊炎的疗效及并发症.方法:将2010年1月～2011年3月收治的80例患者作为研究对象,随机分成腹腔镜胆囊切除术组和开腹胆囊切除术组,两组各40例,观察两组术后恢复情况及并发症.结果:开腹组术后疼痛时间长于腹腔镜组(P <0.05),开腹组术后肛门排气明显晚于腹腔镜组 (P <0.05),开腹组术后下床活动时间明显晚于腹腔镜组 (P <0.05),开腹组术后感染等并发症的发生率明显高于腹腔镜组(P <0.05).结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术比开腹胆囊切除术创伤小、疗效高、并发症少、疼痛轻、恢复快,且对患者的免疫功能影响较小,腹腔镜胆囊切除术的综合优势较明显,适用于临床推广使用.     

腹腔镜治疗老年急性胆囊炎疗效观察

目的:观察腹腔镜治疗老年急性胆囊炎的临床疗效.方法:选择我院 2008 年 1 月～2010年 10 月老年急性胆囊炎患者90例,据手术方式将行腹腔镜胆囊切除术45 例作为观察组,行开腹胆囊切除术 45例作为对照组.结果:90例手术均获成功,其中观察组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、下床活动时间、住院时间等方面明显优于对照组,2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论:老年急性胆囊炎只要把握手术时机,耐心细致、规范地操作,腹腔镜胆囊切除术是安全可行的.     

腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术的围手术期护理

目的 探讨腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术围手术期的护理方法.方法 对56例腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术和32例传统开腹直肠癌根治术患者的临床护理资料进行回顾性分析.结果 56例患者实施腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术治疗并在围手术期通过科学的护理,与传统开腹手术组相比,出血量少,切口疼痛程度轻,下床活动时间及住院时间显著缩短(p<0.01),大便失禁等并发症明显减少(p<0.05).结论 腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术具有出血少、疼痛程度轻、并发症少、恢复快等优点;围手术期的心理护理、术前充分准备、术后密切观察、科学护理及给予肛门括约肌功能锻炼等是提高手术成功率、促进患者尽快恢复的关键.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎的临床研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术在治疗急性胆囊炎中的应用价值.方法:对2007年1月至2009年1月在我科施行LC术治疗的急性胆囊炎的60例患者的临床资料进行回顾分析.结果:58例成功行LC术;2例中转开腹手术,其中Calot三角解剖不清、周围致密粘连者1例,胆囊动脉出血者1例.所有术后无严重并发症发生.结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎安全可行.     

内镜联合LC治疗胆囊胆总管结石的效果观察

目的 探讨对胆囊胆总管结石的患者采用内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)乳头括约肌切开术(EST)联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗的效果.方法 本院2009年1月～2010年6月间明确诊断为胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的患者118~],其中ERCP+LC组60例,开腹组共58例.观察2组的手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量及术后肛门开始排气时间、离床活动时间、镇痛药的应用、并发症、住院天数、住院费用等.结果.ERCP+LC组较开腹组,切口长度小,术中出血量少,平均住院时间短,并发症少、疼痛程度轻.而住院费用及平均手术时间两者问差异无统计学意义.结论 ERCP联合LC治疗胆囊、胆总管结石是目前一种比较成熟的、安全的微创治疗方法,具有创伤小、痛苦少、恢复快、住院时间短等优点,对患者术后康复和护理质量的提高有着重要的意义.     

人工髋关节置换治疗股骨颈骨折48例疗效观察

目的:探讨应用人工髋关节置换治疗股骨颈骨折的临床疗效.方法:选择我院2006年1月-2010年1月96例股骨颈骨折患者作为研究对象,分为观察组和对照组各48例,观察组采用人工全髋关节置换术,对照组采用股骨头置换术,观察比较两组的临床疗效及手术效果.结果:观察组的优良率为97.92%(47/48)明显高于对照组优良率(81.25%),两组优良率比较,经统计学处理,差异有统计学意义.观察组的手术时间、书中出血量及住院时间、卧床时间于对照组比较,经统计学处理,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).观察组术后疼痛、术后假体脱位、下肢深静脉血栓形成的发生率明显低于对照组.结论:人工髋关节置换治疗股骨颈骨折与股骨头置换术比较,手术效果相似,但优良率高,术后并发症发生率低,值得临床推广和应用.     

腹腔镜治疗急性胆囊炎的临床观察

目的:探讨腹腔镜在急性胆囊炎治疗方面的临床应用.方法:选择社区服务中心2010年1月至2010年12月期间实施腹腔镜手术的24例急性胆囊炎患者,对患者实施腹腔镜手术治疗.结果:本组患者中顺利完成腹腔镜手术22例,2例中转开腹手术.患者在腹腔镜手术后住院3至10天,均没有出现胆管损伤、腹腔出血、胆漏等并发症,均治愈出院.结论:腹腔镜手术应用于急性胆囊炎的治疗是安全的、有效的.     

腹腔镜下子宫内膜异位症受孕率的临床研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜治疗子宫内膜异位症后的受孕情况.方法:回顾性分析2007年1月-2008年12月在我院住院行手术治疗子宫内膜异位症病例共82例,其中腹腔镜手术组55例,传统开腹组27例,随访术后两组受孕情况.结果:82例子宫内膜异位症者,排除干扰因素后腹腔镜手术组妊娠率为40%(22/55),传统开腹组妊娠率为26%(7/27),腹腔镜手术组妊娠率高于剖腹手术组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:腹腔镜手术可提高子宫内膜异位症患者的妊娠率,在腹腔镜下清除腹腔液及进行盆腔异位内膜病灶消融术,能较完全的破坏盆腔异位内膜病灶,对各期特别是Ⅰ、Ⅱ期的内异症患者生育力的恢复,有重要的作用.     

超导可视无痛人工流产术的临床应用体会

目的:探讨人工流产术采用超导可视无痛方法应用的效果.方法:选择我院妇产科2009年1月至2011年1月收治的早孕患者360例,随机分为两组,观察组180例采用传统人工无痛流产术,对照组180例采用全程超导可视无痛工作流产术,对两组临床结果进行回顾性比较分析.结果:两组患者术中无痛率和生命体征稳定情况比较无明显差异(P>0.05).但观察组手术时间和术中出血量明显少于对照组,术后观察组有轻微疼痛出现2例,对照组12例,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).对照组发生并发症19例,占10.6%;观察组1例,占0.56%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:超导可视无痛人工流产术克服了传统手术的盲吸盲刮,手术时间较短、吸宫彻底,对正常组织不造成损伤,痛苦较小,并发症发生率低,使手术安全性显著提高,具有较高的临床应用价值.     

腹腔镜直肠癌根治术29例疗效观察

1 临床资料 1.1 一般资料 2009年9月-2010年5月本科术前通过肠镜检查诊断为直肠癌的患者29例,采用腹腔镜直肠癌根治术治疗(腹腔镜组),其中男性17例,女性12例,年龄39~67岁,平均51岁.随机抽取同期术前通过肠镜检查诊断为直肠癌的患者29例,采用开腹直肠癌根治术(开腹组),其中男性15例,女性14例,年龄在36~70岁,平均年龄52岁,术后均进行病理检查.两组患者的性别、年龄及病理类型比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.