Electrospun Fe2O3 nanotubes and Fe3O4 nanofibers by citric acid sol‐gel method

Citric acid‐based sol‐gel method has been used to synthesize metal oxides widely. Iron‐based one‐dimensional nanostructured materials, including Fe₂O₃ nanotubes and Fe₃O₄ nanofibers, have been successfully prepared by directly annealing electrospun citric acid‐based precursor fibers under different atmospheres in this study. Thermo‐gravimetric and differential thermal analyses were carried out from room temperature to 800°C under air and argon atmosphere, respectively. The results reveal the formation mechanisms for Fe₂O₃ nanotube and Fe₃O₄ nanofiber. Fe₂O₃ tubular structures with average inner diameter about 500 nm and wall thickness about 20 nm were obtained. Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were self‐assembled along the one dimensional orientation to form Fe₃O₄ nanofibers with average diameter around 500 nm. The reflection losses as a function of frequency for the samples with 23 and 33 wt% Fe₃O₄ nanofibers in paraffin were examined. The frequency dependence of reflection losses under various matching thicknesses (2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 mm) was simulated. The as‐fabricated Fe₃O₄ nanofibers can be believed to be promising candidates as highly effective microwave absorbers.     

Effect of polyethylenimine addition and washing on stability and electrophoretic deposition of Co3O4 nanoparticles

In this work, the parameters of cobalt oxide suspension such as conductivity, zeta potential, particle size, stability, and finally the electrophoretic behavior of particles in the absence and presence of polyethylenimine (PEI) in acetone medium were investigated. Also, the effects of washing on the stability and electrophoretic deposition of Co₃O₄ were studied. Characterization of the obtained layer by optical microscopy revealed that there was no deposition in the suspension without PEI, while a uniform layer was formed in the presence of PEI additive. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results confirmed the uniformity of layer obtained in acetone using PEI additive. Moreover, SEM results demonstrated that more porous microstructures were obtained at longer deposition durations. The difference in the porosity of the layers, as indicated by the SEM micrographs, is attributed to increase in the deposition time.     

氧化铁/层状双金属氢氧化物复合材料的制备

制备由不同结构单元组成的复合材料是提高材料性能的一种有效方法.分别采用两种方式(双滴共沉淀法和LDHs层板附着生长法)制备Fe3 O4/层状双金属氢氧化物(LDHs)复合材料.利用X-射线衍射、电子显微分析和红外光谱等测试方法研究了LDHs和Fe3 O4的复合方式对复合材料形貌、粒径和结晶性能的影响.同时对比分析了两种制备方案得到的Fe3OJLDHs复合材料生长规律.实验结果表明,采用双滴共沉淀法制备的Fe3OJLDHs复合材料具有层状结构和良好的结晶性.     

铁对R2O-CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系玻璃微晶化的影响

就石材锯切粉在微晶玻璃中应用的主要问题-铁对析晶的影响展开研究。结果表明，少量铁（〈2mol％）的引入，可能引起析晶参数的升高，但外加铁含量超过2mol％时均可降低析晶参数，并使起始析晶至析晶峰的温度区间（Tp-Tg）变窄；外加铁量〈2mol％时，不同含铁量配方的（Tp—Tg）区间重叠显著，可以采用同一温度晶化处理；配方含铁与否对主晶相没有明显影响，但影响玻璃的析晶能力，铁含量〈2mol％时，使玻璃体析晶能力增加，接近或大于3mol％时，玻璃析晶能力降低；微粉制备微晶玻璃可以大幅度缩短晶化时间。     

Equilibrium Studies of the System'(Fe,Co)O'–(Fe,Co)3O4 by Solid-State emf Measurements in the Temperature Range 970 to 1370 K

The equilibrium reaction 3'(Fe, Co)O'( ss ) +1/2O₂ ( g ) ⇄ (Fe, Co)₃O₄( ss ) was studied in the temperature range 970 to 1370 K for seven different total compositions of molar ratios 0.5 < Fe/(Fe + Co) ≤ 1.0. The equilibrium pressures of oxygen were determined by using galvanic cells incorporating calcia stabilized zirconia as solid electrolyte and the Fe/Co ratios in the solid-solution phases by wavelength dispersive spectrometry microprobe analyses. The activities of 'FeO' in the cobaltowüstite phase were then derived from the experimental results obtained.     

液相沉淀-煅烧法制备大粒径球形四氧化三钴

以硫酸钴为原料,碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂,采用液相沉淀法合成了大粒径球形碳酸钴,考察了不同晶种量、pH和硫酸钴溶液流量对碳酸钴形貌、粒度分布、振实密度和硫元素质量分数的影响,并探究了碳酸钴的生长机理。通过分步煅烧,并设置不同升温时间使碳酸钴热分解,得出优化四氧化三钴理化指标的煅烧条件。结果表明,当晶种量为2 kg,pH在7.2～7.5,硫酸钴溶液流量为500 mL/h时,采用分段式热分解碳酸钴,各温区按统一时间(60 min)升温,所得四氧化三钴形貌为球形,中值粒径为16.52μm,振实密度达2.26 g/cm3。     

Synthesis,Properties, and Selected Technical Applications of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles: A Review

In the last few decades, there has been a trend involving the use of nanoscale fillers in a variety of applications. Significant improvements have been achieved in the areas of their preparation and further applications (e.g., in industry, agriculture, and medicine). One of these promising materials is magnesium oxide (MgO), the unique properties of which make it a suitable candidate for use in a wide range of applications. Generally, MgO is a white, hygroscopic solid mineral, and its lattice consists of Mg2+ ions and O2− ions. Nanostructured MgO can be prepared through different chemical (bottom-up approach) or physical (top-down approach) routes. The required resultant properties (e.g., bandgap, crystallite size, and shape) can be achieved depending on the reaction conditions, basic starting materials, or their concentrations. In addition to its unique material properties, MgO is also potentially of interest due to its nontoxicity and environmental friendliness, which allow it to be widely used in medicine and biotechnological applications.     

Synthesis of Gallium Oxide Hydroxide Crystals in Aqueous Solutions with or without Urea and Their Calcination Behavior

Gallium oxide hydroxide (GaOOH· x H₂O) single crystals were synthesized in aqueous solutions by using two different precipitation techniques: homogeneous decomposition of urea and forced hydrolysis in pure water. Precipitation of crystals started at exactly the same pH value (i.e., 2.05 at 85°C) in both cases. The morphology of crystals turned out to be quite different (zeppelin-like with urea, rodlike without urea) in each of the above methods. Calcination of these gallium oxide hydroxide crystals in air at temperatures ≥500°C transformed them into Ga₂O₃. Characterization of the samples was performed by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ICP, carbon, and nitrogen analyses.     

Current-Voltage Characteristics across (0001) Twist Boundaries in Zinc Oxide Bicrystals

Current-voltage ( I – V ) characteristics across (0001) twist boundaries with various misorientation angles were investigated in undoped ZnO bicrystals fabricated by a hot-joining technique. It was confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy that the boundaries were perfectly joined without intergranular phase. None of the bicrystals prepared in this study exhibited nonlinear I – V characteristics irrespective of coherency at the boundaries. Therefore, grain-boundary atomic configuration had no relation to the formation of double Schottky barriers at the (0001) twist boundaries in ZnO.     

BaO−B2O3 system and its mysterious member Ba3B2O6

The first systematic study of the BaO–B₂O₃ system and barium orthoborate Ba₃B₂O₆ (3BaO·B₂O₃) was reported in 1949. Thereafter, the system was repeatedly refined but the structure of Ba₃B₂O₆ compound has not been adequately studied yet. In our study we have, for the first time, obtained the crystalline samples of Ba₃B₂O₆. The solved structure (Pbam, a = 13.5923(4) Å, b = 13.6702(4) Å, c = 14.8894(3) Å) belongs to the class of ‘anti‐zeolite’ borates with a pseudotetragonal [Ba₁₂(BO₃)₆]⁶⁺ cation pattern which contains channels along the c axis filled with anionic clusters. The Ba₃B₂O₆ compound may be regarded as a fluorine‐free end‐member of the Ba₃(BO₃)_2–xF_3x solid solution. The BaO–B₂O₃ phase diagram presented in our study is based on our research and literature data.     

Ca3Co4O9基氧化物热电材料研究进展

详细综述了提高Ca3Co4O9基氧化物热电性能的主要途径,包括制备工艺的改进、掺杂改性研究、热电性能的结构调控等,着重从Ca位掺杂和Co位掺杂两个方面介绍了Ca3Co4O9在掺杂改性方面的研究进展,并提出了该材料存在的问题和今后的发展方向。     

Preparation of High-Performance Co3O4 Catalyst for Hydrocarbon Combustion from Co-Containing Hydrogarnet

Supported Co₃O₄ catalysts were prepared via the calcination of Co-containing hydrogarnet, (Ca_3-x Co _x )Al₂(SiO₄)_{3- y} (OH)_4y , at 400 °C. Such precursors with various extents of substitution were synthesized from the hydrothermal reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of calcium oxide, amorphous silica, alumina sol, and cobalt hydroxide at 200 °C. It was found that the catalyst consisted of Co₃O₄, CaO, and mayenite and exhibited a high activity for the combustion of propylene, benzene, and toluene at temperatures below 300 °C.     

添加Co2O3对微波低介电常数陶瓷机械品质因数的影响

研究了添加不同质量分数的Co2O3对Mg3TiO4-Mg2SiO3基微波低介瓷料微观结构及介电性能的影响，通过XRD，SEM分析，发现Co2O3在瓷料中起助溶作用，有效降低了瓷料的烧结温度，使瓷体致密化，同时降低了损耗即提高了机械品质因数Q。加入的Co2O3分解生成的Co2^ 置换主晶相Mg2TiO3中的Mg^2 形成了固溶体(Mg，Co)2TiO3。当添加质量分数为2．4％的Co2O3时获得介电性能较好的瓷料。     

Metastable Crystal Structure of Strontium- and Magnesium-Substituted LaGaO3

The metastable crystal structure of strontium- and magnesium-substituted LaGaO₃ (LSGM) was studied at room and intermediate temperatures using powder X-ray diffractometry and Rietveld refinement analysis. With increased strontium and magnesium content, phase transitions were found to occur from orthorhombic (space group Pbnm ) to rhombohedral (space group R [Threemacr] c ) at the composition La_0.825Sr_0.175Ga_0.825Mg_0.175O_2.825 and, eventually, to cubic (space group Pm [Threemacr] m ) at the composition La_0.8Sr_0.2Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_2.8. At 500°C in air and at constant strontium and magnesium content, a phase transformation from orthorhombic (space group Pbnm ) to cubic (space group Pm [Threemacr] m ) was observed. For the orthorhombic modification, thermal expansion coefficients were determined to be α _a ,ortho = 10.81 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹, α _b ,ortho = 9.77 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹, and α _c ,ortho = 9.83 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ (25°–400°C), and for the cubic modification to be α_cubic= 13.67 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ (500°–1000°C).     

Role of Structural Fe(III) and Iron Oxide Nanophases in Mullite Coloration

Six mullite samples, derived from heat-treated natural kaolinites with various iron content, were investigated and compared to synthetic monophasic mullite. They were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance. To quantify mullite coloration, the CIE colorimetric system was used. In contrast to synthetic mullite, samples showed charge transfer bands involving O²⁻ and Fe³⁺ ions as well as ferric crystal-field transitions due to Fe³⁺ ions in iron oxide nanoparticles. Absorption edges showed red shifts. The resulting yellowness, saturation of which increased with the content of iron oxide nanoparticles, is direct evidence for the coloring effect of Fe³⁺ ions.     

片状Fe3O4纳米颗粒在润滑油中的摩擦化学性质

以片状Fe3O4纳米颗粒为润滑油添加剂,在四球摩擦试验机中考察了其在#40机油中的摩擦化学性质和对摩擦副摩擦化学的影响。结果表明:与摩擦前的片状Fe3O4纳米颗粒相比,摩擦化学作用使得摩擦后纳米颗粒的性质(如:相组成、晶粒尺寸、比表面积、氧化转变温度、磁性能、结晶度和晶面间距)有所改变。片状Fe3O4纳米颗粒由于与摩擦副持续的高速摩擦产生了机械力化学效应,其诱发片状Fe3O4纳米颗粒在摩擦副表面发生摩擦化学反应,最终生成了一层或多层富含Fe、FeO、Fe3O4、γ-FeOOH、γ-Fe2O3和α-Fe2O3等物相的稳定抗摩擦自修复保护膜,从而阻止摩擦副直接接触,起到抗磨减摩作用。     

Monodispersed Spherical Particles of Brookite-Type TiO2: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Property

Phase-pure brookite of high crystallinity, which was classically obtained via hydrothermal treatment, has been synthesized under ambient pressure at 70°C via reacting a mixed solution of urea and titanium (III) chloride (instead of the widely used titanium (IV) compounds). The resultant particles are monodispersed spheres (∼154 nm) composed of brookite nanocrystals (∼25 nm), which are stable in terms of phase purity and morphology up to ∼500°C, above which a direct transition to rutile occurred. The as-made powder has a high specific surface area of ∼41.2 m²/g, which rapidly decreased to ∼9.7 m²/g after transforming to rutile at 700°C. The brookite powder shows good catalytic property for the decomposition of acetaldehyde under UV radiation.     

Al2O3/Fe2O3吸附剂脱除硫化氢的性能

采用共沉淀法制备了氧化铝改性的氧化铁吸附剂,并采用比表面积(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)技术对吸附剂进行了表征。在固定吸附床上,考察了制备条件及吸附条件对吸附剂脱除硫化氢性能的影响。结果表明,引入氧化铝能显著提高氧化铁对硫化氢的吸附净化能力。氧化铁与氧化铝质量比为1∶0.5,造孔剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)质量分数为2%,焙烧温度500℃时,采用共沉淀法的负载氧化铝吸附剂的吸附效果最好。在气速20 mL/min,吸附温度80℃时,脱硫率和穿透硫容可分别达到99.3%和105 mg/g,其穿透硫容比未经改性的活性氧化铁提高了49.8 mg/g。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Water-Based Epoxy-Acrylate/Graphene Oxide Decorated with Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Coatings and Its Enhanced Anticorrosion Properties

ABSTRACT

In this article, water-based epoxy–acrylate (EP/AC) emulsion coatings and its nanocomposites with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, graphene oxide nanosheets and graphene oxide which was decorated with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were synthesized. This was executed by means of a pre-emulsion seeded semi-batch emulsion polymerization handle with a blend of conventional anionic surfactant (Polyalkylene glycol ether sulfate, ammonium salt-EXOSEL 20 S) and typical nonionic type emulsifier (Octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether OP-10) for emulsion polymerization (schematic 1). Prepared nanoparticles were investigated with different analyzing methods like FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDAX and TGA. The impact of the distinctive nanostructures in an (EP/AC) resin, on coated steel panels with the features of corrosion conservation, was investigated by the test of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization. Morphology of surface and thermal behavior of nanocomposite tests were executed using surface filtering electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Different analyses resulted from nanostructures and nanocomposites approved very good dispersion of fillers in nanocomposite beads. Besides, they indicate the effective role of nanoparticles especially graphene oxide which was decorated with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in corrosion resistance of water-based EP/AC coatings and other properties of coated instances.     

Evaluation of Nano‐Co3O4 in HTPB‐Based Composite Propellant Formulations

Different propellant compositions were prepared by incorporating nano‐sized cobalt oxide from 0.25 % to 1 % in HTPB/AP/Al‐based composite propellant formulations with 86 % solid loading. The effects on viscosity build‐up, thermal, mechanical and ballistic properties were studied. The findings revealed that by increasing the percentage of nano‐Co₃O₄ in the composition, the end of mix viscosity, the modulus and the tensile strength increased, whereas the elongation decreased accordingly. The thermal property data envisaged a reduction in the decomposition temperature of ammonium perchlorate (AP) as well as formulations based on AP. The ballistic property data revealed an enhanced burning rate from 6.11 mm s⁻¹ (reference composition) to 8.99 mm s⁻¹ at 6.86 MPa and a marginal increase in pressure exponent from 0.35 (reference composition) to 0.42 with 1 % nano‐cobalt oxide.