微束等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层特性

采用轴向中心送粉式微束等离子喷涂系统在2kW级的小功率条件下制备了Al2O3陶瓷涂层.研究了电弧功率、工作气体流量和喷涂距离对粒子速度与涂层组织结构和性能的影响.采用光学显微镜观察涂层的组织结构,采用X射线衍射分析涂层的相结构,采用磨粒磨损质量损失表征涂层的性能,用热辐射粒子速度温度测量系统测试工艺参数对喷涂粒子速度的影响.结果表明,电弧功率、工作气体流量和喷涂距离对粒子速度的影响都比较明显,粒子速度随着电弧功率和工作气体流量的增加而增加,随着喷涂距离的增加而下降.涂层的磨粒磨损质量损失随电弧功率的增加而减少,而随工作气体流量和喷涂距离的增加而增加.分析表明粒子的温度对涂层磨粒磨损质量损失有较大的影响.采用微束等离子喷涂可以制备磨粒磨损性能与传统等离子喷涂在38kW下制备的涂层相当的Al2O3涂层.     

高硬度耐磨损电弧喷涂涂层研究

采用电弧喷涂方法制备的高硬度耐磨损JCW-B涂层可广泛应用于工业零部件耐磨表面.对涂层的组织、孔隙率、硬度、结合强度及耐磨粒磨损性能进行分析,对比研究该涂层与Ni60喷熔层的耐冲蚀性能.结果表明JCW-B涂层组织致密,孔隙率低于4%,显微硬度HV0.1高于1200,平均结合强度大于50MPa.研究了涂层的耐磨损机理,XRD结果显示涂层中主要含有Fe3B硬质相,对涂层起到弥散强化的作用.     

陶瓷颗粒增强镍合金复合涂层冲蚀磨损的试验研究

以WC,ZrO₂,Cr₂O₃和Al₂O₃陶瓷颗粒为增强相,镍合金粉末为基体,运用等离子喷涂技术制备四种陶瓷/镍合金复合涂层。采用冲蚀磨损试验机和正交试验方法,进行陶瓷颗粒相浓度、磨粒粒度、冲蚀角和速度对陶瓷颗粒/镍合金复合涂层抗冲蚀磨损性能影响的试验研究。采用表面形状测量仪对陶瓷颗粒/镍合金复合涂层磨损表面形貌进行测量和分析。试验结果得到WC,ZrO₂,Cr₂O₃和Al₂O₃四种陶瓷颗粒/镍合金复合涂层冲蚀磨损率的经验关联式。     

Characterization and wear behavior of plasma-sprayed Al2O3 and ZrO25CaO coatings on cast iron substrate

Plasma spraying is one of the methods used for combating wear. Despite of its wide spread industrial use, little is known about the basic friction behavior and mechanism by which such coatings wear. In this work, the abrasive wear resistance of plasma-sprayed ceramic coatings on cast iron substrate has been investigated through pin-on-disc test. It was found that the coefficient of friction and wear affected mainly by splats and porosity, surface roughness, and coating thickness. The coefficient of friction is found to be more significantly affected by load than by other test parameters. This work also includes the characterization of coatings.     

APPLICATION OF HIPING-THICK CERAMIC COATINGS ONTO METALS

The demand for high performance in the combustion equipment used in the automobile and aerospace industries is creating renewed interest in the use of ceramic protective coatings on metal surfaces. Sometimes, thick coating layers are required as thermal barriers or for wear resistance and hardness. Although plasma spraying is one of the promising processes available for depositing thick ceramic coatings onto metal surfaces, the presence of porosity in the coating coupled with lack of corrosion resistance of the coated materials, and the generally low strengths of both the coating layer and the coating-matrix interface may limit the use of the process. HIP treatment of ceramic coatings allows one to obtain dense coatings and also to increase the interfacial bond strength. The present paper reviews the recent advances in the post-HIPing of ceramic coatings as well as the use of HIP for sinter-coating by which a ceramic powder compact is sintered and bonded simultaneously to a metal surface.     

Surface Refinement of Metal Foams

Aluminium foams produced via the PM‐process are characterized by a moderate specific strength, a high surface roughness, and a poor wear behavior; to increase their mechanical properties and to improve the surface finish, wear and corrosion resistance; thermally sprayed coatings can be applied. The quality of the coating depends on the coating material, the chosen process, the preparation of the surface and spraying parameters. Aluminium alloys and iron based alloys for abrasive applications were deposited via electric arc spraying, ceramic coatings against wear were deposited by means of plasma spraying. Hard metallic coatings for severe abrasive applications were applied by high‐velocity‐oxyfuel spraying (HVOF). The results proved the suitability of this technique to significantly enhance the mechanical properties and the surface finish of metal foams. The specific strength and stiffness of the new composite materials outperform pure metal foams. The corrosion behavior was tested performing a salt spray test.     

含TiB2陶瓷相热喷涂涂层的研究进展

TiB2具有高耐磨、高耐腐蚀、耐高温、抗氧化等优异性能,但由于高脆性和材料制备的困难性,使其用作结构材料还很难.通过各种工艺制备含有TiB2陶瓷相的涂层既可充分发挥材料的优异特性,满足工件所需的耐磨耐高温耐腐蚀等性能,又节省了材料节约了成本.本研究介绍了先进陶瓷材料TiB2的主要结构性能以及目前制备TiB2涂层的主要方法,着重介绍了有关国内外热喷涂法制备含TiB2陶瓷相涂层的研究进展和成果,并对不同热喷涂工艺的特点与发展趋势做了分析和讨论,最后阐述了TiB2涂层的成功应用情况及其广阔的发展前景.     

The wear,deterioration and transformation phenomena of abradable coating BN–SiAl–bounding organic element,caused by the friction between the blades and the turbine casing

In modern design of gas turbines, the use of abradable materials for the coating seal of engines is widespread. Indeed, in order to increase efficiency of gas turbines, clearances between rotating blades and the casing should be as small as possible. Therefore, the blades scrape this BN–SiAl seal to form a minimum gap. The aim of this work is to investigate the behaviour of a particular abradable material, the BN–SiAl–bounding organic element, during interreaction with the blades under experimental conditions of operating the rotor blade. For this purpose, we use a Sulzer Metco abradability test. Tests are made with different incursion speeds of blade within the coating seal as well as linear blade velocities. The obtained results are shown in the form of graphs describing how the transfer of coating wear occurs and the different effects are observed on the coating surface.     

制备参数对等离子喷涂热障涂层高温冲蚀性能的影响

燃机热端部件热障涂层实际服役过程中不可避免发生高温冲蚀,引起涂层失效。采用等离子喷涂工艺制备不同喷涂距离、不同喷涂功率的热障涂层,并对其进行1 000℃/60°高温冲蚀试验,研究制备参数对热障涂层耐高温冲蚀性能的影响规律。结果表明:42 kW功率制备涂层,随喷涂距离的增加(110,120,130 mm),涂层耐高温冲蚀性能降低,冲蚀率显著增大(31.40,45.11,76.79 mg/g);110 mm喷涂距离下制备涂层,随喷涂功率的增加(39,42 kW),涂层耐高温冲蚀性能提高,冲蚀率减小(58.86,31.40 mg/g);涂层力学性能是影响其高温冲蚀性能的重要因素。     

粗糙度对热障涂层冲蚀失效的影响及模型建立

采用气体喷砂试验机研究了大气等离子喷涂(APS) ZrO₂-7%Y₂O₃(7YSZ)热障涂层的冲蚀失效机理, 分析了陶瓷层表面粗糙度对热障涂层冲蚀磨损率及失效行为的影响, 研究了基于多孔层状的热障涂层在常温高速粒子90°攻角下的冲蚀失效特征, 探讨了多孔层状结构对涂层冲蚀失效演变机制的作用, 此外, 建立了基于粗糙度的冲蚀失效数学模型。研究结果表明: 冲蚀磨损率与陶瓷层表面粗糙度呈线性递增关系; 涂层在高速粒子冲蚀下多孔层状结构加剧了涂层的冲蚀失效; 涂层表面在粒子冲蚀下承受着非均匀、非连续的压-压脉动循环载荷, 在微凸粗糙表面承载着正应力和切应力的相互作用; 正应力迫使涂层出现凹坑, 切应力易导致涂层出现沟槽, 并同时以原喷涂态表面网状裂纹为策源地诱发裂纹在粒子晶界和层间界面萌生扩展导致涂层产生粒子和片状剥落, 最终涂层显示出典型的磨粒磨损和低周疲劳失效形式。     

等离子喷涂镍基可磨耗封严涂层抗腐蚀及耐磨性能分析

采用高效能超音速等离子喷涂沉积Ni-C及NiCrAl-BN可磨耗封严涂层, 对比研究两种涂层的抗冲蚀磨损、耐腐蚀及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明: 两种涂层中的润滑相均匀分布在金属连续相之中, 但与Ni-C涂层相比, NiCrAl-BN涂层中的润滑相尺寸较为细小, 表面硬度较高。当冲蚀角度由30°增加到90°后, 两种涂层冲蚀磨损失重量明显提高。NiCrAl-BN涂层的相对冲蚀速率约为Ni-C涂层的50%, 表明NiCrAl-BN涂层具有较为优良的抗冲蚀性能。Ni-C涂层在稀盐酸中(1vol%)发生了明显的电化学腐蚀, 在石墨片周围容易形成腐蚀产物; 酸液会沿NiCrAl-BN涂层中的孔隙渗入, 从而造成金属的局部腐蚀, 但腐蚀程度明显较Ni-C轻。随着环境温度的升高, 以BN为主的第二相润滑组元的塑性和流动性增强, 使摩擦表面原本较小的、不连续的润滑型保护膜逐渐铺展开来, 形成面积较大且呈连续分布的鳞片状自润滑保护膜。原来在较低温度下润滑膜中存在的裂纹、疏松或剥离等缺陷明显减少, 导致NiCrAl-BN涂层摩擦系数大幅度降低, 从而显示出优异的高温自润滑性能。     

Investigation on Failure in Thermal Barrier Coatings on Gas Turbine First-Stage Rotor Blade

Failure in turbine blades can affect the safety and performance of the gas turbine engine. Results of coating decohesion, erosion and cracking at the first-stage high-pressure (HPT) blade working in gas turbine engine are being reported in this paper. This investigation was carried out for the possibility of various failure mechanisms in the thermal barrier coating exposed to high operating temperature. The blade was made of nickel-based superalloy, having directionally solidified grain structure coated with thermal barrier coatings of yttria-stabilized zirconia with EB-PVD process and platinum-modified aluminum (Pt–Al) bond coat with electro-deposition. The starting point of analysis was apparent coating decohesion close to the leading edge on the suction side of blade. The coating decohesion was found to be widening of interdiffusion zone toward the bond coat at higher operating temperature which could change the composition and induce thermal stresses in the bond coat. The erosion, cracking and decohesion of the coating on the pressure side was also observed during failure investigation. The erosion of the coating was coupled by two factors: one by increase in temperature as demonstrated by change in microstructure of the substrate and second by increase in coating inclination toward the trailing side. As a result of high operating temperature, swelling and thickening of TGO was observed due to outward diffusion of aluminum from the bond coat to form alumina (non-protective oxide) which causes internal stresses that leads to top coat decohesion and cracking. The possibility of hot corrosion was also investigated, and it was found that top coat decohesion did not involve this failure mechanism. Visual inspection, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy have been used as characterization tools.     

HVOF金属陶瓷涂层的冲蚀失效行为研究现状

超音速火焰喷涂具有粒子飞行速度高、涂层质量好、沉积速度快、材料选择性好以及与基体的结合强度高等优点。冲蚀是水轮机过流部件、轮船螺旋浆、泥浆泵及钻杆等的主要失效形式之一。HVOF技术制备的金属陶瓷涂层因其能显著提高金属零部件的耐冲蚀性能而受到广泛应用。本文对国内外HVOF喷涂金属陶瓷涂层的冲蚀失效行为进行综述,系统归纳了冲蚀颗粒粒径、冲蚀速度、攻角等外部因素及涂层的结合强度、孔隙率、涂层颗粒尺寸、碳化物颗粒的大小等内部因素对HVOF喷涂金属陶瓷涂层冲蚀失效行为的影响机制。并指出综合评价外部服役条件和自身性能参数对涂层冲蚀失效行为的作用机理是本领域今后研究的重点方向之一。     

Characteristics of Plasma-Sprayed Ceramic Coatings and Their Engineering Application

The microstructure, porosity, microhardness and adhesive strength of three plasma- sprayed ceramic coatings (Al2 O3, Cr2 O3 and Cr3 C2 NiCr) were tested. The wear resistance of the coatings was characterized through sand blasting test. The results showed that the erosion resistance of Cr2 O3 coating was better than Al2 O3 and Cr3 C2 NiCr coatings'.Through depositing the coating on the surface of boiler overheater tubes and on the surface of baffle- wall of carrying- coal grain blower to test its anti- erosion performance after a period of running, it was confirmed that the coatings present excellent wear resistance. Accordingly, it also demonstrates that ceramic coating has a promising prospects in surface protection in thermal power stations.     

Finite Element Simulation on Thermal Fatigue of a Turbine Blade with Thermal Barrier Coatings

In this paper, a finite element model was developed for a turbine blade with thermal barrier coatings to investigate its failure behavior under cyclic thermal loading. Based on temperature and stress fields obtained from finite element simulations, dangerous regions in ceramic coating were determined in terms of the maximum principal stress criterion. The results show that damage preferentially occurs in the chamfer and rabbet of a turbine blade with thermal barrier coatings and its thermal fatigue life decreases with the increase of thermal stress induced by high service temperature.     

表面粗糙度对PS-PVD YSZ陶瓷层性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

采用PS-PVD工艺在预制有NiCoCrAlYTa黏结层的K417G高温合金上制备YSZ陶瓷层;采用万能拉伸试验机、粒子冲刷仪、静态氧化炉等设备测试PS-PVD YSZ陶瓷涂层的结合强度、抗粒子冲刷和抗高温氧化性能;采用SEM和EDS分析涂层表面、截面形貌和元素分布等。结果表明:表面粗糙度对YSZ陶瓷层拉伸结合强度、抗粒子冲刷和抗高温氧化性能的影响很大。随着粗糙度的增大,结合强度先增大而后减小。Ra=0.40μm表面上沉积的YSZ涂层,其结合强度最高,达到23.5 MPa。拉伸断裂发生在涂层内部,并距离黏结层40~70μm的位置。随着表面粗糙度的增大,冲刷速率先减小而后增大,Ra=0.40μm涂层的抗粒子冲刷性能最好,冲刷速率仅为2.8×10^-3 g/g,表面起伏小和孔隙率低是涂层具有良好抗粒子冲刷性能的重要原因。不同表面粗糙度制备的YSZ涂层均能生成致密连续的热生长氧化物(TGO)层。粗糙度大则生长的TGO起伏大,更容易导致局部增厚和应力集中而失效。     

Functionally gradient ceramic/metallic coatings for gas turbine components by high-energy beams for high-temperature applications

Failure of turbine blades generally results from high-temperature oxidation, corrosion, erosion, or combinations of these procedures at the tip, and the leading and trailing edges of a turbine blade. To overcome these limitations, functionally gradient ceramic/metallic coatings have been produced by high-energy beams for high-temperature applications in the aerospace and turbine industries to increase the life of turbine components. Thermal spray processes have long been used to apply high-temperature thermal barrier coatings to improve the life of turbine components. However, these processes have not met the increased demand by the aerospace and turbine industries to obtain higher engine temperatures and increased life enhancement as a result of the inhomogeneous microstructure, unmelted particles, voids, and poor bonding with the substrate. High-energy beams, i.e. electron beam-physical vapour deposition (EB-PVD), laser glazing, laser surface alloying, and laser surface cladding, have been explored to enhance the life of turbine components and overcome the limitations of the thermal spray processes. EB-PVD has overcome some of the disadvantages of the thermal spray processes and has increased the life of turbine components by a factor of two as a result of the columnar microstructure in the thermal barrier coating (TBC). Laser glazing has been used to produce metastable phases, amorphous material, and a fine-grained microstructure, resulting in improved surface properties such as fatigue, wear, and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures without changing the composition of the surface material. Laser surface alloying and laser surface cladding have shown promising results in improving the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of the substrate's surface. Metal-matrix composite coatings have also been produced by a laser technique which resulted in increased wear and oxidation-resistant properties. The advantages and disadvantages of thermal spray processes, EB-PVD, laser glazing, laser surface alloying, and laser surface cladding will be discussed. Microstructural evolution of thermal barrier coatings, recent advancements in functionally gradient coatings, laser grooving, and multilayered textured coatings will also be discussed.     

Blade protection and efficiency preservation of a turbine by a sacrificial material coating

In order to preserve the efficiency and power of a gas turbine, the clearances between rotating blades and the interior casing should be as small as possible. To obtain that, one sprays a sacrificial material by an atmospheric plasma spraying torch and obtains a coating layer. During their rotation, the blades scrape the coating and tear off fine layers, creating a functional gap between the blades and the casing seal. The combustion gases do not escape through the clearance and contribute to the power production. The aim of this work is to investigate the behavior of a particular sacrificial material and its effect on turbine blade wear under operating conditions. For this purpose, we use the abradability test rig in which three functional parameters are varied. Blade wear or material displacement is shown on various graphs and on the wear map, which indicates the other observed phenomena.     

热喷涂金属陶瓷涂层复合磨损失效机制

热喷涂金属陶瓷涂层由于具有优异的耐磨性能,广泛应用于机械零部件的性能提升。热喷涂金属陶瓷涂层在复杂工况中服役时,在多种外界因素的复合作用下,会发生由磨粒磨损、腐蚀磨损、冲蚀磨损、疲劳磨损中的一种或几种作用导致的失效。结合涂层的服役工况和其自身结构特点归纳分析了热喷涂金属陶瓷涂层的复合磨损失效机制,并对热喷涂金属陶瓷涂层复合磨损失效研究的发展方向进行了展望。     

涂布刮刀表面等离子喷涂纳米AI203—13％Ti02涂层的特性

为了深入研究纳米A1203-13％TiO：（ATl3）涂层的组织、性能与喷涂工艺参数之间的关系,采用正交试验法对等离子喷涂工艺的电流、电压、送粉率和喷涂距离等参数进行了优化,在涂布刮刀表面制备了纳米ATl3涂层。采用金相显微镜,SEM,EPMA和XRD等对纳米ATl3涂层的组织、磨粒磨损性能和结合强度进行了分析。结果表...