用于SRAM的低功耗位线结构

提出了一种用于SRAM的低功耗位线结构,通过两种途径来实现低位线电压.在写操作时,利用单边驱动结构来抑制位线上充电电压的过大摆动;在读写操作时,改进预充结构来使位线电压保持较低.仿真表明,该结构使功耗大大节省.     

低位线摆幅的低功耗SRAM设计

本文提出了一种低位线摆幅（LVBS）的低功耗SRAM结构。这种SRAM采用电荷分享方法降低线电压幅值，在写操作时使得位线电压摆幅减少了50％，从而显著降低了位线动态功耗。同时本文还分析了由于位线电压降低带来的静态噪声容限（SNM）等问题。实验结果表明相比较常规SRAM，LVBS SRAM可以节约30％的动态功耗。     

一款采用低电压技术的320mv,6kb的亚阈值10管SRAM

本文提出了一种新型的亚阈值10管SRAM单元,在130nm工艺下,本设计的SRAM容量 为6kb,最低可以工作在320mv的电压下。同时一系列的低电压的技术被运用到本SRAM的 设计中,使其能够工作在亚阈值电压下。反短沟效应和反窄沟效应提升了SRAM性能。新型 的脉冲产生电路产生理想的亚阈值脉冲,使得读操作更稳定。浮动的写位线有效地减小了待 机时的漏电。短的读位线使得读操作速度更快和更低功耗。最终流片后的测量表明这系列技 术在亚阈值区都是非常有效的,SRAM在320mv的电压下,工作频率800KHz,消耗功耗 1.94uw。     

一种提高SRAM写能力的自适应负位线电路设计

随着器件尺寸缩小到纳米级,在SRAM生产过程中,工艺偏差变大会导致SRAM单元写能力变差.针对这一问题,提出了一种新型负位线电路,可以提高SRAM单元的写能力,并通过控制时序和下拉管的栅极电压达到自我调节负位线电压,使负电压被控制在一定范围内.本设计采用TSMC 40nm工艺模型对设计的电路进行仿真验证,结果证明,设计的电路可以改善写能力,使SRAM在电压降到0.66V的时候仍能正常工作,并且和传统设计相比,本电路产生的负电压被控制在一个范围内,有利于提高晶体管的使用寿命,改善良率,节省功耗.     

基于位线循环充电SRAM模式的自定时电路设计

随着集成电路的密度和工作频率按照摩尔定律所描述的那样持续增长,使得高性能和低功耗设计已成为芯片设计的主流。在微处理器和SoC中,存储器占据了大部分的芯片面积,而且还有持续增加的趋势。这使存储器中的字线长度和位线长度不断增加,增加了延时和功耗。因此,研究高速低功耗存储器的设计技术对集成电路的发展具有重要意义。对SRAM存储器的低功耗设计技术进行研究,在多级位线位SRAM结构及工作原理基础上,以改善SRAM速度和功耗特性为目的,设计了基于位线循环充电结构的双模式自定时SRAM,其容量为8K×32 b。     

一种基于时钟抽取偏置电压技术的存储器位线

基于一种新型时钟延时单元,设计了一种片上存储器的位线。在不增加版图面积的前提下,通过周期性地改变保持管的衬底偏置电压,减小了短路功耗、泄漏功耗和延迟时间,同时增加了电路的抗工艺波动能力。在SMIC 65 nm工艺下,完成了传统位线、改进后的位线以及静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)的设计。仿真结果表明,在1 GHz时钟频率下,改进后的两种位线与传统位线相比,功耗延迟积分别减小了19.1%和15.9%。最后,通过蒙特卡洛分析可知,改进后的位线相比于传统位线具有较强的抗工艺波动能力,即功耗延迟积的方差减小了97.1%。     

256K伪静态随机存取存储器

日本东芝公司已开始出售型号为TC51832P-85的新产品,它可用作256Kb伪静态随机存取存储器(SRAM),存取时间为85ns。另外还有两种TC51832P 系列产品,它们的存取时间分别为100ns和220ns。这些新产品通过降低阻值和减少延迟时间,存取时间已达到与普通SRAM等同的程度,它具有多晶硅和铝两层结构,字线连接到每个32行(位),使高速运行的读数电路的位线的预充电电平达到电源电压的一半。这种器件使用一种高速、精密的灵敏放大器。     

采用0.18μm CMOS工艺的多端口SRAM设计

文章详细描述了一种采用0.18μmCMOS工艺的多端口单位线SRAM设计方法。与传统的6TSRAM结构相比,在写数据时增加了写节点充电信号,降低了内核CMOS器件设计的复杂度;在读数据时增加了额外的读位线放电电路,减少了读数据延迟;同时读写数据均采用电流模式,降低功耗,较好的解决了多端口SRAM存取数据时存在的问题。     

不同规模SRAM辐射损伤效应的研究

通过对ETC公司的商用256 kb和1 Mb CMOS SRAM器件在不同偏置条件(包括静态偏置和动态读写偏置)下进行电离辐射效应的研究,获得了SRAM器件电气参数和功能出错数随总剂量的响应关系.实验结果表明,功耗电流随累积剂量的增加变化明显,可以作为表征SRAM辐射损伤的敏感参数,但功能出错数与功耗电流的变化不同步,与功耗电流没有必然联系,原因是功能出错主要由栅氧阈值电压负漂引起,而功耗电流的增加主要由栅氧和场氧阈值电压负漂造成的漏电引起.     

一种面向可容错应用的低功耗SRAM架构

提出了一种面向可容错应用的低功耗SRAM架构。通过对输入数据进行预编码,提出的SRAM架构实现了以较小的精度损失降低SRAM电路功耗。设计了一种单端的8管SRAM单元。该8管单元采用读缓冲结构,提升了读稳定性。采用打破反馈环技术,提升了写能力。以该8管单元作为存储单元的近似SRAM电路能够在超低压下稳定工作。在40 nm CMOS工艺下对电路进行仿真。结果表明,该8管单元具有良好的稳定性和极低的功耗。因此,以该8管单元作为存储单元的近似SRAM电路具有非常低的功耗。在0.5 V电源电压和相同工作频率下,该近似SRAM电路的功耗比采用传统6管单元的SRAM电路功耗降低了59.86%。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first