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1.
本文研究了蚕丝蛋白对魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)结构与溶胶性质的影响。通过溶胀平衡的数学分析方法,计算出偏摩尔自由能的变化,从而预测溶胀平衡参数。与此同时,利用红外光谱、扫描电镜和流变技术,分析了蚕丝蛋白-KGM复配体系的结构特征和流变性质。结果表明:蚕丝蛋白对KGM结构与溶胶性质有显著影响。随着蚕丝蛋白组分比例的增加,KGM分子内的氢键破坏程度增加,其凝胶的粘度及弹性模量下降,凝胶稳定性降低。  相似文献   

2.
本文主要对魔芋葡甘聚糖/威兰胶(KGM/WG)共混体系的流变性能进行了研究,结果表明:不管是单一多糖还是KGM/WG共混体系,黏度均随剪切速率的增加而逐渐下降,呈现为假塑性流体;KGM/WG共混体系表现出很强的浓度依赖性,浓度越高,黏度越高;相比于单一KGM,添加一定量的WG,共混体系的流变性能和热稳定性能明显提高;KW8共混体系多糖分子间存在较强的作用力,流变性能最佳。  相似文献   

3.
运用激光粒度仪考察不同乙醇体积分数下的KGM 粒度变化,分析其流变性能差异,并探讨阻溶剂乙醇对KGM 结构的影响。结果显示:KGM 的比表面积随乙醇体积分数增加而逐渐增大,其相对应的中位径、峰值黏度和溶胀速率随之降低,反映出乙醇阻溶体积分数影响其性能的变化。SEM、FT-IR 及X-ray 分析表明高体积分数的乙醇能促使KGM 分子链之间形成的氢键作用加强,局部有序层叠排列的结构,与其性能大小相印证。  相似文献   

4.
为考察超声处理对魔芋葡甘聚糖(konjac glucomannan,KGM)的理化性质的影响,以溶胀完全的KGM溶胶为对象,研究不同时间、不同功率的超声处理对KGM的流变与结构的影响。结果表明,随着超声时间的增加,KGM溶胶表观黏度及储能模量(G′)和损耗模量(G″)均下降,与未经超声处理的KGM相比,超声处理时间为240min时下降最为显著,表观黏度在剪切速率为21.9s^-1时下降了46.3%,G′、G″分别在角速度为75.0rad/s时下降了44.3%和55.1%;增大超声功率,KGM溶胶表观黏度及G′和G″也均减少,处理功率为180 W时减少最为明显,180 W处理的KGM溶胶的表观黏度在剪切速率为21.9s^-1时下降了66.1%,G′、G″则分别在角速度为75.0 rad/s时下降了43.2%和41.0%。超声处理对KGM溶胶结构破坏明显,扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)分析显示,超声使KGM的网络结构由相对连续、平整变得断裂、卷曲、松散。但红外吸收光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,FT-IR)表明超声没有对KGM分子重复结构单元和功能基团造成破坏,仅对氢键产生影响。因此,超声处理可作为改善KGM溶胶流变特性的有效手段,可拓展KGM在饮料、酸奶、化妆品等领域的应用。  相似文献   

5.
KGM溶胶属典型的假塑性流体。通过研究魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)溶胶粘度(η)和剪切应力分别与剪切速率的相关性,表明KGM的剪切流变特性呈明显的非线性变化规律,符合幂定律(τ=KD~n),进一步得出了粘性系数K和流动指数n随浓度和温度的变化趋势,其关系曲线可分别用幂函数和二次多项式拟合。目的是求得K和n的非线性变化曲线,为KGM在食品工业中的合理应用和其质量评价提供可靠依据。  相似文献   

6.
魔芋葡甘聚糖羧甲基化是其醚化改性的主要途径。本文通过改性产物浓度、介质温度和剪切速率的变化考察了羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖水溶胶的流变性能。实验表明,在0~100℃范围内,粘度随溶胶温度上升而下降;浓度低于0.25%时,CMKGM溶胶近似于牛顿流体,当浓度高于0.25%时,其表现为假塑性流体,且其假塑性随浓度增大更为突显;剪切速率的增大,直接导致粘度递减,且高浓度溶液受其影响更明显;静态激光散射分析表明,羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖分子量较原魔芋葡甘聚糖下降约16.7%,根据第二维里系数的增大和均方根回转半径的较小改变反映出羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖溶胶的水溶性更好,这些均为魔芋葡甘聚糖在工业上的深入开发应用提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

7.
为得到加工、储藏性能更优良的体系,本试验运用流变技术研究浓度、频率、温度对魔芋葡甘聚糖/普鲁兰多糖体系静态及动态流变性能的影响。结果表明:魔芋葡甘聚糖的添加能显著提高体系的黏度、动态模量;适量添加普鲁兰多糖(质量浓度20 mg/m L),体系黏度、动态模量随之增加,质量浓度超过20 mg/m L,体系黏度、动态模量随其浓度的增大而显著降低;普鲁兰多糖质量浓度20 mg/m L时,体系阻尼系数1的频域和温域随其浓度的增大而拓宽,体系阻尼性能提高。在碱性条件下,试验范围内魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)质量浓度为10~15 mg/m L,普鲁兰多糖(PULL)添加20~40 mg/m L时,可得到黏度适中,分散性、稳定性好,胶凝性佳,阻尼性能优良的体系。  相似文献   

8.
为了研究魔芋葡甘聚糖(Konjac glucomannan,KGM)与阿拉伯胶(Gum arabic,GA)复合水溶胶的性质,提升其在食品工业中的应用性能,本文以不同比例的KGM/GA复合水溶胶为研究载体,采用流变仪、FT-IR、XRD和SEM对其流变特性与结构表征进行研究,探讨添加比例对KGM/GA复合水溶胶性能的影响。结果表明,KGM和GA具有良好的相容性,在恰当的复配比例下,二者可以起到协同增效的作用,GA可以改善KGM的流变性和透明度,KGM可以改善GA的粘弹性和稳定性;KGM和GA通过氢键的增加和乙酰基的减少,促进相互的交联,加强复合水溶胶体系的分子间作用力,形成均匀规则的稳定结构。当KGM:GA为5:5(w/w)时,得到综合性能优异的KGM/GA复合水溶胶,与KGM单一体系相比,透明度提高了65.82%,结晶度增强了14.57%,此时样品的黏度适中、稳定性高、粘弹性较好,有望为食品级粘合剂和膳食纤维类饮品等的开发提供一定的理论参考。  相似文献   

9.
魔芋葡甘聚糖与马铃薯淀粉相互协同作用研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
该文选用KGM为亲水胶体,考察对马铃薯淀粉糊化、流变特性及冻融稳定性的影响,通过对主要参数的统计学分析,探讨其变化规律。淀粉的糊化特性分析结果发现,与单独淀粉体系相比,加入KGM后,复配体系的峰值黏度随着亲水胶体比例的增大而显著增加,而糊化温度降低。KGM的加入能在一定程度上抑制马铃薯淀粉的回生,提高淀粉糊的冷稳定性。动态流变特性分析发现所有样品的贮能模量G'>损耗模量G',损耗角正切值(tanδ=G"/G')均<1,表现为一种典型的弱凝胶动态流变学谱图。静态流变特性分析结果表明,不同配比的KGM与淀粉复配体系均表现出剪切变稀的现象,即为假塑性流体的性质。同时,Power–law方程适用于本试验样品体系流变曲线的拟合,相关系数均在0.90以上。对复合体系的冻融稳定性考察还发现KGM与马铃薯淀粉复配体系冻融稳定性好适合于加工冷冻食品。  相似文献   

10.
以魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)和羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)复配体系为研究对象,使用旋转流变仪对复配体系进行稳态剪切、频率和温度扫描测试,分析溶液质量分数和复配比对KGM/HPMC复配体系黏度和流变特性的影响。结果表明,KGM/HPMC复配体系为非牛顿流体,体系质量分数和KGM含量的增加,使复配溶液的流动性降低,黏度增加。在溶胶态,KGM和HPMC分子链通过疏水相互作用,形成排列更为致密的结构。增加体系质量分数和KGM含量,均有利于维持该结构的稳定性。在低质量分数体系中,提高KGM含量有利于形成热致凝胶;而在高质量分数体系中,提高HPMC含量有利于形成热致凝胶。  相似文献   

11.
Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.  相似文献   

12.
An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.  相似文献   

13.
The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.  相似文献   

14.
The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.  相似文献   

15.
BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H2O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.  相似文献   

16.
17.
A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.  相似文献   

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19.
This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.  相似文献   

20.
<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the  相似文献   

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