叔丁基肼的合成

叔丁基肼是一种重要的有机合成中间体，广泛应用于农药、医药的合成，特别是合成杀螨杀虫剂哒螨灵。本文以水合肼、盐酸、叔丁醇为原料合成叙了基肼盐酸盐，然后碱解得到叔丁基肼的水溶液，其具体操作工艺步骤如下。（1）叔丁基肼盐酸盐的合成在装有搅拌器、温度计、恒压滴液漏斗及回流冷凝管的500mL四口烧瓶中，加入约31．2g80％的水合肼原料。搅拌下缓慢滴加109．5g30％的盐酸，滴加温度控制在50～70℃。滴完后加热升温至100℃，再用滴液漏斗，滴加42．5g87％叔丁醇，控制滴加速度，使反应温度维持在100－105T，在3－4h内滴完。滴完后保…     

虫酰肼的合成

以叔丁基肼盐酸盐为起始原料,与对乙基苯甲酰氯反应合成N-(4-乙基苯甲酰基)-N′-叔丁基肼,反应收率97.9%。其再与3,5-二甲基苯甲酰氯反应合成虫酰肼,纯度大于96%,总收率大于86%。     

1—叔丁基—1,2—二苯甲酰肼的合成

本文介绍了由叔丁基肼盐酸盐，氢氧化钠及苯甲酰氯合成ＲＨ－５８４９的一种方法。     

虫酰肼的合成

以叔丁基肼盐酸盐为起始原料,与对乙基苯甲酰氯反应合成N-(4-乙基苯甲酰基)-N'-叔丁基肼,反应收率97.9%。其再与3,5-二甲基苯甲酰氯反应合成虫酰肼,纯度大于96%,总收率大于86%。     

柱前衍生化-高效液相色谱法测定叔丁基肼盐酸盐的含量

建立了柱前衍生化-高效液相色谱法测定叔丁基肼盐酸盐含量的方法.以苯甲醛为衍生化试剂,色谱柱为HypersilTM BDS C18,柱温为25℃,流动相为甲醇,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为298 nm.叔丁基肼盐酸盐在3.0 ～7.0mg范围内与其衍生物峰面积呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为Y=179 361X-112 865,R2=0.999,RSD=0.68％,平均回收率为100.40％.本方法简便易行、样品前处理简单,具有较高的精密度与准确度.     

甲氧虫酰肼的合成

采用3-甲氧基-2-甲基苯甲酰氯与叔丁基肼反应生成单芳酰基特丁基肼中间体,再与3,5-二甲基苯甲酰氯反应制备甲氧虫酰肼。     

丙硫菌唑中间体肼的高效液相色谱分析

建立一种高效液相色谱法测定以肼盐酸盐形式存在的肼的含量.用乙腈和0.2mol/L甲酸铵水溶液(pH=5.3)为流动相,用C18为填充物的不锈钢柱和紫外检测器,在220nm波长下对肼盐酸盐行分离和定量分析.测得肼盐酸盐的保留时间为6.4min,线性相关系数为0.999,标准偏差为0.11,变异系数为0.12％,平均回收率...     

甲氧虫酰肼的合成工艺研究

甲氧虫酰肼是一种新型杀虫剂,介绍了由3,5-二甲基苯甲酸和叔丁基肼制备甲氧虫酰肼的合成工艺。通过工艺条件优化,得出最佳的合成配比,产品含量为92.4%,三步合成总收率为67.0%。     

昆虫生长调节剂抑食肼的合成

本文报道了抑食肼及其中间体特丁基肼盐酸盐的合成方法。以特丁醇计合成抑食肼二步反应总收率７６．５％以上。     

5-二氟甲基-1-取代苯基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰肼的合成

以取代苯肼盐酸盐和二氟乙酰乙酸乙酯为原料经缩合、成环、肼解,得到了7个结构全新吡唑酰肼类化合物,所有化合物经核磁氢谱、碳谱和高分辨质谱确证。对成环反应条件进行了研究,取代苯肼盐酸盐中和后进行反应为宜,并且其水分含量是影响反应的关键因素。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。