可见光分解水制氢催化剂研究进展

可见光分解水制氢研究主要集中在新型光催化剂的研制以及对传统光催化剂的改性。本文概述了近年来可见光分解水制氢技术的重要进展及最新研究成果,深入研究和分析了拓展光催化剂响应范围、提高其反应活性的几种技术路线,主要包括阴阳离子掺杂技术、固溶体技术、半导体复合技术以及加入助催化剂等;总结出了传统光催化剂存在可见光利用率低、光化学转化效率低等问题,提出了开发新型高效光催化剂并加强机理研究的必要性和可行性。     

湖南省醴陵市协华科技实业有限公司

<正>公司自二十世纪八十年代初期开始烃类转化催化剂的开发生产及应用,研制生产的FZ系列烃类转化催化剂在国内合成氨、制氢、甲醇装置上成功应用,其加压部分氧化加纯氧转化催化剂是国内少有在工业装置应用成功的催化剂。催化剂活性、机械强度、使用寿命等技术指标均达到或超过国内外同类产品水平。公司奉行"质量第一,用户至上"的原则,热忱为广大新老客户服务,不断研究开发和引进先进技术及成果,以满足广大用户的需求。     

湖南省醴陵市协华科技实业有限公司

<正>公司自二十世纪八十年代初期开始烃类转化催化剂的开发生产及应用,研制生产的FZ系列烃类转化催化剂在国内合成氨、制氢、甲醇装置上成功应用,其加压部分氧化加纯氧转化催化剂是国内少有在工业装置应用成功的催化剂。催化剂活性、机械强度、使用寿命等技术指标均达到或超过国内外同类产品水平。     

甲烷催化裂解制氢技术研究进展

介绍了甲烷制氢的主要技术途径及甲烷裂解制氢的反应机理,综述了甲烷裂解制氢不同催化剂的研究进展,包括单金属催化剂、多金属催化剂、碳质催化剂及不同载体的研究进展和发展趋势,简述了微波辐射、等离子体等甲烷催化裂解制氢新技术,并对甲烷催化裂解制氢研究方向进行了展望。     

生物质热化学法制氢技术的研究进展

介绍木质生物质热化学法生产氢气的四条主要技术路线,分别是生物质气化制氢、生物质热解油制氢、生物质超临界水气化制氢、源于生物质的小分子有机物催化重整制氢方法,着重从化学反应机理、热力学模拟、催化剂种类、工艺开发、工业化进展等方面总结生物质热化学制氢技术的最新研究进展,分析了各类小分子制氢的热力学规律,并指出工业化过程存在...     

甲烷水蒸汽重整反应制氢催化剂的研究进展

介绍了包括镍基和贵金属基甲烷水蒸汽重整反应制氢催化剂的最新研究进展。分析了催化剂的活性组分、载体和助剂对催化剂的活性和稳定性的影响。最后,对甲烷水蒸汽重整反应制氢催化剂未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

随车制氢甲醇裂解催化剂的研究进展

综述了随车制氢甲醇裂解催化剂最新的研究进展,对镍系、贵金属系和铜系催化剂等作了评述。同时指出了铜水泥催化剂应用在随车制氢系统里的优势,并对今后的研究方向做了展望。     

随车制氢甲醇裂解催化剂的研究进展

综述了随车制氢甲醇裂解催化剂最新的研究进展,对镍系、贵金属系和铜系催化剂等作了评述。同时指出了铜水泥催化剂应用在随车制氢系统里的优势,并对今后的研究方向做了展望。     

甲烷重整制氢的研究现状分析

介绍了传统及等离子体甲烷重整制氢技术,归纳分析了传统甲烷制氢技术催化剂的最新进展及工艺优化,并对等离子体甲烷制氢技术及制氢能效进行了总结。通过对2种技术的分析、比较,提出存在的问题及应用前景。     

甲醇水蒸气重整制氢研究进展

氢气需求的持续增长,带动制氢技术的不断进步。煤制氢技术投资较高,天然气制氢原料来源受到限制,电解水制氢成本较高。甲醇制氢投资适中,适合各种规模的制氢装置,铜基催化剂反应温度低,低温活性和氢气选择性好,价格低廉,因而甲醇制氢技术得到广泛应用。催化剂载体和助剂的改进研究,对工业催化剂的改进具有重要的指导意义。综述甲醇水蒸气重整制氢工艺、反应机理和催化剂,介绍了催化剂载体和助剂等方面的研究进展情况。     

稀土金属氧化物在乙醇重整制氢催化剂中的应用

介绍了添加稀土金属氧化物的乙醇重整制氢催化剂的研究现状,重点阐述了目前应用较多的3种稀土金属氧化物CeO2、Y2O3和La2O3在乙醇重整制氢催化剂中的应用效果,根据最新的研究进展提出了今后的研究方向.     

Energy optimization of hydrogen production from lignocellulosic biomass

In this paper we address the conceptual design for the production of hydrogen from switchgrass. The process is modeled as a mixed-integer non linear programming problem (MINLP) for a superstructure embedding two different gasification technologies, direct and indirect, and two reforming modes, partial oxidation or steam reforming, gas cleaning and a water gas shift reactor (WGSR) with membrane separation is used to obtain pure hydrogen. Given the small number of structural alternatives, the problem is solved by constraining the binary variables of the MINLP so as to select each gasifier and reforming mode yielding four NLP's. Next, the energy is integrated, and finally, an economic evaluation is performed. It is shown that indirect gasification with steam reforming is the preferred technology providing higher production yields than the ones reported in the literature for hydrogen from natural gas and at a potentially lower and promising production cost 0.67$/kg.     

燃料电池用柴油重整制氢技术现状与展望

现有储氢技术在储氢密度、能耗及相应的基础设施建设等方面存在明显短板,难以满足燃料电池技术商业化发展需求,现场制氢技术得到了广泛关注。其中,柴油重整制氢技术以其理论产氢比率高、适用领域广、基础设施完善、安全性好、成本低等优点,可广泛应用于汽车、船舶、分布式发电等民用领域以及潜艇、舰船等军事领域,成为热点研究之一。本文综述了柴油重整制氢的分类,详细介绍了蒸汽重整、部分氧化重整和自热重整制氢的反应机理,并对三种重整反应的优缺点进行了对比分析;在此基础上,概述了三种重整反应国内外研究现状。总体而言,蒸汽重整产物中氢气浓度最高但系统质量较大,比较适用于固定制氢领域;自热重整技术系统结构较为紧凑,产物氢气浓度适中,比较适用于汽车等移动制氢领域;部分氧化重整技术由于产物H₂/CO比率较低,加之反应温度较高,容易发生结焦反应,目前其应用领域还相对有限。     

Enhancement of Hydrogen Production by Fluidization in Industrial-Scale Steam Reformers

In this paper, the effect of the fluidization concept on the performance of methane steam reforming has been investigated by comparing a fluidized-bed steam reformer (FBSR) with an industrial-scale conventional steam reformer (CSR). Also, a fluidized-bed thermally coupled steam reformer (TCFBSR) and a fixed-bed thermally coupled steam reformer (TCSR) have been compared. In thermally coupled reactors, the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline exothermic reaction is employed. A steady state one dimensional heterogeneous model is applied to analyze methane conversion and hydrogen production for steam reforming of methane in different reactors (CSR, FBSR, TCSR, and TCFBSR). The modeling results show that, in FBSR, hydrogen production and methane conversion are increased by 2.13 and 0.52%, respectively, in comparison with CSR. Also, by using fluidized catalysts instead of fixed ones in TCSR, methane conversion and hydrogen yield are increased from 0.2776 to 0.2934 and from 0.9649 to 0.9836, respectively. These improvements represent the appropriate effect of the fluidization concept on the enhancement of hydrogen production in different steam reformers.     

甘油制氢研究进展

随着生物柴油的规模化发展,如何合理有效利用生产生物柴油过程中的副产物甘油,成为影响生物柴油成本和新一代化学品平台工艺开发的重要问题。甘油作为可再生能源以其分子结构特点可用作制氢的原料。综述了甘油制氢的各种工艺方法,即气相重整(包括水蒸汽重整、部分氧化重整和自热重整)、水相重整、生物法、光催化重整和高温热解等的研究现状,并对未来的发展进行了评述。     

Glycerol Reforming for Hydrogen Production: A Review

Glycerol, which is obtained as a by‐product in biodiesel production, represents a candidate source of hydrogen that is renewable. Its conversion into hydrogen can be achieved by a reforming process. In this article, the glycerol reforming reaction is reviewed. Different reforming processes for hydrogen production, viz. steam, aqueous, and autothermal reforming, are described in brief. The thermodynamic analyses, which enable comparison with experimental studies, are considered. A discussion on experimental investigations over several catalysts is presented, too. Many reaction pathways are possible and some of them are dependent on the properties of the catalyst used. Generally, Ni, Pt, and Ru catalysts facilitate hydrogen production. The same catalysts are also effective for the reforming reaction of ethanol – another renewable resource for hydrogen. While ethanol steam reforming has been comprehensively reviewed by now, an overview on glycerol reforming is still missing. In this paper, an evaluation of the published studies is given to close this gap.     

Coal-derived methanol for hydrogen vehicles in China: Energy,environment, and economic analysis for distributed reforming

Hydrogen is considered an ideal energy carrier, but the storage and efficient delivery of hydrogen to vehicles still remain a challenging problem currently. This study analyzes the possibilities of using methanol as a hydrogen carrier in China, based on the distributed methanol reforming technology at forecourt refueling stations. A detailed well-to-tank life cycle analysis was applied to the hydrogen production from coal-derived methanol at refueling stations (onsite methanol pathway) from energy, environmental and economic performance aspects, followed by comparisons between the onsite pathway and conventional ones on the delivery cost of hydrogen, energy efficiency, and CO₂ emissions. The study shows that a coal-derived methanol pathway with distributed reforming utilities is well suited for China's specific energy situation, therefore it could play a key role in the transition process to a hydrogen economy in China.     

小型碳基燃料水蒸气重整制氢装置研究

设计并加工了一种小型碳基燃料水蒸气重整制氢装置,该装置为不锈钢材料,采用集成式结构设计,使得加热、气化、重整、分散等多功能部件有机地结合在一起,大大减小了装置的设计尺寸,减小了装置占有空间,降低了装置成本,实现了小型、微型化的目的,便于移动、便携式制氢装置的推广。该反应器装载花状微球Ni/CeO₂催化剂,在重整性能测试中甲烷流量为1250mL/min时,水碳比H₂O/CH₄=2：1,560℃反应温度下,该反应器表现出了良好的重整制氢性能,重整气中氢气的组成达到70%以上,甲烷的含量降至16%以下,用于高温燃料电池发电的功率计算,满足500W功率设计要求,达到550W以上。实验表明这种重整制氢装置可用于高温燃料电池供氢系统。     

我国变压吸附技术的工业应用现状及展望

介绍了我国变压吸附技术近十多年发展状况及变压吸附技术在各应用领域的最新发展,并对今后的应用和发展作了展望。     

天然气分散制氢的技术经济分析(英文)

It is well established that hydrogen has the potential to make a significant contribution to the world energy production.In U.S.,majority of hydrogen production plants implement steam methane reforming(SMR) for centralized hydrogen production.However,there is a wide lack of agreement on the nascent stage of using hydrogen as fuel in vehicles industry because of the difficulty in delivery and storage.By performing technological and economic analysis,this work aims to establish the most feasible hydrogen production pathway for automotives in near future.From the evaluation,processes such as thermal cracking of ammonia and centralized hydrogen production followed by bulk delivery are eliminated while on-site steam reforming of methanol and natural gas are the most technologically feasible options.These two processes are further evaluated by comprehensive economic analysis.The results showed that the steam reforming(SR) of natural gas has a shorter payback time and a higher return on investment(ROI) and internal rate of return(IRR).Sensitivity analysis has also been constructed to evaluate the impact of variables like NG feedstock price,capital of investment and operating capacity factor on the overall production cost of hydrogen.Based on this study,natural gas is prompted to be the most economically and technologically available raw material for short-term hydrogen production before the transition to renewable energy source such as solar energy,biomass and wind power.