邯郸市区雨水初期径流控制量的确定

雨水污染问题是城市雨水利用系统要解决的首要问题,而初期径流的控制又是对整场降雨面污染负荷控制的关键。在建立雨水污染物冲刷模型的基础上,通过对邯郸市2003~2005年间部分屋面、路面降雨的取样分析,得出邯郸市雨水中污染物的浓度与降雨量呈拟合度很好的指数关系,确定出该市屋面、路面初期雨水弃流量为3 mm和6 mm,能分别去除COD总量的78.3%与77.9%。     

同步硝化反硝化技术处理煤气化废水试验研究

针对煤气化废水的水质特点,采用同步氧化工艺进行中试研究,分析同步氧化装置对主要污染物的去除能力,考察溶解氧(DO)、水温(T)、p H、ρ(COD)/ρ(TN)等主要环境因素对脱氮效果的影响。结果表明:在HRT为55.6 h,ρ(COD)=631~973 mg/L,ρ(NH+4-N)=215~261 mg/L,ρ(TN)=232~284 mg/L,ρ(SS)=131~167 mg/L,p H=7.82~8.35的进水条件下,最终出水CODCr,NH+4-N,TN及SS的最大质量浓度分别为23.2,1.34,73.3和21.2 mg/L,平均去除率分别为97.1%,99.4%,74.7%和87.9%,出水CODCr,NH+4-N及SS质量浓度满足DB 37/599—2006中重点保护区域的水质排放要求;该技术以同步硝化反硝化(SND)的方式实现高效脱氮,脱氮的最佳环境条件为ρ(DO)=2.0~2.5 mg/L,T=26~30℃,p H=7.5~8.0,ρ(COD)/ρ(TN)=8~9。     

生物转盘处理生活污水

华北地区冬季温度较低,生物转盘很难挂膜,因此在该地区很少运用生物膜生物转盘法处理污水,济宁二号煤矿能够成功的使用了生物转盘法处理生活污水,处理的各项指标经监测COD,BOD5,SS,NH3-N等都达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB1318918-2002)三级标准,并且处理后的生活污水部分重复利用,节约了水资源,具有十分显著的经济效益。     

矿井水井下原位处理的PRB活性材料组合修复能力研究

针对矿井水地面处理的成本高和占地面积大等问题,提出矿井水井下处理与PRB修复相结合的原位处理方法,通过构建1号（无烟煤和钢渣）、2号（无烟煤和石英砂）、3号（无烟煤和沸石）、4号（无烟煤和钢渣、石英砂、沸石）PRB活性材料柱的动态实验,处理含有COD,NH4-N,PO4-P,Mn 2+,SS污染物的矿井水,研究PRB井下原位处理方法的可行性和有效性。实验结果表明：1~4号柱由于不同的组合材料而对COD,NH4-N,PO4-P,Mn 2+,SS有不同的最好去除率,其中4号柱对COD,NH4-N,PO4-P,Mn 2+,SS的平均去除率分别为59.9%,68.7%,77.9%,80.06%,88.8%,去除效果和渗透性相对较好。综合各项指标,4号柱中无烟煤、钢渣、石英砂、沸石（体积比3∶1∶1∶1）为最佳组合,适于含有机物、氮、磷和重金属离子污染矿井水的井下原位处理。     

UBAF-复极性三维电极法深度处理焦化废水

采用以焦粉为滤料的UBAF反应器对经过二级生化处理后的焦化废水进行深度处理,出水中COD和NH3-N含量分别为993~1223 mg/L和433~521 mg/L,去除率分别为367%~486%和215%~348%。在极板间距为1 cm,电解时间为120 min,电解电压为15 V的最佳条件下,采用UBAF-复极性三维电极反应器对经过二级生化处理后的焦化废水进行深度处理,出水中COD和NH3-N含量分别为313和137mg/L,去除率分别为833%和794%,COD和氨氮指标低于《钢铁工业水污染物排放标准》GB 13456-1992中的焦化一级排放标准。     

应用SBR法处理小区生活污水

介绍SBR法处理小区生活污水的工程实例,该处理工艺流程简单,造价低,处理效果好,运行监测结果表明COD、BOD、SS、TP和NH3-N去除率分别达到88.4%、98.8%、98.3%、97.50%和70.3%,且都达到GB8978—1996中污水一级排放标准。     

四维脱氮除碳生物反应器用于处理生活污水试验

为使生活污水达标排放,采用四维脱氮除碳生物反应器处理生活污水,考察了其对COD、NH3-N和TN的去除效果。连续试验结果表明:经反应器处理后,COD、NH3-N和TN的出水浓度分别降低至20.4、1.64和20 mg/L,COD、NH3-N和TN的去除率分别为93.13%、93.29%和61.73%,均达到了国家《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级标准;四维脱氮除碳生物反应器无回流、无需外加碳源,能耗较低,单一装置内可同时实现高效脱氮除碳。     

污水处理厂进出水CODcr值的相关性研究

对污水处理厂进出水CODcr值的相关性进行了分析,通过计算值与实际监测的CODcr 值进行回归分析,并用数理统计方法进行显著性检验,表明均有良好相关性.CODcr作为污染物总量控制指标,对环境监测和污水处理工程的运行管理具有较大的指导意义.     

曝气生物滤池处理城市污水试验及效能研究

曝气生物滤池具有体积小、处理效率高等特点。本研究结果表明,曝气生物滤池使用新型粒状填料处理生活污水,进水量500 m3/d,水力停留时间为9 h,COD、SS、NH4-N去除效果好,出水稳定达到国家《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级B类标准,满足用户要求;随填料层厚度增加,去除效果增加;TN、TP去除效果有待改进。     

三氧化二钒生产废水中NH3-N脱除的工业试验

采用吹脱法,处理三氧化二钒生产的高浓度氨氮废水.在实验室试验的基础上进行工业试验.结果表明,在原水NH3-N浓度4.1～11.5g/L,pH=12、温度80℃、处理时间90min的条件下,处理后氨氮的浓度符合国家一级排放标准,同时COD,SS,Cr6+均能达标排放.     

Passive Treatment of Circumneutral Mine Drainage from the St. Louis Mine Tunnel,Rico, CO: Part 1—Case Study: Characteristics of the Mine Drainage

This publication is a case study of the seasonal variability of mine water drainage from the Saint Louis Tunnel (SLT) at the inactive Rico-Argentine mine site located in southwestern Colorado. It is an introductory paper for the two passive water treatment system technology evaluations contained in this issue. Mine water chemistry changes from baseflow to a snowmelt runoff event (SMRE) where snowmelt runoff follows preferential migration pathways to flush acidic weathering products from the upper mine workings to the SLT. Baseflow mine drainage is characterized as circumneutral, with Zn, Cd, Mn, and Ni concentrations primarily in the dissolved form. Dissolved Zn, Mn, Fe, and potentially Cd illustrate equilibrium with carbonate minerals. Total concentrations of Fe, Cu, Pb, and As are primarily in the suspended form and suggest sorption to Fe oxides. Mine water chemistry during the SMRE reflects mixing of circumneutral baseflow waters with more acidic waters flushing the upper mine workings. Geothermal activity provides for a consistently warm mine water discharge from the SLT. The two seasons that provide the most challenge to passive water treatment of SLT mine drainage are the SMRE period and the low flow stage of the Dolores River. Mine water flow and chemistry during SMRE are highly correlated with Dolores River flow and this site conceptual model was and will be used to assist in pilot project evaluation, water treatment system design, monitoring system design, a seasonal compliance approach, and water management.

     

室内环保涂料中空气污染物VOCs排放浓度在线监测

为在线监测室内环保涂料中空气污染物VOCs的排放浓度,以有机玻璃模拟仓进行建筑室内环境模拟,采用基于差分吸收光谱技术的污染物排放浓度反演算法,在不同填充率、涂层厚度、通风率、相对湿度、供暖方式、温度的条件下,对有机玻璃模拟仓涂料中空气污染物VOCs的排放浓度进行在线监测。监测结果显示:填充率越大,VOCs排放浓度越高、扩散通量越大;涂层厚度越大,VOCs排放浓度越大、扩散通量越大;通风率越大,VOCs排放浓度越小、扩散通量越大;相对湿度越大,VOCs排放浓度越大、扩散通量越大;没有供暖的自然工况中,VOCs排放浓度较大,扩散通量较小;温度升高,VOCs排放浓度变大,扩散通量变大。     

The Influence of Large Scale Phosphate Mining on the Water Quality of the Huangbaihe River Basin in China: Dominant Pollutants and Spatial Distributions

Large scale phosphate mining in the Huangbaihe River Basin, China has reduced the self-purification capacity of the basin’s fresh water. Three years (2014–2016) of monitoring data and chemometric analysis were used to identify the dominant pollutants and define their spatial distribution in the basin. Principal component analysis was applied to determine the contribution of the individual pollutants. Total phosphorus (TP) 53%, water temperature (TEMP) 27%, and total nitrogen (TN) 20% proved to be the dominant problems. A discriminant functions (DF) model was developed to classify the study area into high, moderate, and low pollution zones. The DF coefficients were applied to analyze the correlation between DF and the measured parameters and it was found that TP, TN, and TEMP were positively correlated with the DF, indicating that these parameters were the most important. Finally, the results were compared with the locations of the mining activities, which revealed that TP is higher in the upper sub-basins, Xuanmiaoguan and Tianfumiao, where most of the high pollution zones are located and more than 78% of the areas are affected by the phosphate mines. It is concluded that the phosphate mining is the major source of pollution and TP is the dominant pollutant responsible for the total water quality variation in the river basin. More effective management measures have to be taken to reduce phosphorus runoff into the reservoir watersheds.

     

加压溶气气浮工艺处理钢厂废水

辽宁省某钢厂所产生的工业废水和生活污水中以有机物污染物为主,污水中的SS、油类、碳酸盐硬度比国内一般城市污水高4%左右,排水中石油类和SS是灌渠的主要污染物之一。该工程选用加压溶气气浮工艺,采用独特的将污水先加压后减压的方法,使得溶解于水中的过饱和空气以微细气泡在池中逸出,将水中悬浮物颗粒或油粒带到水面形成浮渣排除之,而且此方法还能有效地去除散油。设计废水处理量为4.5万m3/d,处理后水质可满足污水回用要求,以代替工业净水,具有良好经济效益和社会效益。     

环保酵素对水中污染物的去除效果研究

以提升水环境治理过程中污染物去除效果为目的,进行环保酵素对水中污染物的去除效果研究。通过分析环保酵素去除水中污染物的原理,按照乐素昆·普潘翁博士的单一环保酵素和混合环保酵素配比制作2种酵素混合液。按照添加量分别为3%、6%、12%的比例,将单一环保酵素液和混合环保酵素液添加到水体样本内,每隔3 h对水体样本进行采样检测。实验结果表明,2种环保酵素均具有较好的污染物去除能力,在添加剂量相同的条件下,混合环保酵素去除污染物能力略高于单一环保酵素; 2种环保酵素对说中污染物中氨氮的去除率分别为35.80%和37.91%;应用环保酵素后可有效提升水体样本的溶氧量,提升污染物中的悬浮固体浓度,具有良好的应用效果。     

降雨-蒸发与地下水耦合作用下的大型尾矿库重金属Cu2+迁移数值模拟分析

为考虑降雨-蒸发与地下水耦合作用对尾矿坝重金属迁移的影响,以本钢集团歪头山铁矿尾矿库作为工程背景,应用Geostudio软件,选择SEEP/W、VADOSE/W和CTRAN/W模块,模拟降雨和蒸发作用下的尾矿库地下水的渗流特性及重金属污染物的迁移规律。结果表明,降雨-蒸发作用对尾矿库表层土壤的孔隙水压力有影响,深层土壤基本无影响;考虑降雨-蒸发作用在一定程度上增加了重金属污染物在1825d内的迁移距离和平均迁移速度;重金属污染物Cu2+的浓度随时间推移而升高,考虑降雨-蒸发作用对于重金属污染物浓度起扰动作用;预测重金属污染物粒子在尾矿库土壤中历经7a迁移出露到坡面。研究结果为相似工程案例提供重要参考,为尾矿库环境地质评价和污染预测防治提供有力的科学依据。     

Exploration of Diffuse and Discrete Sources of Acid Mine Drainage to a Headwater Mountain Stream in Colorado,USA

We investigated the impact of acid mine drainage (AMD) contamination from the Minnesota Mine, an inactive gold and silver mine, on Lion Creek, a headwater mountain stream near Empire, Colorado. The objective was to map the sources of AMD contamination, including discrete sources visible at the surface and diffuse inputs that were not readily apparent. This was achieved using geochemical sampling, in-stream and in-seep fluid electrical conductivity (EC) logging, and electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) of the subsurface. The low pH of the AMD-impacted water correlated to high fluid EC values that served as a target for the ERI. From ERI, we identified two likely sources of diffuse contamination entering the stream: (1) the subsurface extent of two seepage faces visible on the surface, and (2) rainfall runoff washing salts deposited on the streambank and in a tailings pile on the east bank of Lion Creek. Additionally, rainfall leaching through the tailings pile is a potential diffuse source of contamination if the subsurface beneath the tailings pile is hydraulically connected with the stream. In-stream fluid EC was lowest when stream discharge was highest in early summer and then increased throughout the summer as stream discharge decreased, indicating that the concentration of dissolved solids in the stream is largely controlled by mixing of groundwater and snowmelt. Total dissolved solids (TDS) load is greatest in early summer and displays a large diel signal. Identification of diffuse sources and variability in TDS load through time should allow for more targeted remediation options.     

Characterization of runoff water from coal-waste disposal sites in southwestern Illinois

Coal wastes are the mineral matter rejected from coal during cleaning operations. The refuse consists mainly of shale, clay, pyrite, and waste coal. At many disposal sites in Illinois, considerable quantities of sediment, acidity, sulphate, and dissolved metals have been washed from these sites and have contributed to the degradation in quality of the receiving streams. Hydrologic and water-quality data were gathered from three abandoned, unreclaimed, coal-waste disposal sites in southwestern Illinois. Two of the disposal sites were recontoured, limed, covered with 30 cm of glacial till and loess, fertilized, and seeded. Data collected one to two years after renovation of these sites indicated that: (1) runoff rates were significantly increased because the soil cover was less permeable than the coal waate; (2) peak runoff rates did not seem to be affected; and (3) acidity, sulphate, and metal concentrations in surface runoff waters were reduced by about 80–90% following reclamation. However, gradual increases in acidity, sulphate, and metal concentrations in runoff water at the Staunton site have occurred two years after reclamation and may continue to rise in the future. This indicates that the pyrite and iron sulphate salts contained in the coal vastes will make reclamation a gradual long-term process—one that cannot be solved immediately by grading, liming, and covering with soil.     

无人机低空摄影技术在碳排放监测中的应用

为更好地了解碳排放在研究区内的时空分布特征,以便提出有效的针对性措施,碳排放监测具有重要的现实意义。在此背景下,分析了无人机低空摄影技术在碳排放监测中的应用。以某研究区为例,利用无人机低空摄影系统获取图像,并实施处理。利用卷积神经网络对处理好的图像中的碳排放影响因素进行识别,包括道路交通流量、土地利用类型、人口数据、气象情况以及工业区。以这5种因素作为基础,构建碳排放测算模型,得出碳排放浓度值,根据绘制二氧化碳浓度时空分布图,完成无人机低空摄影技术在碳排放中的应用监测。结果表明,基于碳排放监测结果,明确了随着时间和空间变化,研究区内二氧化碳的排放特征,证明了无人机低空摄影技术的应用结果。     

厚煤层孤岛综放面运巷采用锚(索)棚联合支护

针对厚煤层衰老矿井孤岛面增多 ,巷道及工作面压力显现特别明显 ,地质条件越来越复杂等特殊开采条件 ,分析研究了采用放顶煤采煤工艺开采时的巷道情况 ,采用锚、索、棚联合支护 ,试验取得了成功 ,从而确保矿井实现高产高效 ,达到矿井合理集中安全生产