Changes in the activation energy and the rate of hydrogen release from neutral media due to deformation

It is shown that plastic deformations of metals govern the kinetics of hydrogen release (by decreasing the work function of escape of an electron into solution) and are a controlling factor in the processes of hydrogenation and crack growth by a hydrogen mechanism.Karpenko Physicomechanical Institute, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, L'viv. Translated from Fiziko-Khimicheskaya Mekhanika Materialov, Vol. 29, No. 6, pp. 16–22, November–December, 1993.     

Diffusiophoresis of liquid drops in viscous media with due consideration of internal flows and the phase transition on their surface

A theory of diffusiophoresis of a spherical drop in a binary viscous mixture with nonuniform concentration is developed.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 37, No. 6, pp. 1083–1088, December, 1979.     

Determination of the compensation band due to birefringence with dispersion and large phase differences

The simple measurement of birefringence by means of a tilting compensator becomes difficult and unreliable when large phase differences must be compensated in samples in which dispersion of birefringence differs from that of the compensator. The problem is treated experimentally and theoretically. The result is a simple correction formula with only one parameter. A method to obtain this parameter is presented. Measurements on polycarbonate, polyethylene and polyurethane support the assumptions of the theoretical calculations.     

Particle size analysis of turbid media with a single optical fiber in contact with the medium to deliver and detect white light

Wavelength-dependent elastic-scattering spectra of highly scattering media measured with only a single fiber for both light delivery and collection are presented. White light is used as a source, and oscillations of the detected light intensities are seen as a function of wavelength. The maximum and minimum of the oscillations can be used to determine scatterer size for monodisperse distributions of spheres when the refractive indices are known. In addition, several properties of the probe relevant to tissue diagnosis are examined and discussed including the effects of absorption, a broad distribution of scatterers, and the depth probed.     

Modification of the functional state of neutrophilic granulocytes of blood due to coagulation and shear stress in patients with coronary heart disease: General cytochemical phenomena

A comparative study is made of the influence of a viscosimetric trauma and a coagulation process on the functional state of neutrophilic granulocytes of blood (NGB) in 25 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). It is shown that different mechanisms of cell activation exist in CHD patients with a stable and unstable course of the disease caused by the viscosimetric trauma effect, which have common features with the NGB activation due to coagulation. Mogilev Division of the Research Institute for Radiation Medicine of the Ministry of Public Health Belarus, Mogilev, Belarus. Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 69, No. 3, pp. 451–455, May–Jun 1996.     

Evolution of the polarization state in material media with uniform linear birefringence and an applied nonhomogeneous external magnetic field: application to bulk-type Faraday current sensors

In this work we find the exact solution for the evolution of the polarization state of a light wave that propagates in a material medium with uniform linear birefringence and a nonuniform external magnetic field. The obtained results could be used to improve the precision of existing Faraday current sensors.     

Thin layer alpha-Al2O3:C beta dosemeters for the assessment of current dose rate in teeth due to 90Sr intake,and comparison with electron paramagnetic resonance dosimetry

The use of thin-layer alpha-Al2O3:C thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) for the assessment of current beta dose rate in human teeth due to 90Sr intake is investigated. The teeth used in this study were collected from members of the Techa river population who were exposed to radiation as a result of releases of the Mayak plutonium production facilities (Southern Urals-Russia) between 1949 and 1956. The beta dose rates from different parts of the tooth (enamel, crown dentine, and root) were determined by storing the detectors over the samples in a shielded environment. The cumulative dose measured by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in different dental tissues is found to be proportional to current dose rate obtained from alpha-Al2O3:C thermoluminescence dosemeters. The retention of 90Sr in various parts of the teeth is discussed.