[123]Cu-16%Al单晶循环形变的不稳定性Ⅰ.应变突发行为

研究了应变幅和加载频率对［123］Cu－16％Al单晶在循环形变中的应变突发行为的影响．结果表明,在应变幅γp1＝5．3×105－5－2．1×10－3范围内,循环形变过程中均发生应变突发;在γp1＝6．4×103时,循环形变过程中未发生应变突发讨论了应变幅和加载频率f与应变突发频率n,应变突发量B和应变突发时应力降低值D的关系     

形变温度对Ti-Ni合金超弹性弹簧形变行为的影响

采用拉伸试验和应力应变循环试验研究了形变温度及应力应变循环对Ti-Ni_(50.8)超弹性弹簧形变行为的影响。结果表明:当形变温度在247K以下时Ti-Ni_(50.8)弹簧呈形状记忆性,形变温度在247K以上时呈超弹性特性。623~773K退火态Ti-Ni_(50.8)弹簧室温下可获得良好超弹性。当退火温度超过873K后,超弹性衰减。在应力-应变循环早期,弹簧应变恢复率衰减很快,随循环次数增加,衰减变慢。Ti-Ni_(50.8)弹簧预先应力应变循环训练可增强其变形稳定性。     

Cu双晶的循环形变行为与疲劳裂纹萌生：Ⅰ.循环形变行为和滑移形貌

在切应变幅γpl≈1066×10-4至9．1×10-3s范围内，研究了四种Cu双晶的循环形变行为,实验结果表明，对于含两单滑移取向组元晶体的三种子行晶界双晶，其循环形变行为表现出和单滑移取向Cu单晶类似的特征，循环应力一应变（CSS）曲线上存在一平台区，但平台应力都高于单滑移取向Cu单晶的典型值（28MPa），且各有所差别对于含一单滑移和一双滑移组元晶体的垂直晶界双晶，CSS曲线上没有明显的平台，并且发现曲线与Cu多晶的CSS曲线非常类似表面形貌观察表明，上述循环形变行为与由于晶界约束而导致的双滑移或多沿移现象以及开动沿移系的位错反应强度密切相关     

高温形变循环热处理对TiNi合金组织细化的影响

利用热机械模拟系统，对铸态Ti-50．3at％Ni合金进行高温形变循环热处理，研究不同热处理工艺对其组织细化的影响。结果表明：经过高温形变循环热处理，可以获得晶粒尺度在10μm以下的均匀单相显微组织。试样分别在55012和60012进行塑性变形，然后继续加热到80012短时保温进行不同的循环热处理，发现在55012变形后晶粒细化效果更加明显。还探讨了铸态Ti-50．3at％Ni合金高温形变循环热处理中组织的细化机理及其影响因素。     

等通道转角挤压Al-Cu合金的应力和应变疲劳行为比较

通过恒应力和恒塑性应变控制疲劳实验,比较了等通道转角挤压四道次的Al—0．7％Cu(质量分数)合金的疲劳寿命、表面变形形貌、疲劳开裂和疲劳断口．结果表明：样品发生明显的循环软化,致使应变和应力疲劳寿命在高、低应力范围存在差别．在应变控制疲劳样品中,塑性变形既可由剪切带来承担,也可以由剪切带和形变带共同承担,进而疲劳裂纹分别沿剪切带或形变带萌生．而应力控制疲劳的塑性变形只集中在剪切带中,并导致剪切疲劳开裂．疲劳断口上存在典型的疲劳裂纹萌生区、缓慢扩展区、快速扩展区和最后瞬断区．     

形变对Ti44Ni47Nb9宽滞后形状记忆合金应力诱发马氏体相变行为的影响

采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)系统研究了在(M8 30℃)温度下拉伸形变对Ti44Ni47Nb9形状记忆合金应力诱发马氏体(SIM)相变行为的影响．DSC测量表明，SIM相变为一微观不均匀过程，当形变量达到约14％时，SIM相变过程结束．在形变试样的第一次加热过程中，SIM的逆转变开始温度A′s和相变潜热均随着形变量的增加先增加后略有降低；而逆转变温度间隔随着形变量的增加略有增加，但和热诱发马氏体相比，SIM的逆转变温度间隔明显变窄．此宽滞后现象为一次性效应．在随后加热循环中的相变潜热、第一次冷却过程中马氏体相变开始温度以及第二次加热过程中逆转变开始温度均随着形变的增加而缓慢降低．     

[123]Cu-16%Al单晶循环形变的不稳定性Ⅱ.循环形变行为

研究了［123］Cu－16％Al单晶在不同塑性应变幅下的循环形变行为结果表明,试样在整个循环过程中表现出较低的硬化率,且几乎与应变幅大小无关在γp1＝5．3×10－5－64×10－4范围内,循环最大切应力和循环最小切应力几乎与应变幅无关,当γp1＞6．4×10－4时,表现为缓慢硬化随着应变突发的发生,滑移带逐渐增多,在低应变幅γp＝5．3×10－5下驻留Luders带（PLB）不均匀,存在局部无形变区;在其它塑性应变幅下,驻留Luders带均匀分布于试样的整个标距     

截齿形变热处理的组织观察

对截齿进行形变热处理，并对其形变热处理后的组织进行了观察．结果表明：经50％形变后，获得了弯曲而相互交错马氏体板条；形变淬火态位错密度较高，回火态位错结构发生了变化，形成了位错胞壁；大量细小而弥散的碳化物在马氏体内部及在位错线上析出。截齿的力学性能满足生产需要。     

沉积态(Fe88Zr7B5)0.97Cu0.03软磁合金薄膜的磁性和巨磁阻抗效应

采用射频溅射法在单晶硅衬底上制备了(Fe88Zr7B5）0．97Cu0．03非晶软磁合金薄膜样品，对沉积态样品的软磁性能和巨磁阻抗(GMI)效应进行了实验研究与机理分析．结果表明，未掺Cu元素的Fe88Zr7B5沉积态合金薄膜几乎无GMI效应，而掺了适量Cu元素的(Fe88Zr7B5)0．97Cu0．03合金薄膜在沉积态下即具有显著的GMI效应．在13MHz频率下，最大纵向磁阻抗比达17％，最大横向磁阻抗比为11％，这表明(Fe88Zr7B5)0．97Cu0.03非晶合金薄膜在沉积态已具备优异的软磁性能和巨磁阻抗效应．同时讨论了该薄膜样品的巨磁阻抗效应随频率的变化特性．     

CYCLIC DEFORMATION OF FCC CRYSTALS AND ITS DISLOCATION INTERACTION MODEL Ⅱ. DISLOCATION INTERACTION MODEL OF CYCLIC DEFORMATION

运用位错之间的交互作用理论,对各种轴向Cu晶体的循环形变行为进行了分析和比较,确认晶体循环形变的应力-应变响应以及形成的位错组态是由各滑移系统的位错反应的模式和强度决定的,根据晶体轴向在标准取向三角形中的位置,可以推断其循环形变行为.     

Cyclic Fatigue Fracture Behavior of Spray-Deposited SiCp/Al-Si Composite

The cyclic fatigue characteristics of spray-deposited SiC_p/Al-Si composite were investigated in comparison with the unreinforced Al-Si alloy. The as-extruded specimens were cyclically deformed with fully reversed loading under a range of total strain amplitudes. The results show that the cyclic response characteristics for the reinforced and unreinforced materials are similar to each other. Both the composite and matrix alloys display cyclic hardening under total strain amplitude of 0.35-0.5%. Otherwise, the composite exhibits higher degree of strain hardening than that of the matrix alloy. Dislocation substructure developed during cyclic deformation was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. The discrepancy between dislocation substructures obtained from processing compared to its development during cyclic strain loading is thought to give rise to the observed cyclic stress response behavior. Fractographic analysis shows that particle/matrix debonding and particle cracking are the main mechanisms of failure in the SiC particle-reinforced composite.     

Mechanisms governing deformation and damage during elevated-temperature fatigue of an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy

The cyclic deformation and fracture characteristics of aluminum alloy 6061 are presented and discussed. The specimens were cyclically deformed using fully reversed tension-compression loading under total strain-amplitude control, over a range of temperatures. The alloy showed evidence of softening to failure at all test temperatures. The degree of softening during fully reversed deformation increased with test temperature. The presence of shearable matrix precipitates results in a microstructure that offers a local decrease in resistance to dislocation movement, causing a progressive loss of strengthening contributions to the matrix. At elevated temperatures, localized oxidation and embrittlement at the grain boundaries are exacerbated by the applied cyclic stress and play an important role in accelerating crack initiation and subsequent crack propagation. The fracture behavior of the alloy is discussed in light of competing influences of intrinsic microstructural effects, deformation characteristics arising from a combination of mechanical and microstructural contributions, cyclic plastic strain amplitude and concomitant response stress, and the test temperature.     

BAUSCHINGER EFFECT AND DISLOCATION STRUCTURE IN STAINLESS STEEL DURING CYCLIC DEFORMATION

Cyclic deformation in symmetrical push-pull mode was carried out at room temperature in airusing a Schenck hydropuls machine.The total strain amplitude which was kept constant dur-ing the test ranged from ±0.004 to±0.012.The 0.2% offset yield stress σ_(0.2f) in tensionand σ_(0.2r) in compression and peak stress σ were measured from the stress-strain hysteresisloop at various cycles.The Bauschinger strenghth differential factor(BSDF)was then calcu-lated from σ_(0.2f) and σ_(0.2r).The energy loss △E of each cycle was determined fromhysteresis loop areas.These parameters,BSDF,σ and △E,appear to have two distinctivelydifferent stages.The dislocation structures were observed using TEM in specimens deformed cyclically,forvarious cycles.The observation shows that the dislocations pile-up mainly against grainboundaries and there exist large amount of deformation twins.The addition of 0.25 wt-% ni-trogen reduced the stacking fault energy of the alloy significantly.Cross-slip and climb aretherefore rather difficult to occur during the cyclic deformation at room temperature,andwell-defined dislocation cells and walls can only be seen at the final stage of fatigue.     

The fatigue response and fracture behavior of a spray atomized and deposited aluminum-silicon alloy

In this article the results of a recent study designed to improve our understanding of the cyclic fatigue and fracture characteristics of a spray atomized and deposited hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy are presented. Specimens of the alloy were cyclically deformed to failure at ambient temperature under fully reversed total strain amplitude controlled tension-compression loading. The alloy exhibited low cyclic plasticity and fatigue life under total strain amplitude controlled deformation. Cyclic stress amplitude controlled high-cycle fatigue characteristics were established at an elevated temperature (150 °C). The cyclic stress response, high-cycle fatigue life and fracture characteristics of the alloy are compared with a conventional ingot metallurgy processed counterpart and discussed in light of intrinsic microstructural features, nature and magnitude of stress, and ductility of the material.     

Mechanical Behavior of Two High Strength Alloy Steels Under Conditions of Cyclic Tension

The results of a recent study aimed at understanding the conjoint influence of load ratio and microstructure on the high cycle fatigue properties and resultant fracture behavior of two high strength alloy steels is presented and discussed. Both the chosen alloy steels, i.e., 300M and Tenax? 310 have much better strength and ductility properties to offer in comparison with the other competing high strength steels having near similar chemical composition. Test specimens were precision machined from the as-provided stock of each steel. The machined specimens were deformed in both uniaxial tension and cyclic fatigue under conditions of stress control. The test specimens of each alloy steel were cyclically deformed over a range of maximum stress at two different load ratios and the number of cycles to failure recorded. The specific influence of load ratio on cyclic fatigue life is presented and discussed keeping in mind the maximum stress used during cyclic deformation. The fatigue fracture surfaces were examined in a scanning electron microscope to establish the macroscopic mode and to concurrently characterize the intrinsic features on the fracture surface. The conjoint influence of nature of loading, maximum stress, and microstructure on cyclic fatigue life is discussed.     

EVOLUTION OF MICROSTRUCTURES AND HARDNESS DURING CONTINUOUS THERMO-MECHANICAL PROCESSING OF 6201 ALUMINUM ALLOY

1.Introduction6201aluminumalloyisaheattreatablealloyandoftenusedforoverheadconductivewire,whichcanbefabricatedthroughakeyprocedureofcontinuousthermo-mechanicalprocessing(CTMP)toobtaingoodcomprehensiveproperties[1--4].Inrecentyears,manyrenovatedproductionmethodshavebeendeveloped,oneofwhichisCHTA(ContinuouslyHeatTreatmentAllots)processing,includingcontinuouscastingandthermo--mechanicalrolling,drawing.CHTAnotonlyeliminatesseveralproceduresofheattreatment,thusleadingtohigherproductivityanden…     

相场方法模拟AZ31镁合金的静态再结晶过程

为了获得合金静态再结晶前的变形晶粒组织,应用网格畸变模型与相场模型结合,生成变形合金再结晶前的初始晶粒组织;针对合金不同变形区域的特征和体系储存能分布不均匀的特点,分别引入反映不同变形区域的储存能分布的权重因子和变形区域的特征状态因子,构造多状态的非均匀自由能密度函数.在此基础上,应用相场动力学方程模拟了AZ31镁合金的静态再结晶过程的微结构演化,系统地分析了再结晶转变动力学曲线和Avrami曲线,以及储存能释放规律和再结晶晶粒尺度分布.模拟得到的动力学规律符合JMAK理论,所得的Avrami曲线可近似看成一条直线,对应于真应变ε=0.25,0.50,0.75和1.00,该直线的平均斜率分别为2.45,2.35,2.19和2.15.Avrami时间指数随变形量的增加而降低.变形程度大的合金,储存能释放的速度快,完成静态再结晶所需的时间短.基于本文提出的模型,结合相场方法计算模拟所得的结果与已有的理论结果和实验结果符合良好.     

Al_2O_3-ZrO_2-Spinel三元纳米复相陶瓷超塑性变形及组织演变

采用真空热压烧结工艺制备了三元纳米复相陶瓷并进行了超塑性压缩试验.结果表明:纳米复相陶瓷中的第二相在烧结和变形过程中有效地阻止了基体Al_2O_3的晶粒长大.在1650 ℃材料表现出良好的高应变速率超塑变形能力,变形抗力小于30 MPa.微观组织观察表明由于变形过程中存在有益压应力,材料变形后晶界处未出现空洞,经变形量为60%的压缩变形后材料中存在较高密度的位错,位错主要存在于尖晶石和氧化锆第二相中,基体Al_2O_3的晶粒仍为等轴状,表明位错运动对晶界滑移起到了积极地协调作用.     

预变形对TiNi薄膜相变行为的影响

用DSC法研究了预变莆对TiNi薄膜相变行为的影响,结果表明,预变形可使马氏体逆相变温度升高,马氏体发生了稳定化,经过一次完全相变循环后,这种稳定化现象消失,若TiNi薄膜在预变形后先经过一次不完全逆相变,则其后的热循环中,除第一次相变循环的逆相变是由两个独立的相变过程共同完成,其他相变循环的逆相变过程相同于变形的状态,由此可见,预变形造成的TiNi薄膜马氏体稳定化现象,经过完全相变循环后均可以消除,而与预变形后薄膜的相变历史无关。     

EXPERIMENTAL SIMULATION ON CONTROL ROLLING PROCESS OF 6201 ALUMINUM ALLOY

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