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基于激光结构光的视觉传感技术是目前实现焊接过程自动化和智能化的主流传感技术。简要介绍了基于激光结构光的不同类型的视觉传感器及其在焊接领域的典型应用。针对图像处理过程中的图像预处理、激光中心线提取、特征点识别这3个阶段,分别详述了每个阶段的传统图像处理算法,并针对一些焊接领域应用的典型场景,举例说明了更具特色的图像处理算法及其应用所获得的图像处理效果,包括检测精度和实时性。最后,对基于激光结构光的视觉传感技术在焊接领域的进一步研究和应用以及未来的发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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介绍了最新的激光视觉传感技术在汽车、造船、管道和铁路车辆等领域的自动化电弧焊接和激光焊接中的应用.先进且可靠的数字激光传感系统保证了电弧或激光热源能准确地对中准焊缝.在焊接过程中能够根据所测量的间隙和错边等数据实时地调整焊接过程参数,并在线检测焊后的焊缝成形和表面缺陷.从而保证焊接质量,并提高生产效率,降低总体焊接生产成本.应用这些适合焊接的智能化激光视觉传感技术.可以有效地提高焊接产品的质量和价格的竞争力. 相似文献
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为了研究不同焊接条件下激光视觉法与弧光传感法对脉冲GTAW焊熔池振荡信号的传感效果,分别建立了相应的试验系统,并进行了提取脉冲GTAW定点及连续焊熔池振荡频率的试验,对比分析了两种方法的传感效果. 结果表明,定点焊时弧光传感法与激光视觉法都能够稳定并准确的检测出熔池振荡频率;连续焊时随着焊接速度的提高弧光法传感获得熔池振荡信号质量变差,而焊接速度的变化对激光视觉法获得熔池振荡信号质量影响较小. 因此在连续焊接条件下,激光视觉法具有更好的适应性. 相似文献
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激光焊接技术的研究现状与展望 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
激光技术在制造业中的应用是目前各国的研究重点,随着工业发展对高效、环保、自动化的需要,激光技术的应用迅速普及制造业的许多领域.在此基础上,激光焊接工艺将成为激光应用的重要方面之一.本文概述了激光焊接的发展现状,简单介绍了采用激光技术进行焊接的基本原理及其优缺点.详细描述了激光器的研发、等离子体控制、焊接过程的自动化检测和各种先进激光焊接技术.通过介绍激光焊接在具体领域(如汽车业、造船业等)的应用,充分说明激光技术在焊接制造中的优越性,并对激光焊接的发展前景做了具体的展望. 相似文献
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在模具表面激光强化过程中,当单位材料激光能量达到一定值时,微小的离焦量波动就会导致飞溅缺陷的产生,对模具表面强化质量有较大的影响. 利用CCD同轴视觉对激光强化的过程进行实时采集并处理,提取焊道宽度信息,作为电流一定情况下飞溅产生的一个特征量. 但仅仅依靠视觉图像不能够保证检测的准确性,而声信号强度与激光能量有直接的关系,通过试验验证了这种关系. 探索了声信号的均方根与飞溅产生的关系. 通过声信号辅助同轴视觉对焊接过程的监测,通过不同的方面对激光模具修复飞溅的检测,极大的提高了飞溅检测的准确性. 相似文献
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针对激光焊接过程中由于参数不匹配、装配误差等原因造成的焊接过程不稳定等焊接缺陷,基于同轴图像传感技术,建立起一套激光焊接过程中的质量在线监测系统,对焊接过程中的熔池图像进行了采集分析及其熔池特征信息的提取. 结果表明,在激光功率为1 500 W的不等厚不锈钢薄板激光焊接试验条件下,焊接过程中的不稳定、下塌缺陷以及焊偏现象与熔池形状各特征信息变化具有一定的相关性. 结合BP神经网络算法对所提特征信息进行分类、识别,基于LabVIEW软件平台,可实现相应缺陷的自动化识别及报警功能. 相似文献
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Yosuke Yamazaki Yohei Abe Yukio Hioki Mitsuyoshi Nakatani Akikazu Kitagawa Kazuhiro Nakata 《Welding International》2016,30(10):745-754
Narrow gap welding with an oscillation laser beam is one of the effective processes for thick plate welding. To put this welding process into practical manufacturing, a groove-sensing system using image processing for narrow gap welding with an oscillation laser beam is used. This developed system uses still images of the weld zone taken by a coaxial CMOS camera. It can recognize the position of the groove wall by analysing the brightness distribution in the still image. It can then control the oscillation width and the laser-irradiated area by calculating the groove width and the groove centre position. Some narrow gap welding experiments were performed to evaluate the performance of the developed system. The results revealed that the developed system is effective for narrow gap welding with an oscillation laser beam. Using this system, the narrow gap groove can be welded even if the groove width has changed during the welding process. 相似文献
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基于视觉的不锈钢Nd:YAG激光焊焊接熔池和小孔的图像处理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在激光焊接过程中存在众多干扰因素,为保证焊接质量,需要对激光焊进行质量控制。实现焊接质量控制的关键是表征焊接质量信息的获取,而焊接熔池和小孔包含丰富的焊接质量信息。针对不锈钢Nd:YAG激光焊,构建了同轴视觉检测系统,获得了熔池和小孔图像。根据熔池和小孔图像的特点,设计了图像处理算法,并分别针对熔池和小孔确定了搜索起始点和搜索准则。 相似文献
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激光-熔化极惰性气体(melt inert gas,MIG)复合焊过程中容易出现根部驼峰缺陷,为了实现焊接过程根部驼峰缺陷的同步预测,研究根部驼峰缺陷预测的算法并对其预测结果进行分析. 采用高速摄像机进行复合焊接过程的实时视觉传感采集,提取焊接过程的正面熔池和匙孔的时序特征信息,并对这些特征信号进行小波包分解(wavelet packet decomposition,WPD)与重构. 应用激光扫描仪获得背部焊缝余高,以此作为驼峰状态标记的依据. 再通过长短期记忆(long short-term memory,LSTM)神经网络对焊接过程中根部驼峰状态进行预测. 结果表明,WPD-LSTM算法对根部驼峰预测的准确率达到97.85%. 相比其它算法,基于焊接过程正面视觉传感时序特征信息的WPD-LSTM算法预测准确率更高,且预测结果具有较高的连续性,有利于实现对焊接过程根部驼峰缺陷的同步检测与控制. 相似文献
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Laser welding, as a highly efficient processing technology, has been widely applied to manufacturing industry. This paper makes an overview on real time monitoring of laser welding. It begins with a detailed introduction to six typical sensors (photodiode, visual, spectrometer, acoustical sensor, pyrometer, plasma charge sensor) in laser welding detection. Then it makes a review on multi-sensor fusion technology in both laser welding monitoring and adaptive control. Last, subjects for future research concerning welding monitoring and control have been proposed. The paper concludes that the real-time monitoring of laser welding can provide a great amount of valid information about welding status to help effectively identify weld defects and realize adaptive control. 相似文献
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Seiji Katayama Satoshi Kawaguchi Masami Mizutani Yousuke Kawahito Taishi Tarui 《Welding International》2013,27(10):753-762
Laser welding of aluminium alloys is difficult because of their low laser coupling, easy formation of welding defects, etc. and thus the establishment of in process monitoring technique is expected in various industries to obtain highly reliable laser welds. In this study, therefore, both the reflected laser beam and radiation light from die molten pool were investigated as monitoring signals during YAG laser welding of A5052 and A5182 aluminium alloy to confirm validity and usefulness of these signals for monitoring. At the same time, laser-welding phenomena were observed through a high-speed video camera to better interpret the monitored signals. Two signals were detected by utilizing photo sensors and band pass or cut-off filters coaxially against a laser beam and from the above-back direction. In this paper, experimental setup, and monitoring and observation results were presented. The correlation between monitoring signals and welding phenomena was clarified when the welding defects such as underfilling and through holes were formed. 相似文献
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研究一种基于等离子体图像特征的大功率盘形激光深熔焊质量分析及检测的新方法.以大功率盘形激光焊接Type 304不锈钢板为试验对象,应用高速摄像机摄取焊接过程中的等离子体图像,通过图像处理技术提取等离子体的面积和高度特征.以熔宽作为衡量焊接过程稳定性的因素,对比焊接过程中等离子体图像和焊接试件的熔宽变化,研究相邻等离子体... 相似文献