β-胡萝卜素微胶囊制备及理化特性分析

通过寻找合适的壁材对β-胡萝卜素进行包埋,制备成稳定性好、包埋率高的微胶囊,提高β-胡萝卜素的水分散性和化学稳定性。果胶是一种具有黏胶性的多糖,在食品和医药生产中有广泛的应用。为此,在研究不同壁材及配比对β-胡萝卜素包埋的影响后,采用乳清分离蛋白（whey protein isolate,WPI）及乳清分离蛋白果胶混合物分别包埋两种制备工艺。研究表明,两者都能形成纳米级的微胶囊,且水溶性较好,产品包埋率分别为85.6%和88.2%。在常温储存过程中,乳清分离蛋白果胶混合物包埋的β-胡萝卜素微胶囊的粒径变化较小,形态较为稳定。     

核桃油成分分析及不同微胶囊工艺的研究

测定了核桃油脂肪酸和维生素E成分,并将β-环糊精、黄原胶/麦芽糊精组合分别作为壁材,采用包埋络和工艺以及喷雾干燥工艺包埋核桃油,比较两种微胶囊工艺的包埋效果.结果表明,在核桃油中,单不饱和脂肪酸含量为20.74％,多不饱和脂肪酸含量为70.278％,不饱和脂肪酸高达90％以上,维生素E含量为3.11 mg/mL;包埋效果以黄原胶/麦芽糊精壁材进行喷雾干燥后得到微胶囊效果较好,包埋率（95.28％）高于以β-环糊精为壁材采用包埋络和工艺的包埋率（83.23％）.     

以β-环糊精为壁材制备薏苡仁酯微胶囊的工艺研究

目的探讨包结络合法制备薏苡仁酯微胶囊化的工艺条件,得出包埋率高、感官质量好的薏苡仁酯微胶囊产品.方法先以丙酮为溶剂提取薏苡仁酯,再以β-环糊精为壁材,包结络法进行微胶囊化.结果用3.5倍的丙酮浸提三次,每次8h,几乎能萃取出薏苡仁中全部的薏苡仁酯;正交实验得出微胶囊化最佳工艺条件:β-环糊精(壁材)初始溶液的质量浓度为100g /L,薏苡仁酯(芯材)与β-环糊精(壁材)的质量之比为0.2:1,搅拌速度为1200r/min.根据此工艺条件制备的微胶囊产品干燥后测定薏苡仁酯的包埋率为64.6% ,包埋效果一般.     

GC-MS测定二次包埋法及β-环糊精制备葱油香精微胶囊热稳定性的比较研究

探讨了以葱油香精为芯材,用二次包埋法(复凝聚结合喷雾干燥法)和β-环糊精对其进行微胶囊化,分别在2种方法的最佳工艺条件下制备葱油香精微胶囊。扫描电子显微镜对比观察显示,二次包埋法包埋所得微胶囊产品比β-环糊精法所得产品更具有典型的微胶囊表面特性。GC-MS分析2种产品的热稳定性表明,经二次包埋法制得的微胶囊,高温处理下(200℃,3 min)能够提供葱油香精最大程度的保护。     

β-环糊精制备葱油香精微胶囊的工艺研究

文章研究了以β-环糊精为壁材制备葱油香精微胶囊的工艺,考察了制备工艺中芯壁比、β-环糊精浓度、包埋温度、包埋时间对β-环糊精制备葱油香精微胶囊包埋效果的影响,通过实验得到了葱油香精微胶囊的最佳工艺条件,芯壁比1∶10,β-环糊精浓度为15%,包埋温度为50℃,包埋时间为120 min,同时对微胶囊产品进行了初步的质量评定。     

不同壁材丁香精油微胶囊保鲜剂性能研究

采用饱和水溶液法,以β-环糊精和壳聚糖为壁材,丁香精油为芯材与壁芯比为4∶1制备3种丁香精油微胶囊保鲜剂,并对三种组合壁材微胶囊保鲜剂的表面形态、光照稳定性、包埋率、缓释效果以及抑菌效果进行测定,结果表明β-环糊精丁香精油微胶囊的包埋率最高,为67%;β-环糊精-壳聚糖丁香精油微胶囊1的光照稳定性最好,丁香精油损失率仅为32.67%;β-环糊精-壳聚糖丁香精油微胶囊1的缓释效果最好;β-环糊精-壳聚糖丁香精油微胶囊1的抑菌圈直径最大(38.5±0.40 mm)。综合考量得β-环糊精-壳聚糖1为壁材制得的丁香精油微胶囊性能最好。     

用4种不同包埋材料制备维生素A微胶囊制剂稳定性研究

目的筛选包埋材料,确定乳液配方,制备出稳定性好的维生素A微胶囊制剂产品。方法用阿拉伯胶、明胶、β-环糊精和变性淀粉做包埋剂制备维生素A乳液;调整黄原胶用量提高乳液稳定性,调节水量使乳液黏度适合喷雾造粒;制备维生素A微胶囊制剂,做40℃加速实验,比较用以上4种不同包埋剂制备的维生素A微胶囊制剂的稳定性。结果用明胶制备的维生素A微胶囊制剂稳定性最好,其次是用阿拉伯胶和变性淀粉制备的维生素A微胶囊制剂,而稳定性最差的是用β-环糊精制备的维生素A微胶囊制剂。结论高分子材料明胶最适合做为包埋剂用于维生素A微胶囊制剂制备。     

β-环糊精对不同香料微胶囊化的研究

对以β环糊精为载体所制备的微胶囊化单体香料的效果进行了评价,利用红外光谱研究了β-环糊精对不同单体香料微胶囊化产品,同时还采用DSC研究了不同单体香料的微胶囊化产品的热力学性质,并对产品的热残留进行了测定。通过研究发现β-环糊精对单体香料的包埋效果因香料的不同而有所差异,红外光谱研究可以发现单体香料与β-环糊精内部的疏水性内腔发生了相互作用形成了新的复合物,采用DSC对微胶囊产品进行的热力学分析发现所制备的微胶囊化香料在一定温度范围内得到很好的保护,通过对产品热残留的测定发现产品具有一定的耐热性能。     

辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯制备高含量β-胡萝卜素微胶囊

以辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯(OSAS)和β-环糊精为主要壁材,葵花籽油为溶解载体,硬脂酰乳酸钠(SSL)为乳化剂,并添加适量dl-α-生育作为的抗氧化剂,通过高温油熔和喷雾干燥方式研制高含量的β-胡萝卜素微胶囊产品。以微胶囊的包埋率为目标,利用单因素和混料实验设计优化β-胡萝卜素微胶囊的最佳工艺配方。结果表明:在微胶囊壁材含量占62%(β-环糊精和辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯分别占42%和20%)、葵花籽油21%、SSL 2%时可制得高含量的β-胡萝卜素微胶囊产品,产品包埋率、流动性及溶解性均能满足应用性要求。     

鹿胎盘肽微胶囊技术的研究

分别以明胶、β-环糊精、多孔淀粉为包埋材料,利用超声波技术制备鹿胎盘肽微胶囊,比较了各微胶囊的性质,结果表明:明胶作为壁材.包埋率高于γ-环糊精,但从整体的包埋效果来看,以β-环糊精为壁材的微胶囊溶解性非常好,产品无腥味,缓释作用强于以明胶为壁材的微胶囊.多孔淀粉-鹿胎盘多肽为芯材的微胶囊中,明胶作为壁材的包埋效果好于β-环糊精,其包埋率最大可达到55.33%,尽管两者的包埋率都较低,但缓释作用却表现得非常明显.微胶囊化的鹿胎盘多肽抗氧化性保持较好,不易吸潮,其中以多孔淀粉一鹿胎盘多肽为芯材,β-环糊精为壁材的微胶囊活性保持最好.贮藏9 d后.抑制率仍可达到47.56%.     

VE 微胶囊的制备及性质研究

以壳聚糖和麦芽糊精为壁材,通过喷雾干燥的方法制备VE 微胶囊。所得的微胶囊包埋率为89.02%,VE保留率为91.73%,水分含量为2.67%;扫描电镜(SEM)观察结果显示,VE 微胶囊表面形态以及内部结构良好,具有良好的包埋效果;差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测定得出微胶囊产品的Tg 值为41.579℃,热熔解温度Tm 为199.483℃表明产品有较好的贮藏稳定性以及较广的应用范围;并且对微胶囊在不同贮藏条件下的释放进行研究,引入Avrami's 公式对微胶囊释放进行分析,结果表明,微胶囊的释放速度在相对湿度75%的条件下要明显快于其他两种条件。     

海藻酸钠和乳清蛋白作为益生菌包埋壁材的比较

利用海藻酸钠和乳清蛋白分别制备包埋有两歧双歧杆菌的微胶囊,测定了不同微胶囊的粒径、包埋效率、缓冲能力和外观形态,同时还考察了不同微胶囊对两歧双歧杆菌保护效果的影响。结果表明：乳清蛋白微胶囊的粒径和包埋效率均要高于海藻酸钠微胶囊,分别为202.5 μm,87.8%和118.3 μm,48.1%;虽然在高胆盐环境中两种微胶囊对两歧双歧杆菌的保护效果没有显著差别,但在低酸环境、模拟胃液和常温贮藏期中,相比于海藻酸钠微胶囊,乳清蛋白微胶囊将两歧双歧杆菌的存活量分别提高了大约5、2、0.5（lg（CFU/mL））。乳清蛋白微胶囊在pH值偏中性的环境中具有较高的缓冲能力;在外观形态上,由高浓度乳清蛋白溶液制备而来的微胶囊具有较好的呈球性和致密度,这些可能是乳清蛋白微胶囊具有较高保护效果的原因。     

Efficient encapsulation of fish oil: Capitalizing on the unique inherent characteristics of whey cream and hydrolyzed whey protein

The effects of protein concentration and of blending a phospholipid-rich whey coproduct, Procream (Salibra 700 Procream, Glanbia Nutritionals), with intact or hydrolyzed whey protein concentrate, on fish oil microencapsulation efficiency and oxidative stability were assessed. Trypsin and protease M, from Aspergillus oryzae, were used to produce 2 unique hydrolysates. All microcapsules had excellent encapsulation efficiencies (>92%) and good physical properties, regardless of protein content and Procream inclusion. Intact α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin and their peptides were involved in stabilizing oil droplets. Disulfide interchange resulted in formation of protein aggregates, which were more pronounced in samples containing Procream. Although all microcapsules had relatively good oxidative stability, most had better stability at 2 versus 0.5% protein. Protease M hydrolysate + Procream microcapsules had the highest stability, regardless of protein content. Results demonstrated that Procream, at a reduced protein inclusion level, can partially replace more expensive whey protein ingredients in microencapsulation, when blended with a select hydrolysate.     

长双歧杆菌BBMN68微胶囊的制备及其应用性评价

长双歧杆菌BBMN68分离自广西巴马长寿老人粪便,已证明其具有双歧杆菌普遍的生理功能。为解决其不耐酸、不耐氧的缺点,本实验采用微胶囊包埋技术,以海藻酸钠、乳清蛋白以及VE为壁材,在氮气体系中采用挤压法包埋该双歧杆菌活菌体制备湿微胶囊和冻干微胶囊。结果表明：海藻酸钠、乳清蛋白和VE质量分数分别为2%、3%和10%条件下制备的湿微胶囊在酸奶中保存21 d仍能保持106 CFU/g以上的活菌数,耐胃酸实验2.0 h时活菌数仍高达3.16×107 CFU/g,肠溶实验中微胶囊在2.0 h实现完全崩解;海藻酸钠和乳清蛋白质量分数为2%和3%,氮气环境下制备的冻干微胶囊通过恒温加速实验测定可在室温条件下贮藏长达75 d。通过微胶囊包埋技术较好地解决了长双歧杆菌BBMN68不耐酸、不耐氧的缺点,同时也提供一种新型有效的补充肠道益生菌的形式。     

洋葱精油微胶囊制备工艺优化及其品质分析

为得到包埋效果好、品质优良的洋葱精油微胶囊,采用喷雾干燥法,研究壁材种类、芯材-壁材用量比和固形物用量对微胶囊包埋率的影响及在扫描电子显微镜下的形貌、感官性状、包埋度、含水率、溶解度、堆积密度、贮藏稳定性等。结果表明：在复合壁材为阿拉伯胶＋β-环糊精（质量比4∶3）、芯材-壁材用量比1∶4（mL/g）、固形物用量20%的条件下,洋葱精油微胶囊包埋率为92.35%;扫描电子显微镜结果显示微胶囊表面连续,呈光滑的球形;且微胶囊具有良好的感官性状,粉末均匀不黏壁,能够有效掩盖洋葱精油的辛辣刺激性气味,易于被消费者接受;在最佳制备条件下微胶囊的包埋度、含水率、溶解度、堆积密度、玻璃化转变温度分别为21.32%、3.69%、97.56%、0.786?g/cm3、46.35?℃,表明微胶囊易于溶解,含水率低,玻璃化转变温度高于一般贮藏温度。因此,最佳制备条件下微胶囊产品品质较优,具有良好的贮藏稳定性及市场接受度。     

Bifidobacterium Bb-12 microencapsulated by spray drying with whey: Survival under simulated gastrointestinal conditions,tolerance to NaCl,and viability during storage

Bifidobacterium Bb-12 was microencapsulated by spray drying with whey. This present work investigated the survival of these microcapsules under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, as well as their tolerance to NaCl and their viability during storage. The results showed a small decrease in the viability of microencapsulated Bifidobacterium at low pH. In relation to the exposure of Bifidobacterium to bile, microencapsulation with whey did not protect the probiotic cells; however, the viability of the microcapsules remained >6 log cfu/g, even after 24 h of incubation at the highest bile concentration analyzed. No growth was noted with either the free cells or the microencapsulated cells on MRS-LP with NaCl. The viability of the microcapsules stored at 4 °C remained high and constant for 12 weeks. When the microcapsules were added to a dairy dessert, the probiotic count remained above 7 log cfu/g for 6 weeks. Therefore, whey is a promising encapsulating agent for Bifidobacterium Bb-12.     

Characteristic of microencapsulated 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol and its application in infant formula powder

1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO) is used widely as a food additive. However, the structured lipid is sensitive to oxygen and light in the production process. This results in the loss of its original nutrition and production of harmful substances. In this study, the OPO was microencapsulated using whey protein isolate and maltodextrin as the wall material and monostearin as an emulsifier by spray-drying technology added to the infant formula milk, in order to improve its oxidative stability. The OPO microcapsules were released in vitro through the simulated gastrointestinal tract; sensory evaluation of microencapsulated OPO in infant formula powder and nutrition absorption of microencapsulated OPO in infant formula power by animal experiments were investigated. The results showed that OPO microcapsules have a slow-release effect; after 2 h of simulated gastric fluid digestion, only 16.1 ± 3.2% of the oil was released from microencapsulated OPO, and after another 2 h of simulated intestinal fluid digestion, there was 92.3 ± 2.8% of oil released from the microencapsulated OPO. The infant formula with microencapsulated OPO has a uniform colour and no odour. The quality of infant formula with microencapsulated OPO was obviously better than infant formula with OPO by storage test. Everted mice gut sac experiments confirmed that microencapsulation did not affect absorption of mice to OPO in infant formula and prevented the loss of calcium. The study confirmed that addition of microencapsulated OPO makes infant formula more efficient for product quality and nutrition absorption.     

不同蛋白质包埋壁材对益生菌在人体模拟胃液中的保护效果

为了提高益生菌在人体胃液中的存活率,本研究以大豆蛋白(SPI)、乳清蛋白(WPI)、酪蛋白(Casein)、明胶(Gelatin)为壁材,采用转谷氨酰胺酶交联的乳化凝胶方法,将Lactobacillus gasseri和Bifidobacterium bifidum包埋于蛋白质胶囊中,通过测定这两种益生菌在人体模拟胃液中的存活率,结果表明:相比于未经过包埋处理的细胞,包埋于蛋白质微胶囊中的细胞具有较高的存活率,并且还发现大豆蛋白微胶囊对菌的保护效果最好,明胶微胶囊最差。对于Lactobacillus gasseri,在加和未加胃蛋白酶的模拟胃液中,菌在这四种蛋白质微胶囊中的D值分别为:73.1、59.7、63.9、47.3min及246.6、240.5、220.0、90.2min。对于Bifidobacterium bifidum,在加和未加胃蛋白酶的模拟胃液中,菌在这四种蛋白质微胶囊中的D值分别为:31.7、24.2、22.7、18.7min和124.3、103.5、97.6、47.8min。除此之外,还比较了蛋白质的四种理化特性(乳化能力,凝胶强度,乳化稳定性、渗透性),其结果:乳化能力大小为SPI>Casein>WPI>Gelatin,凝胶强度大小为Gelatin>SPI>Casein>WPI,模拟胃液的渗透性大小为Gelatin>SPI=Casein>WPI,缓冲能力大小为Casein>WPI=SPI>Gelatin。通过上述结果可以推测蛋白质的缓冲能力与保护效果有很大的相关性,但缓冲能力并不是唯一决定因素,蛋白质其它的理化性质都有可能影响其保护效果。     

Potential use of whey concentrate and prebiotics as carrier agents to protect Bifidobacterium-BB-12 microencapsulated by spray drying

Bifidobacterium BB-12 was microencapsulated by spray drying using liquid whey or whey retentate obtained from nanofiltration and inulin or polydextrose. The microcapsules were then characterized and the viability of the bifidobacteria was determined for 90 days at 4 °C and at − 20 °C. All the microcapsules showed high count of bifidobacteria, low moisture content, and low water activity. The microcapsules showed similar morphologies and particle sizes. The density of the microcapsules decreased with the increase of the total solids of the feed solutions. The highest hygroscopicity was noted in the microcapsules produced with polydextrose. The time of dissolution in water was longer than it was in oil for all the samples. The presence of prebiotics in the microcapsules increased the L* values and decreased the b* values; meanwhile, the samples produced with whey retentate showed lower a* values. The results of the thermal analysis suggested that prebiotics improved the stability of the microcapsules.     

Short communication: Annatto in Cheddar cheese-derived whey protein concentrate is primarily associated with milk fat globule membrane

The yellow color of Cheddar cheese whey arises from a residual amount of annatto that partitions into the whey during Cheddar cheese manufacture. Bleaching of the color using hydrogen peroxide or benzoyl peroxide is often a prerequisite to produce an acceptable neutral-colored whey protein concentrate and isolate. However, the use of these strong oxidizing agents often generates off-flavors as a result of lipid oxidation and results in loss of nutritive value due to protein oxidation. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of partitioning of annatto between protein, milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), and aqueous (serum) phases of cheese whey so that a simple method can be developed to remove annatto from cheese whey. The MFGM was separated from Cheddar cheese whey using a recently developed novel method. Quantitative analysis of the distribution of annatto in the fat-free whey protein isolate (WPI), the MFGM fractions, and the serum phase revealed that annatto was not bound to the protein fraction but was mostly distributed between the serum phase and the MFGM fraction. The results showed that a colorless WPI or whey protein concentrate could be produced from Cheddar cheese whey by separation of MFGM from the whey, followed by diafiltration. This approach will negate the need for using bleaching agents.