Optimal channel switching in multiuser systems under average capacity constraints

In this paper, the optimal channel switching problem is studied for average capacity maximization in the presence of multiple receivers in the communication system. First, the optimal channel switching problem is proposed for average capacity maximization of the communication between the transmitter and the secondary receiver while fulfilling the minimum average capacity requirement of the primary receiver and considering the average and peak power constraints. Then, an alternative equivalent optimization problem is provided and it is shown that the solution of this optimization problem satisfies the constraints with equality. Based on the alternative optimization problem, it is obtained that the optimal channel switching strategy employs at most three communication links in the presence of multiple available channels in the system. In addition, the optimal strategies are specified in terms of the number of channels employed by the transmitter to communicate with the primary and secondary receivers. Finally, numerical examples are provided in order to verify the theoretical investigations.     

Mutual interference considered power allocation in OFDM-based cognitive networks: The single SU case

Efficient and conflict-free power allocation strategies in cognitive radio networks are being extensively studied in current research in order to meet the requirements of future wireless applications. In this paper, specifying the single secondary user (SU) with multiple primary user (PU) case, a novel power allocation scheme is developed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) – based cognitive radio networks designed to maximize the capacity of the SU while limiting the interference to the PUs. First, the mutual interference between the SU and the PUs is comprehensively formulated as the restrictions on the SU’s transmission power. Secondly, the power allocation problem is analyzed and formulated as a constrained optimization problem which is concluded to a peak-power constrained water-filling formulation. Finally, a novel low-complexity water-filling algorithm is proposed to solve the optimization problem and the optimal power allocation result is achieved. In a simplified scenario, numerical results are exhibited to confirm the efficiency of the proposed water-filling algorithm, and the influence of the mutual interference on the power allocation and the system capacity is further illustrated.     

MIMO系统中基于微时隙波束选择的机会波束形成性能仿真

文章研究了可以获得MIMO系统慢衰落信道中下行链路多用户分集增益和复用增益的机会波束形成（OBF）技术,并将其扩展到接收端多天线的情况下,发射端采用基于微时隙的波束选择技术进一步提高系统容量。每个微时隙基站利用随机产生的酉矩阵将M个数据子流承载在M个随机波束上进行发送,根据每个用户的反馈信干噪比机会地决定接收用户。最后系统选择使其容量最大的正交酉矩阵发送数据,并用注水算法进行功率分配进一步提高系统吞吐量。文中提出方法的优点在于,在接收端多天线的情况下系统通过波束选择技术进一步提高系统吞吐量。     

物联网传感器网络中次级用户在不完美信道下的带宽和功率分配

针对物联网（IoT）传感器网络无线资源的稀缺和信道不完美带来的误差问题,提出了一种在不完美信道状态信息（CSI）下为次级IoT设备（SID）用户分配带宽和功率的方法。首先,基于次级系统和主级系统的不同情况,分别建立了次级系统发送端与主级系统接收端、次级系统发送端与接收端之间的不完美信道模型。其次,提出了为次级IoT设备用户分配带宽和功率的机制,并考虑了当前带宽不够分配时应采取的措施和相应的惩罚机制,目的是在充分利用现有无线资源的情况下,最大化整个次级系统的能量效率（EE）。最后,使用粒子群优化（PSO）算法和加权切比雪夫法进行分步求解,在降低问题复杂度的同时得到最优的分配方案。仿真结果表明,与均等分配和随机分配方法相比,所提方法在最大化系统总发送速率和最小化次基站平均发送功率方面提升了约75%,能有效提升整个网络的能量效率。     

认知网络中基于功率分配的收发联合迭代结构

在认知无线电网络中,为保证主用户的通信质量,解决认知网络和主网络之间的干扰问题,进一步提高认知网络性能,本文提出一种基于广义信泄噪比的功率分配方案。为了获取更高的和速度,在认知网络发射和接收端引入波束成形矩阵,在此基础上发展了一种联合交替迭代结构,该结构将发射波束成形、功率分配和接收波束成形串联成迭代环。仿真结果表明,该迭代环收 敛速度快,相比传统波束成形等功率分配方案的和速率和误码率均有明显提高。     

多天线Rayleigh衰落相关信道的平均信道容量

研究了空间衰落相关的Rayleigh信道的平均信道容量,其发射端和接收端均采用多天线系统.在实际情况中,接收端有理想的信道状态信息,而发射端没有任何信道信息,因此在各发射天线上采用等功率分配进行发射.本文推导了具有2根发射天线和多根接收天线（TIMO）衰落相关信道的平均信道容量,将其和Monte-Carlo仿真结果比较,并进一步研究空间相关性对信道容量的影响.数值结果表明：信道的空间相关性降低了平均信道容量,而且不同于多入单出（MISO）信道,当信噪比一直增大,由相关性带来的容量损失也增大且不收敛.     

基于主用户公平性保护的最优功率分配

考虑了一个主用户为集中式通信系统的基于OFDM的认知无线电场景。因为认知用户的发送端到主用户的各个子用户之间的信道质量可能存在很大的差异,因而认知用户给各个子用户导致的干扰可能存在很大的不平衡,有的可能几乎没有受到干扰,而另外一些可能遭受到非常严重的干扰甚至中断。为了确保主用户中每个子用户的通信质量,考虑了基于对主用户中各个子用户公平性保护的最优功率分配的问题,它的最优解也被推导。仿真结果显示,提出的算法能够在资源(功率、频谱)的使用效率和对主用户各子用户保护的公平性之间取得良好的平衡。     

基于功率控制CDMA容量优化的应用

为了克服CDMA系统的远近效应和边缘效应,解决CDMA网络容量受限的问题,采用了功率控制技术,对前向链路减小基站发射功率,对反向链路调整移动台发射功率,降低系统内的干扰水平,满足用户QoS要求,有效提高CDMA系统容量。理论阐述了功率控制技术与CDMA系统容量的关系,从系统载扰比分析入手验证了功率控制对CDMA系统容量的影响,得到了基于功率控制技术两种容量优化方法即远近控制和C/I控制。实际案例仿真结果表明,通过优化功率控制参数的方法能够有效地提升CDMA系统的容量,促使CDMA网络软容量达到最佳,为CDMA网络优化人员提供可以借鉴的思路和方法。     

数控机床轴动检测的红外传感器设计

介绍了一种利用红外传感器实现数控机床轴动检测的方法，给出了详细的红外发射及接收电路。在系统的设计中采用ASK调制技术，提高了红外传输距离，具有良好的稳定性和抗干扰能力。使用情况表明，该系统能准确及时的检测，大大降低了数控机床的故障率。该系统已投入实际应用，效果理想。     

Bargaining game theoretic power control in selfish cooperative relay networks

Wireless cooperative communications require appropriate power allocation (PA) between the source and relay nodes. In selfish cooperative communication networks, two partner user nodes could help relaying information for each other, but each user node has the incentive to consume his power solely to decrease its own symbol error rate (SER) at the receiver. In this paper, we propose a fair and efficient PA scheme for the decode-and-forward cooperation protocol in selfish cooperative relay networks. We formulate this PA problem as a two-user cooperative bargaining game, and use Nash bargaining solution (NBS) to achieve a win-win strategy for both partner users. Simulation results indicate that the NBS is fair in that the degree of cooperation of a user only depends on how much contribution its partner can make to decrease its SER at the receiver, and efficient in the sense that the SER performance of both users could be improved through the game.     

改进的协作频谱共享方案

针对认知无线电系统,提出一种改进的协作频谱共享方案,其中,次用户充当中继,协助主用户传输。改进方案采用解码-再生编码-转发中继协议,通过污纸编码有效地在发射端消除来自主用户信号的干扰,并且分配一部分功率协助传输主用户信号,保证主用户的中断性能。通过理论推导,得出次用户离主用户发射机的距离半径表达式。仿真结果表明,改进方案能有效扩大次用户的频谱共享范围,还提高了主用户和次用户的中断性能。     

无线Mesh网络中多射频多信道MAC机制设计

针对无线Mesh网络中多信道分配问题,提出了一种适用于多射频网络的MAC机制MRMC-MAC.整个机制包含节点默认接收信道分配、可切换主信道集分配、节点通信以及可切换主信道集更新4部分.采用一种基于接收负载的分配算法,将接收负载作为信道分配的优先级参数,保证了接收负载重的节点优先分配到负载较小的信道,而接收负载较轻的节点间可以共享同一个默认接收信道,从而平衡了各个信道间的负载.分析了多射频网络中的多信道的隐终端问题并提出了解决方案.仿真结果表明,使用MRMC-MAC协议能够明显地改进MAC层吞吐量、碰撞次数等性能参数.     

A directional MAC protocol with long-range communication ability in ad hoc networks

To address the problem that long-range communication capability in ad hoc networks using directional antenna is not generally utilized,a directional media access control (DMAC) protocol with long-range communication (LRC) capability in ad hoc networks is proposed.In the LRC-DMAC,the intermediate node uses a long-range orientation (LRO) algorithm to help the transmitter obtain the directional information of the receiver which is two hops away.Consequently,the long-range link between such two hops nodes can be set up.According to whether the received power information is available or not,we propose two types of LRO algorithm:without the received power information,a basic LRO obtains the approximate directional informa-tion of the long-range receiver by a geometric relationship;however,the LRO-PI can calculate the accurate directional information of the long-range receiver using the received power.Performance analysis indicates that the LRO algorithm achieves high accuracy when the relevant parameters are properly chosen.Simulation results show that the establishment of long-range links can effectively improve the network throughput and reduce the end-to-end delay.     

基于磁感应的油藏裂缝内地下无线传感网络定位

针对在油藏裂缝中地下无线传感网络节点定位问题,提出一种基于可变方向增强拉格朗日方法和粒子群优化相结合的定位算法。锚节点布置在井筒固定位置,传感器节点随压裂过程进入裂缝具有位置随机分布特性,节点间采用三线圈磁感应方式通信。推导了基于接收信号磁感应强度的节点间距离估计公式,据此获得全部节点与锚节点及与其邻居节点的距离集合。然后将定位问题转化为半定规划问题,并采用可变方向增强拉格朗日方法求解上述凸优化问题,获得初步定位,再将其作为粒子群优化算法的初始值,在上述初始值小邻域内局部搜索获得最优解作为最终定位。仿真结果表明该算法相对定位误差低于0.6,且定位精度受测量噪声变化影响较小。     

协作认知无线网络中基于功率分配的安全波束成形

在协作认知网络中,针对次用户作为转发中继时主用户信息容易被窃听的问题,本文提出了一种基于功率分配的安全波束成形设计方法。首先,根据任意转发波束成形功率占比,以次用户的传输速率最大化为优化目标,构建安全波束成形设计联合优化问题。然后,将所述目标优化问题转换为凸优化问题;最后,通过一维搜索转发波束成形功率占比获得全局最优解,完成认知无线网络的安全波束成形设计。仿真分析表明,本文所提方法在保证主用户信息安全的同时可实现次用户的传输速率最大化。     

Uncapacitated single and multiple allocation p-hub center problems

The hub median problem is to locate hub facilities in a network and to allocate non-hub nodes to hub nodes such that the total transportation cost is minimized. In the hub center problem, the main objective is one of minimizing the maximum distance/cost between origin destination pairs. In this paper, we study uncapacitated hub center problems with either single or multiple allocation. Both problems are proved to be NP-hard. We even show that the problem of finding an optimal single allocation with respect to a given set of hubs is already NP-hard. We present integer programming formulations for both problems and propose a branch-and-bound approach for solving the multiple allocation case. Numerical results are reported which show that the new formulations are superior to previous ones.     

Optimal user scheduling and power control in multi-user cognitive broadcast systems

Cognitive radio systems should not only have the ability to sense and exploit "frequency spectrum holes",but also the ability to sense and utilize "spatial spectrum holes".In this paper,we consider the issue of maximizing the throughput of the cognitive systems by fully utilizing "spatial spectrum holes" brought in by multiple cognitive users,in the scenario where a pair of licensed users and a cognitive broadcast system share multiple spectrum bands.By exploiting the channel reciprocity under the premise that the licensed system adopts the time-division-duplexing (TDD) mode,we propose a more practical cognitive access scheme that can sense the interference at the licensed user caused by the cognitive transmitter,based on the existing feedback signals from the licensed user to the licensed base station.Taking both interferences from the licensed base station to the cognitive receiver and from the cognitive transmitter to the licensed user into consideration,we investigate the optimal user scheduling and power allocation scheme that can maximize the ergodic sum rate of the cognitive system.We show that scheduling the user whose channel gain to interference and noise ratio (CGINR) is the largest for each frequency band is optimal.We also derive the dynamic power allocation scheme meeting the three practical constraints,i.e.,the transmitter’s average transmission power constraint,the power amplifier’s instantaneous transmission power constraint,and the interference power constraint at the licensed user.The result shows that in different coherent time intervals and different frequency bands,the power allocation has a multi-level waterfilling structure.Theoretical analysis shows that the strategy scheduling user with the largest CGINR introduces significant performance improvement compared with the traditional strategy scheduling user with the largest channel gain to noise ratio (CGNR).We also illustrate the impact of power constraints and the number of users on system performance by simulation.     

潜铺型卫星认知通信中上行链路功率控制

针对卫星通信中存在有效信道远小于注册频率的情况,提出了以潜铺型认知无线电为技术依靠的卫星上行链路功率控制算法。该算法以次要用户所获吞吐量与付出代价之差为效用函数,通过次要用户作为参与者建立的博弈模型进行纳什均衡求解,得到最优功率分配策略。该策略可满足次要用户自身需求,亦不影响主要用户系统正常通信,能有效提高频带使用率。在性能方面,指出了次要用户系统容量和预留信噪比的关系。仿真结果表明,在主要用户系统容许范围内次要用户数量越多则其系统吞吐量和系统收益越大,最后讨论了算法的实现复杂度。     

信道反馈延迟的V-BLAST系统功率分配算法

针对信道反馈的延迟问题,以降低误比特率(BER)为优化目标,提出一种适用于垂直分层空时编码系统的自适应发送功率分配算法。假设接收端可以得到完全的信道状态信息,并通过反馈链路将信道信息反馈至发送端。在接收端采用迫零检测算法,给出系统瞬时信噪比(SNR)与估计SNR的表达式推导过程,根据系统瞬时SNR的条件概率密度函数求出系统总BER的表达式;发送端在总功率约束条件下,采用拉格朗日极值法计算出自适应功率分配矩阵的闭式解。仿真结果表明,当归一化反馈迟延因子等于0.000 1、误比特率为10~(-3)时,该算法的系统性能比等功率分配算法提高约5 dB。     

基于无线能量采集的多跳网络安全传输中的路径选择

针对具有无线能量采集技术的多跳传输网络,提出了全双工中继网络在有多个窃听者和多个功率节点场景下进行多跳多路径传输时的路径选择问题。首先,所提系统模型在有多个窃听者和功率节点的场景下进行信息传输,将源发射端和接收端之间的最佳路径作为数据传输路径。然后,为了增强系统性能,中继节点对功率节点发出的射频信号进行能量采集并利用所获能量来进行下一跳的数据传输。最后,推导出了所提路径选择方法在瑞利衰落信道下端到端中断概率的精确表达式,蒙特卡洛仿真和理论分析曲线拟合较好,说明了理论推导的正确性,以及所提方法具有性能上的优越性。