基于自适应核边际费希尔分析的人脸识别算法

为解决人脸识别中的维数灾难问题,提出一种基于自适应核边际费希尔分析的人脸识别算法。在考虑图像流形结构的基础上给出与图像数据相关的自适应核函数,采用核边际费希尔分析对高维人脸图像进行非线性降维,利用最小二乘支持向量机在降维后的低维特征空间中进行分类识别。实验结果表明,该算法的识别性能优于其他常用的人脸识别算法。     

基于一种连续自编码网络的图像降维和重构

针对高维连续数据的降维问题,提出一种新的非线性降维方法,称为连续自编码(Continuous autoencoder,C-autoencoder)神经网络,该方法采用限制玻耳兹曼机的连续形式(Continuous restricted Boltzmann machine,CRBM)的网络结构,通过训练具有多个中间层的双向深层神经网络将高维连续数据转换成低维嵌套并继而重构高维连续数据.这种连续自编码网络提供了高维连续数据空间和低维嵌套结构的双向映射,有效解决了大多数非线性降维方法所不具备的逆向映射问题,特别适用于高维连续数据的降维和重构.将C-autoencoder用于连续帧图像的实验表明,C-autoencoder不仅能发现嵌入在高维连续帧图像中的非线性低维结构,也能有效地从低维结构中恢复原始高维图像数据,而且还能对连续帧图像有效地进行内插重构.     

基于深度特征与非线性降维的图像数据集可视化方法

为了降低传统高维图像数据降维可视化带来的损失,提高数据可视化的效果,提出了一种基于深度特征与非线性降维相结合的图像数据集可视化方法。该方法首先设计并训练了一个卷积神经网络模型,模型在MNIST手写体图像数据集上,取得了单模型最高的识别精度。其次,利用该高精度模型抽取图像数据的深度中间层特征,将该深度特征作为图像数据的有效表示。最后针对深度特征使用非线性降维方法将数据最终降低为二维,实现数据可视化。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效降低传统图像降维可视化方法中降维损失所带来的误差,可视化效果十分明显。     

基于Wasserstein距离概率分布模型的非线性降维

降维是大数据分析和可视化领域中的核心问题,其中基于概率分布模型的降维算法通过最优化高维数据模型和低维数据模型之间的代价函数来实现降维。这种策略的核心在于构建最能体现数据特征的概率分布模型。基于此,将Wasserstein距离引入降维,提出一个基于Wasserstein距离概率分布模型的非线性降维算法W-map。W-map模型在高维数据空间和其相关对应的低维数据空间建立相似的Wasserstein流,将降维转化为最小运输问题。在解决Wasserstein距离最小化的问题同时,依据数据的Wasserstein流模型在高维空间与其在低维空间相同的原则,寻找最匹配的低维数据投射。三组针对不同数据集的实验结果表明W-map相对传统概率分布模型可以产生正确性高且鲁棒性好的高维数据降维可视化结果。     

基于高斯过程隐变量模型的图像数据降维算法

针对传统谱算法在数据降维计算复杂度高的缺点,提出一种基于高斯过程隐变量模型的图像数据降维算法。首先,通过高斯过程(Gaussian Process,GP)建立图像数据的概率模型,得到图像数据的隐变量模型;其次,利用概率最大化原则得到最优超参数,通过最优超参数求取最优数据降维结果;最后,实现图像数据降维。选取Yale,ORL两类数据集与传统算法进行人脸识别对比实验,实验结果表明:所提出的算法针对图像数据降维问题有较好的效果,结合支持向量机算法,可有效地对人脸图像进行识别,且有较高的识别率,从而体现出算法对高维数据降维的准确性。     

基于改进的胶囊网络模型的高光谱图像分类方法

针对卷积神经网络无法有效提取高光谱图像光谱与空间特征以及识别特征之间的空间位置问题,提出一种基于胶囊网络的改进神经网络模型.采用1×1卷积核对高光谱图像块进行降维处理;利用双通道卷积神经网络提取降维图像的初级特征,进而在PrimaryCaps层将初级特征信息封装为胶囊向量;通过DigitCaps层计算胶囊向量的模长来判...     

基于Curvelet及LPP的人脸识别算法

基于人脸图像的曲线奇异性及高维图像数据带来的计算复杂性．提出一种结合Curvelet变换与LPP的人脸识别方法。首先通过Curvelet变换对人脸图像降维,利用LPP将图像投影到最优子空间中,利用支持向量机进行分类识别,实验结果表明该算法的识别效果优于小波变换结合LPP方法、LPP方法。     

Isomap与径向基神经网络在人脸识别系统中的应用

基于非线性降维算法的容特征映射与径向基神经网络的快速性,提出了基于Isom ap与径向基(RBF)神经网络的图像识别方法,降维方法用测地距离取代传统的欧式距离,有助于挖掘高维数据的内在结构,径向基神经网络能够快速模拟对象数据集,识别真假图像。同时该方法结合了频谱分析对初始图像进行预处理,减少了计算量。实验结果表明该方法能快速识别真假图像,提高识别率。     

新的连续自编码网络流形学习研究

发现高维观测数据空间的低维流形结构,是流形学习的主要目标。在前人利用神经网络进行非线性降维的基础上,提出一种新的连续自编码（Continuous Autoencoder,C-Autoencoder）网络,该方法特别采用CRBM（Continuous Restricted Boltzmann Machine）的网络结构,通过训练具有多个中间层的双向深层神经网络可将高维连续数据转换成低维嵌套并继而重构高维连续数据。特别地,这种连续自编码网络可以提供高维连续数据空间和低维嵌套结构的双向映射,不仅有效解决了大多数非线性降维方法所不具备的逆向映射问题,而且特别适用于高维连续数据的降维和重构。将C-Autoencoder用于人工连续数据的实验表明,C-Autoencoder不仅能发现嵌入在高维连续数据中的非线性流形结构,也能有效地从低维嵌套中恢复原始高维连续数据。     

基于二维局部鉴别高斯的特征提取方法

特征提取是人脸识别的关键。特征提取方法一般需要预先把二维图像转化成一维图像向量。然而高维的图像向量会导致不能快速、精确地计算所需的协方差矩阵及其特征向量。针对该问题,提出了一种基于二维局部鉴别高斯的特征提取方法(2D-LDG)。该方法继承一维局部鉴别高斯降维方法的优点,其目标函数是留一交叉验证误差的光滑逼近,并且只考虑训练样本的局部分布,对训练样本的全局分布不做任何假设。同时,2D-LDG直接对二维图像做特征提取,不需要事先把图像转化为维数巨大的图像向量,能快速、精确地计算协方差矩阵及其特征向量。在ORL、YaleB人脸数据库上的实验结果表明,2D-LDG特征提取方法有良好的识别效果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。