废纸浆增强玉米淀粉基复合材料的制备及其力学性能研究

以甘油和尿素作为混合塑化剂、废纸浆为增强体,玉米淀粉、聚乙烯醇为基体,利用熔融共混法制备了废纸浆增强玉米淀粉复合材料。研究了混合增塑剂、废纸浆、水含量、氢氧化钠浓度对复合材料力学性能的影响。力学性能测试结果表明,甘油和尿素混合塑化剂对复合材料有反增塑作用,当甘油/尿素含量分别为10/20份时,拉伸强度最佳为10.26MPa;氢氧化钠浓度为4%时,复合材料综合力学性能最好;废纸浆对复合材料有增强作用,当含量为35份时,拉伸强度最佳为11.35MPa;随着含水率的增加,材料的拉伸强度降低,断裂伸长率先增加后降低;扫描电镜观察发现,甘油和尿素混合塑化剂能够增塑淀粉,很好的改善废纸浆和玉米淀粉之间的相容性。     

废印刷电路板粉填充改性丁苯橡胶复合材料的性能研究

以废印刷电路板(PCB)非金属粉对丁苯橡胶(SBR)进行填充改性,采用机械共混法制备了SBR/废PCB粉复合材料,考察了SBR接枝马来酸酐(SBR-g-MAH)、硅烷偶联剂KH-792的引入对SBR/废PCB粉复合材料力学性能及硫化特性的影响。结果表明:SBR-g-MAH和KH-792均能有效提升SBR/废PCB粉复合体系的界面强度,SBR/SBR-g-MAH最佳配比为60/40(质量比,下同),硅烷偶联剂KH-792的最佳用量为3%(质量分数),SBR-gMAH对复合材料的改性效果优于KH-792。当SBR/SBR-g-MAH并用比为60/40,废PCB粉填充量为20份时,复合材料的综合力学性能最佳。改性后的SBR/废PCB粉复合材料的最小扭矩(F_(min))、最大扭矩(F_(max))和正硫化时间(t_(90))均高于纯SBR,而焦烧时间(t_(10))低于纯SBR。     

废胶粉的表面处理及在天然橡胶中的应用

采用硅烷偶联剂KH550对废胶粉进行表面处理,并将处理后的废胶粉与天然橡胶复合制备WRP/NR复合材料。借助L16(45)正交试验及单因素试验,探讨了废胶粉目数、废胶粉用量、硅烷偶联剂KH550用量对复合材料力学性能的影响;对处理后的废胶粉表面和橡胶拉伸试样断裂面进行了扫描电镜(SEM)观察;并通过热重分析研究了天然橡胶和复合材料的热降解性能。结果表明:当废胶粉目数为80目,废胶粉用量为10%,硅烷偶联剂KH550用量为1.5%时,复合材料的力学性能最优,拉伸强度为27.89MPa。SEM结果表明废胶粉表面粗糙度增大,比表面积增大,与NR基体的相容性得到了提高。而热重分析表明改性废胶粉的加入对天然橡胶的热稳定性能影响不大。     

废印刷电路板非金属粉增强及磨碎玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯力学性能

分别用废印刷电路板(PCB)非金属粉、磨碎玻璃纤维作为增强材料,采用熔融共混方法制备了聚丙烯(PP)基复合材料,并通过其力学性能试验和缺口冲击断面、废PCB非金属粉、磨碎玻璃纤维的形貌观察,分析研究了两种增强材料及表面改性对复合材料力学性能的影响。实验结果表明：废PCB非金属粉/PP复合材料力学性能得到了明显提高,其中拉伸强度、拉伸模量、弯曲强度和弯曲模量最大增幅分别为28%、41%、86%和133%;废PCB非金属粉与磨碎玻璃纤维都能作为PP增强填料,但其韧性降低;表面改性对废PCB非金属粉/PP复合材料力学性能的影响不大,但是对磨碎玻璃纤维/PP复合材料力学性能的影响大;废 PCB非金属粉/PP复合材料综合力学性能高于磨碎玻璃纤维/PP复合材料,可代替磨碎玻璃纤维作为PP基复合材料的增强填料,不仅可以减少环境污染,实现资源再利用,而且大大降低复合材料成本。     

废PCB粉增强改性聚乙烯基木塑复合材料

通过裂解色谱-质谱、X射线荧光分析分析了废印刷电路板非金属粉末(简称废PCB粉)的基本性质,并研究了废PCB粉对废聚乙烯基木塑复合材料的增强改性效果。结果表明,废PCB粉中含有约33.99%的溴化环氧树脂、约61.26%的短玻璃纤维以及约1.29%的铜。适量的废PCB粉对聚乙烯基木塑复合材料的改性效果十分突出,当用20%的PCB粉取代木粉时,可明显改善木塑复合材料的热稳定性、加工性能及力学性能,在拉伸强度、弯曲性能基本保持不变的前提下,复合材料的冲击强度提高了31.5%。     

天然橡胶/废胶粉共混胶料的制备

通过L16 (45)正交试验,研究废胶粉添加量、废胶粉目数、硅烷偶联剂KH550用量对共混胶料力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:当废胶粉添加量为10％,废胶粉目数为80目,硅烷偶联剂KH550用量为1.5％时,共混胶料的力学性能最优,拉伸强度为27.89MPa.实验证明,废胶粉的改性有助于提高共混胶料的力学性能.而热重分析...     

尼龙短纤维增强天然橡胶复合材料的性能研究

采用液体橡胶对尼龙纤维进行改性,再用超声对纤维进行处理,将处理后的尼龙短纤维(NSF)和天然橡胶(NR)制成母炼胶,再制得NSF/NR硫化胶复合材料。考察了液体橡胶、超声处理对纤维的改性效果及对NSF/NR硫化胶复合材料的力学性能的影响。实验结果表明:采用端羟基聚丁二烯(CTPB)浸渍,并超声处理7h,纤维与橡胶界面得到改善,提高了相容性,力学性能进一步提高,制得的NSF/NR硫化胶复合材料与未经改性处理的硫化胶复合材料相比,拉伸强度达到24.87MPa,提高了21.67%;断裂伸长率达到1061.190%,提高了17.16%;100%定伸应力达到3.944MPa,提高了30.38%;300%定伸应力达到7.138MPa,提高了13.66%;撕裂强度达到60.830kN/m,提高了5.41%。     

聚乙烯/废天然橡胶的力学性能和相容性研究

利用开放式塑炼机和平板硫化机制备了聚乙烯/废天然橡胶的共混物。研究了聚乙烯/废天然橡胶(60/40)中硫磺加入量对共混物的拉伸强度、伸长率、熔体流速性能的影响。试验结果表明:当聚乙烯/废天然橡胶(60/40)时,硫磺加入1.0份时其综合性能最佳,共混物的拉伸强度达到9.3MPa,断裂伸长率为344%,熔体流动速率为0.25g/10min。     

微波辐照对废地膜混杂增强复合材料结构和性能的影响

采用自行改造的微波反应器对马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(PE-g-MA)增容废地膜混杂增强复合材料进行了微波辐照处理,研究了微波辐照对废地膜混杂增强复合材料结构和性能的影响。结果表明,微波辐照处理后,共混材料的界面相容性得到改善、结晶度提高、力学性能提高。当微波功率为200W,辐照时间为240s时,共混体系的拉伸强度和冲击强度分别提高了13.16%和23.93%,结晶度提高了2.19%;衰减全反射(ATR)和差示扫描量热(DSC)分析表明,微波辐照可以改善废地膜混杂复合材料的界面相容性、提高其力学性能,主要是物理浸润和结晶度提高共同作用的结果。     

废印刷电路板非金属粉填充聚丙烯的实验

采用熔融共混方法制备了废印刷电路板非金属粉/聚丙烯复合材料,并通过非金属粉润湿性能和缺口冲击断面形貌观察,分析研究了非金属粉添加对聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,非金属粉可以同时改善非金属粉/聚丙烯复合材料的拉伸、弯曲、低温冲击性能,但室温冲击性能降低;其中拉伸强度、拉伸模量、弯曲强度、弯曲模量、低温冲击强度最大增幅分别为16.3%、41.5%、63.5%、100%、45.7%;废印刷电路板非金属粉可作为聚丙烯的增强增韧填料。     

高强高模聚酰亚胺纤维/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能与破坏机制

以高强高模聚酰亚胺（PI）纤维为增强体,以航空级环氧树脂（EP）为基体,通过热熔法制备预浸料并采用热压罐成型技术制备了PI/EP复合材料层合板,对其力学性能和破坏形貌进行了分析。结果表明:高强高模PI纤维与EP具有良好的界面结合力,PI/EP复合材料的层间剪切强度为65.2 MPa,面内剪切强度为68.6 MPa;良好的界面结合状态能充分发挥PI纤维优异的力学性能,PI/EP复合材料的纵向拉伸强度达1 835 MPa,弯曲强度为834 MPa;PI/EP复合材料纵向拉伸破坏模式为散丝爆炸破坏,同时由于高强高模PI纤维还具有优异的韧性和较高的断裂伸长率,PI/EP复合材料从受力到失效断裂的时间较长;PI/EP复合材料纵向压缩破坏模式为45°折曲带破坏。高强高模PI/EP复合材料为航空航天先进复合材料增加了一个全新的选材方案。      

高刚度环氧树脂与高模碳纤维的界面相容和性能匹配

自行开发了一种高刚度环氧树脂（5182树脂）,研究了5182树脂的增刚机制、耐热性能和力学性能。结果表明,原位生成的酰亚胺刚性链段及增加的多交联位点提高了5182树脂交联网络的刚性,其玻璃化转变温度达228℃,拉伸模量达到4 375 MPa。采用高刚度5182树脂制备了国产BHM3和东丽M40J高模碳纤维增强高刚度环氧树脂复合材料,考察了高模碳纤维/高刚度环氧树脂单丝复合材料的界面黏结性能和断面微观形貌,并评价了高模碳纤维/高刚度环氧树脂单向复合材料的宏观力学性能。结果表明,由于树脂模量的提高及界面破坏区域由碳纤维表面转移到环氧树脂区,高模碳纤维/高刚度环氧树脂复合材料的界面剪切强度最高达106.8 MPa,宏观力学性能优异,尤其弯曲性能和层间剪切强度大幅提高。      

原位聚合法制备连续玻璃纤维增强PCBT复合材料及其性能

采用环状对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(CBT)原位聚合制备了连续玻璃纤维(GF)增强聚环状对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PCBT)复合材料。考察了聚合反应中催化剂用量对PCBT结晶度以及GF/PCBT复合材料力学性能的影响。当催化剂用量为0.5%(质量分数)时, PCBT的结晶度为53%, GF/PCBT的力学性能达到最佳, 拉伸强度为522 MPa, 拉伸模量为27 GPa, 弯曲强度为481 MPa, 弯曲模量为24.8 GPa, 层间剪切强度(ILSS)为43 MPa。SEM观察表明, 发现催化剂用量为0.5%时, 树脂与纤维的结合性较好。进一步研究了淬火和退火后处理对复合材料力学性能的影响。发现复合材料退火处理后具有较好的力学性能, 其中拉伸强度为545 MPa, 弯曲强度为495 MPa。     

高强高模聚酰亚胺纤维/改性氰酸酯树脂复合材料制备及性能

以4,5-环氧己烷-1,2-二甲酸二缩水甘油酯（TDE-85）、苯基缩水甘油醚（PGE）、壬基酚（NP）作为改性剂改性双酚A氰酸酯（BCE）得到改性氰酸酯树脂（TPNCE）,通过湿法缠绕制备预浸料,并采用热压罐成型工艺制备S30M型高强高模聚酰亚胺纤维/TPNCE（PI/TPNCE）复合材料,对TPNCE树脂及PI/TPNCE复合材料的介电、力学等性能进行了分析。结果表明,TPNCE树脂冲击强度达到14.2 kJ/m2,比BCE提高近一倍,固化温度下降了约43℃,与PI纤维界面结合较好,且保持较低的介电常数和介电损耗;PI/TPNCE复合材料0°拉伸强度达到1 485 MPa,弯曲强度达到758 MPa,压缩强度达到322 MPa,7~18 GHz范围内介电常数保持在3.15左右,介电损耗因子在0.005~0.0075之间,玻璃化转变温度为197℃,密度为1.28 g/cm3。本研究实现了高强高模PI纤维与氰酸酯树脂复合的重要突破,为轻质高强结构-功能一体化复合材料的设计和选材提供了新思路。      

Improvement of impact property of natural fiber–polypropylene composite by using natural rubber and EPDM rubber

In this research, vetiver grass was used as a filler in polypropylene (PP) composite. Chemical treatment was done to modify fiber surface. Natural rubber (NR) and Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubber at various contents were used as an impact modifier for the composites. The composites were prepared by using an injection molding. Rheological, morphological and mechanical properties of PP and PP composites with and without NR or EPDM were studied. Adding NR or EPDM to PP composites, a significant increase in the impact strength and elongation at break is observed in the PP composite with rubber content more than 20% by weight. However, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the PP composites decrease with increasing rubber contents. Nevertheless, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the composites with rubber contents up to 10% are still higher than those of PP. Moreover, comparisons between NR and EPDM rubber on the mechanical properties of the PP composites were elucidated. The PP composites with EPDM rubber show slightly higher tensile strength and impact strength than the PP composites with NR.     

Preparation and properties of the powder SBR composites filled with CNTs by spray drying process

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) filled powder styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) composites were prepared by spray drying of the suspension of CNTs in SBR latex. The powder was spherical like and uniform with an average diameter of less than 10 μm. The dispersion of CNTs in the rubber matrix was improved remarkably compared with that in the rubber composites obtained by the conventional mechanical mixing method. Further study about the effect of CNTs on the prepared SBR composites was performed by analyzing the vulcanization process of the SBR powder, thermal and mechanical properties of the vulcanized SBR composites. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis indicated that the glass transition temperatures of SBR composites increased with the increasing ratio of CNTs. The vulcanization process showed that CNTs could decelerate the vulcanization of the SBR composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that the storage modulus of the composites was improved with the CNTs additions, especially when the CNTs addition exceeded 30 phr. Compared with pure SBR composites, the hardness, tensile and tear strengths of the composites filled with 60 phr CNTs enhanced 73.9%, 327.7% and 191.1%, respectively, which should be ascribed to the excellent mechanical properties of CNTs and uniform dispersion of CNTs in the rubber matrix.     

农林废物生物炭/高密度聚乙烯复合材料的制备与性能

利用稻壳、杨木在600℃下制备稻壳炭、杨木炭,以稻壳、稻壳炭、杨木、杨木炭为填料填充高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)制备复合材料,并对其性能进行测试分析.结果表明,跟稻壳、杨木相比,稻壳炭、杨木炭具有较高的含碳量、较大的比表面积、发达的孔隙结构及较低的极性;稻壳炭/HDPE复合材料的弯曲强度、弯曲模量、拉伸强度、拉伸模量分别为...     

Styrene butadiene rubber/aluminum powder composites—mechanical,morphological and electrical behaviors

Different weight fractions of aluminum (Al) powder viz., 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 phr were incorporated into styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) matrix. The Al powder filled and vulcanized SBR composites have been characterized for mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tensile modulus and surface hardness. A drastical improvement in tensile strength and tensile modulus with increase in filler content of the composites was noticed. The electrical properties such as dielectric constant, tan delta and dielectric loss were measured for all the four compositions. The effect of volume fraction (0–70 phr) of conducting filler, frequency (100 kHz–30 MHz), temperature (25–75°C) and relative humidity on dielectric constant, dielectric loss and tan delta values of the composites were studied.     

Study on the mechanical properties,environmental effect,degradation characteristics and ionizing radiation effect on silk reinforced polypropylene/natural rubber composites

Natural silk fiber (20%) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by compression molding. Tensile strength, tensile modulus, bending strength, bending modulus, impact strength and hardness of the prepared composite were found 54.7 MPa, 1826.2 MPa, 58.3 MPa, 3750.7 MPa, 17.6 kJ/m² and 95 shore A, respectively. To improve the biodegradable character of the composite, natural rubber (NR) was blended (10%, 25%, 50% by weight) with PP. It was found that the mechanical properties of the composite decrease with increasing NR in PP (except IS which increased rather decreasing). Environmental effect on the composite and degradation in various media were investigated in this study. Gamma radiation was used to increase the mechanical properties of the prepared composites. Increase in TS and BS were maximum at 250 krad dose for silk fiber/PP, silk fiber/PP:NR (90:10), silk fiber/PP:NR (75:25) and silk fiber/PP:NR (50:50) composites.     

环保型水切割胶粉对天然橡胶力学性能和动态性能的影响

采用环保型水切割胶粉及力化学改性胶粉（MRP）与天然橡胶（NR）复合制备胶粉-NR复合胶,并探讨了胶粉用量对复合胶力学性能和动态性能的影响。通过红外和热失重分析确定了胶粉的主要成分为NR和丁苯橡胶（SBR）,且改性后胶粉大分子链结构未发生明显变化。通过橡胶加工分析仪研究了胶粉用量及改性对复合胶加工性能的影响。采用炭黑分散仪研究并观察了胶粉在NR中的分散情况。结果表明,胶粉改性后与NR的相容性提高,二者界面结合力增大,MRP-NR复合胶加工性能改善。炭黑分散结果表明,胶粉用量越多,其分散性越差,改性后胶粉的分散性提高,MRP-NR复合胶的力学性能最优,拉伸强度为27.9 MPa。