基于离子交换与激光打印技术在含氟聚酰亚胺薄膜表面制备银-铜金属线

以4,4’-六氟亚异丙基-邻苯二甲酸酐(6FDA)和4,4’-二胺基二苯醚(4,4’-ODA)为原料制备了含氟聚酰亚胺薄膜,然后通过水解、激光打印、离子交换、化学还原等技术得到银和铜双金属的图案化聚酰亚胺薄膜。通过X-射线衍射仪、四点探针测试仪、光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜等仪器系统研究了薄膜表面金属的形成过程及水解时间与导电性的关系。实验结果表明,随着水解时间的增加,金属线条的导电性逐渐增加,电导率最大达到500s/cm。     

含有氢键的聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备和性能表征

以对硝基苯甲酸为原料,通过酰氯化、酰化、还原反应成功合成了4,4’-二氨基苯酰替苯胺(DBN),DBN分别和3,3’,4,4’-联苯四酸二酐(BPDA)、均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)通过两步法缩聚制备出聚酰亚胺薄膜,用红外(FT-IR),差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和热重分析(TGA),拉伸测试表征其结构和性能,结果表明,成功合成了含有酰胺键的聚酰亚胺薄膜,并且酰胺键的N-H分别和酰亚胺环中的C-N和C=O形成了氢键。将其与4,4’-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)聚酰亚胺薄膜相比,对应二酐(BPDA和PMDA)分别和DBN制备的聚酰亚胺薄膜表现出了优异的热性能和耐溶剂性,尤其是拉伸强度有了显著的提高。     

具有更佳尺寸稳定性的含噁唑基团的聚酰亚胺薄膜材料

采用4,4’-二氨基二苯醚(4,4’-ODA)与2-(4-氨基苯基)-5-氨基苯并噁唑(DAPBO)作为二胺单体,通过改变二者的摩尔比,与3,3’,4,4’-联苯四甲酸二酐(s-BPDA)聚合,制备得到了一系列含有噁唑基团结构的聚酰亚胺薄膜。系统地对薄膜样品进行了红外光谱、差示扫描量热分析、热失重分析、动态力学热分析、热机械分析等表征。研究发现,随着二胺中DAPBO占比的增加,聚酰亚胺薄膜的热稳定性及玻璃化转变温度升高、热膨胀系数减小;当ODA与DAPBO的摩尔比为4:6时,聚酰亚胺薄膜的热膨胀系数与铜最接近,有望应用于柔性印刷线路板领域。     

四甲基联苯二胺及有机可溶聚酰亚胺的合成与性能

以对二甲苯为原料,通过溴代、偶合、硝化和还原反应成功合成了2,2′,5,5′-四甲基联苯-4,4′-二胺(TMBPDA)。TMBPDA分别与4,4’-双酚A型二醚二酐(BPADA)和4,4′-双酚AF型二醚二酐(FBDA)通过高温一步法缩聚生成聚酰亚胺PI-A和PI-AF。结果表明,两种聚酰亚胺不仅在N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP),N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMAc)中展示出良好的有机可溶性,同时拥有优良热性能,由差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测得玻璃化转变温度(Tg)分别为251℃和255℃。此外,两种聚酰亚胺薄膜在可见光范围内具有良好的透明性,在450 nm处的透光率均超过了88%。     

含咪唑基团的聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备及性能

为了探究适用于柔性印刷线路板的高热稳定性、低热膨胀系数聚酰亚胺薄膜,将3,3’,4,4’-联苯四甲酸二酐(3,3’,4,4’-BPDA)与4,4’-二氨基二苯醚(4,4’-ODA)和2-(4-氨基苯基)-5-氨基苯并咪唑(DAPBI)单体进行聚合,通过改变2种二胺的用量制备了一系列不同二胺比例的聚酰亚胺薄膜。采用红外、紫外、热重分析、差示扫描量热、动态力学热分析、热机械分析多种测试方法对不同比例薄膜样品的热性能、热稳定性、动态力学性能和光透过性进行了研究。研究结果表明,随着刚性DAPBI组分的增加,所制备薄膜的玻璃化转变温度逐渐升高,耐热性能变好,储能模量从3.5 GPa逐渐增加到5.9 GPa;薄膜的热膨胀系数(CTE)明显减小。当二胺ODA与DAPBI的摩尔比为4:6或5:5时,共聚薄膜的CTE值最接近18×10^-6K^-1。     

化学还原法制备聚酰亚胺/银复合薄膜

聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜通过碱液水解、离子交换、还原性溶液处理后,制备出具有反射性和导电性能的聚酰亚胺/银(PI/Ag)复合薄膜。采用傅立叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR/FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-vis)和RTS-8型四探针测试仪等对PI/Ag复合薄膜的结构和性能进行表征,并对PI/Ag复合薄膜表面银层微结构与反射性和导电性能的关系进行了研究,探索了多种因素对复合薄膜性能的影响。结果表明,随着水解时间的延长,复合薄膜的载银量增大,所制得的PI/Ag复合薄膜表面银层厚度增加,反射率及导电性能更好。实验中当薄膜在经过KOH(2.5mol/L)水解1.5h处理,并在硝酸银溶液(0.4mol/L)中离子交换120min,且经NaBH4溶液还原约120min时,PI/Ag复合薄膜的反射率可以达到70.15%。表面方块电阻可达到1.6Ω/□。     

黏度可控化制备BPDA-PDA型聚酰亚胺及表征

通过二酐水解程度控制改性聚酰亚胺前驱体的方法,对3,3′,4,4′-联苯四酸二酐(BPDA)-对苯二胺(PDA)型聚酰亚胺前驱体溶液的黏度进行调控。前驱体的化学结构通过红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁氢谱(~1H-NMR)进行表征,并考察二酐水解对前驱体溶液黏度、亚胺化过程和材料性能的影响。结果表明:水解BPDA与PDA反应生成的前驱体,同时含有酰胺酸和羧酸铵盐官能团结构;羧酸铵盐的引入可降低前驱体溶液黏度,实现黏度在10～10~5cP范围内的有效调控;羧酸铵盐的存在未影响前驱体的完全亚胺化,使得材料力学性能得到保持;同时,该黏度调控方法具有降低BPDA-PDA型聚酰亚胺薄膜热膨胀系数的作用。     

3,3',5,5'-四甲基-4,4'-二氨基二苯甲烷及其聚酰亚胺的制备及其性能研究

以2,6-二甲基苯胺为原料,通过一步反应制备了3,3′,5,5′-四甲基-4,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷(TMDDM),并对其结构进行表征。将TMDDM、4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)与4,4′-氧双邻苯二甲酸酐(ODPA)以不同的配比进行三元共聚,通过热亚胺化合成了6种TMDDM/ODA/ODPA-聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜,随后对6种薄膜进行了结构表征和性能研究。结果表明:6种PI薄膜具有优良的热性能、疏水性、紫外-可见光透过率、机械性能和溶解性。     

离子型光敏聚酰亚胺的合成与表征

采用3,3’,4,4’-联苯四羧酸二酐(BPDA)与4,4’-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)聚合形成聚酰胺酸,通过氨基引入具有光敏功能的小分子化合物,制备出离子型光敏聚酰亚胺前驱体。并对该离子型光敏聚酰亚胺的结构与性能进行了表征,表现出良好光敏性、热稳定性和电性能,在微电子领域具有良好应用前景。     

2,5-双(4-氨基-2-三氟甲基苯氧基)叔丁基苯及其聚酰亚胺的制备和性能研究

通过两步反应制备得到2,5-双(4-氨基-2-三氟甲基苯氧基)叔丁基苯,将其分别与均苯四甲酸二酐(PM-DA)、3,3’,4,4’-四羧酸二苯醚二酐(ODPA)、3,3’,4,4’-二苯酮四酸二酐(BTDA)、3,3’,4,4’-联苯四酸二酐(BPDA)、双酚A二酐(BPADA)通过缩聚和热亚胺化制备得到5种性能优异的聚酰亚胺薄膜。结果表明薄膜的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)高于210℃,起始分解温度高于510℃;吸水率低于0.9%;介电常数介于2.90～3.15之间;杨氏模量在1.48～2.27GPa之间。     

1,2丙二醇液相还原法制备纳米镍粉的研究

采用有机醇液相还原工艺,用1,2丙二醇作还原剂,制备了晶粒尺寸小于50nm,具有面心立方晶体结构的纳米镍粉,运用XRD,TEM和SAED微观分析手段,研究了还原体系,中间相和NaOH浓度等因素对制备纳米粉的影响,结果表明：与乙醇相比,采用丙二醇作还原剂可获得粒径更小的纳米粉,且可明显缩短反应时间,对醇－水体系和醇溶液两种反应条件下的还原反应的分析表明,反应历程不同,纳米镍粉的纯度和粒度也不同。     

新型溶胶-凝胶法制备CoPd合金纳米颗粒及其磁性能表征

通过对一种新颖的溶胶-凝胶技术进行改进,在不借助氢气还原的条件下,成功制备了面心立方相CoPd合金纳米颗粒,并使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)对CoPd合金纳米颗粒进行了表征。分析结果显示:CoPd合金纳米颗粒的晶粒尺寸介于4~12nm之间,平均约为9nm;其在室温下展示出超顺磁性,阻塞温度为250K。这项新颖的溶胶-凝胶技术在合成纳米合金颗粒方面具有应用潜力。     

Virus-mediated FCC iron nanoparticle induced synthesis of uranium dioxide nanocrystals

A reducing system involving M13 virus-mediated FCC Fe nanoparticles was employed to achieve uranium reduction and synthesize uranium dioxide nanocrystals. Here we show that metastable face-centered cubic (FCC) Fe nanoparticles were fabricated around the surface of the M13 virus during the specific adsorption of the virus towards Fe ions under a reduced environment. The FCC phase of these Fe nanoparticles was confirmed by careful TEM characterization. Moreover, this virus-mediated FCC Fe nanoparticle system successfully reduced contaminable U(VI) into UO(2) crystals with diameters of 2-5?nm by a green and convenient route.     

Synthesis and characterization of NiO nanoparticles by sol–gel method

Nickel oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized in the presence of agarose polysaccharide by sol–gel method. The structure, morphology, optical and magnetic properties of the product was examined by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, UV–visible spectrophotometer and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer. The result of thermogravimetric analysis of the precursor product showed that the proper calcination temperature was 400 °C. X-ray diffraction result revealed that the obtained product was nickel oxide with face-centered cubic structure. TEM image demonstrated that the nickel oxide nanoparticles have spherical shape with size around 3 nm. Analysis of FTIR spectra confirmed the composition of product. The optical absorption band gap of the NiO nanoparticles was estimated to be 3.51 eV. Magnetic measurement showed that the nickel oxide nanoparticles exhibit superparamagnetic behavior at 300 K. Moreover, the nanoparticles show ferromagnetic interactions at 4.2 K owing to the existence of uncompensated moments on the surface of the nanoparticles.     

Pt nanoparticle-reduced graphene oxide nanohybrid for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

A platinum nanoparticle-reduced graphene oxide (Pt-RGO) nanohybrid for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) application was successfully prepared. The Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs) were deposited onto chemically converted graphene nanosheets via ethylene glycol (EG) reduction. According to the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, the face-centered cubic Pt NPs (3-5 nm in diameter) were homogeneously dispersed on the RGO nanosheets. The electrochemically active surface area and PEMFC power density of the Pt-RGO nanohybrid were determined to be 33.26 m2/g and 480 mW/cm2 (maximum values), respectively, at 75 degrees C and at a relative humidity (RH) of 100% in a single-cell test experiment.     

Fabrication of metal nanoparticles using hydroxylated ionic liquids

Metal nanoparticles were successfully synthesized from the self-regulated reduction of hydroxylated ionic liquids in aqueous phase without additives. A new water-phase synthesis of gold and palladium nanoparticles using N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methylmorpholinium tetrafluoroborate is described. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to characterize the metal nanoparticles. The average sizes of the gold and palladium nanoparticles were 4.3 nm and 3.2 nm, respectively. Hydroxylated ionic liquids served as both reductants and protective agents, significantly simplifying the preparation of nanoparticles. The produced particles were highly crystalline in structure with a face-centered cubic (fcc) lattice. Finally, we showed preliminary results that suggest different hydroxylated ionic liquids can also be used to prepare various metal nanoparticles.     

Synthesis and magnetic properties of nickel nanocrystals

Size-controlled synthesis of nickel nanocrystals by the decomposition of nickel acetylacetone in a noncoordinating reagent, oleylamine, was studied. Three processes were employed to synthesize nanocrystals with diameters in the range of 20–60 nm. The resultant nanoparticles were characterized to be single-phase nanocrystalline nickel with a face-centered cubic type. Mechanism of the size-controlled nanocrystals formation was studied and found that relative monodispersed nanocrystals could be formed by the separation of nucleation and growth process while the size could be controlled through modulating growth period. Magnetic measurements showed that samples were still ferromagnetic, and that their saturation magnetization and coercivity are size-dependent.     

Size-controlled synthesis, microstructure and magnetic properties of Ni nanoparticles

Ni nanoparticles with different mean diameters of 15-83 nm were synthesized by solution reduction process. The size of Ni nanoparticles can be controlled by varying the concentration of NiCl₂·6H₂O and synthesis temperature. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results show that the synthesized particles are single-phased Ni with a face-centered cubic crystal structure. Magnetic measurements indicate that Ni nanoparticles are ferromagnetic. The lattice constants and coercivities of the samples are size-dependent.     

An easy route to prepare carbon black-silver hybrid catalysts for electro-catalytic oxidation of hydrazine

Carbon black-silver hybrid catalysts were easily synthesized by a mixing method of acid-oxidized carbon black and the colloidal dispersion of silver nanoparticles. The silver colloidal dispersion was pre-synthesized by a chemical reduction of silver nitrate by dimethyl sulfoxide in the presence of trisodium citrate dihydrate as capping agents. In the mixing method, approx. 6.0 nm diameters of silver nanoparticles with face-centered cubic crystal structures are highly dispersed on the acid-oxidized carbon blacks due to the surface reactivity resulting from the enhancement of oxygen-containing functional groups. The hybrid catalysts were examined for electro-catalytic activity towards oxidation of hydrazine. The results clearly show that the carbon black-silver hybrid catalysts are highly active for electro-catalytic oxidation of hydrazine.     

Synthesis and magnetic properties of shuriken-like nickel nanoparticles

Shuriken-like nickel nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a thermal decomposition method at 200 °C with Nickel(II) acetylacetonate (Ni(acac)₂) as the precursor and oleylamine (OAm) as the solvent and reductant, respectively. The phase structures, morphologies and sizes, and magnetic properties of the as-synthesized nickel products were characterized in detail by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Some key reaction parameters, such as the reaction time, reaction temperature and surfactants, have important influence on the morphology of the final products. XRD pattern indicated that the products are well-crystallized face-centered cubic (fcc) nickel phase. SEM images demonstrated that the nickel nanoparticles are shuriken-like morphology with average size around 150 nm. The mechanism of shuriken-like Ni nanoparticles (NPs) is proposed. The magnetic hysteresis loops of shuriken-like and spherical nickel products illustrated the ferromagnetic nature at 300 K, indicating its potential applications in magnetic storage.