废纸纤维素纳米晶对炭黑补强天然橡胶的硫化特性及加工性能的影响

采用碱解及酸解从废纸中提取纤维素纳米晶,并制备天然橡胶/废纸纤维素纳米晶/炭黑复合材料,研究了废纸纤维素纳米晶(PNC)部分取代炭黑后对天然橡胶硫化特性及加工性能的影响。结果表明,提取的PNC为棒状,直径为20~60 nm,长度为200~600 nm;力学性能表明当PNC替代炭黑量为10~15 phr时,力学性能能够保持甚至略高于45 phr炭黑补强时的性能,从而可以达到减少炭黑用量和改善橡胶制品难以降解的目的。胶料的硫化速率随温度的升高而增大,相同温度下,随着PNC量的增加,硫化速率略微减小,同时PNC的加入使体系的反应活化能略微增加,即PNC的加入对硫化反应略有抑制作用但影响不大;PNC部分替代炭黑后,Payne效应减弱,填料的网络化程度降低,胶料的加工性能得到改善。     

环氧化天然橡胶在制备天然橡胶/炭黑/碳纳米管复合材料中的应用

以环氧化天然橡胶(ENR)作为界面改性剂,用于制备天然橡胶/炭黑/碳纳米管(NR-ENR/CB/CNTs)复合材料,研究了ENR用量对NR-ENR/CB/CNTs复合材料的力学性能、动态力学性能,以及填料在复合材料中的分散性等的影响。实验结果表明,加入ENR明显改善了填料CNTs和CB在天然橡胶基体中分散性,提升了界面相容性,促进了填料与天然橡胶分子的结合,有效地提高了NR-ENR/CB/CNTs复合材料的物理力学性能、抗老化性能和耐屈挠龟裂性能,同时提高了硫化加工安全性能和硫化速率。当ENR用量达到6 phr后,NR-ENR/CB/CNTs复合材料的拉伸强度、撕裂强度和拉断伸长率有明显提高。随着ENR用量的增加,NR-ENR/CB/CNTs复合材料的Payne效应降低,加工性能提升,动态力学性能提高。     

木质纤维素/蒙脱土橡胶补强剂的制备及应用

以木质纤维素和蒙脱土为原料,制备新型橡胶补强剂,用此部分替代炭黑,制备了天然橡胶复合材料。研究了木质纤维素/蒙脱土质量比、用量等因素对天然橡胶复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,当木质纤维素/蒙脱土质量比为1∶4,用量为8份时,天然橡胶复合材料的综合力学性能最优,拉伸强度为20.88MPa,断裂伸长率为653%,邵氏A硬度为72.3;同时改善了天然橡胶复合材料的热氧老化性能。     

聚氨酯树脂部分

20062034 由聚氨酯弹性体（PUE）及有机改性层状硅酸盐组成的高性能纳米复合材料该纳米复合材料基于聚（丙二醇）、4，4′-亚甲基二（环己基异氰酸酯）、1，4′-丁二醇及有机粘土。这些新型PUE纳米复合材料的拉伸强度及断裂应变增长超过150％，但硬度保持不变。疲劳性能有了显著提高（加入3％有机粘土时，疲劳性能提高最大）。文中对于异氰酸酯指数对PUE纳米复合材料力学性能的影响进行了研究，当该指数为1．10时，断裂应力及伸长提高最大。（CA140：43402）     

超声分散制备天然橡胶/丁苯橡胶/炭黑/碳纳米管纳米复合材料

通过超声分散制备了分散均匀的碳纳米管(CNTs)/天然橡胶母料,利用母料制备了天然橡胶(NR)/丁苯橡胶(SBR)/炭黑(CB)/碳纳米管复合材料。通过比较常规搅拌、双辊混炼和超声分散三种方法对碳纳米管的分散及对复合材料性能的影响,表明超声分散能实现碳纳米管在基体中均匀分散,CNTs和CB的协同作用提高了复合材料的力学性能,当CB/CNTs之比为37/3时力学性能最高,与未加CNTs增强的体系相比,拉伸强度提高了6.4%。当CNTs含量为7phr,与未加CNTs的体系相比,压缩模量提高了20%。     

环氧化天然橡胶改性石墨烯-炭黑/天然橡胶复合材料的制备及性能

以环氧化天然橡胶(ENR)为界面改性剂,制备了石墨烯-炭黑/天然橡胶-ENR(GR-CB/NR-ENR)复合材料,研究了ENR用量对GR-CB/NR-ENR复合材料的加工性能、力学性能和动态力学性能的影响。结果表明,ENR的加入可以改善GR-CB/NR-ENR复合材料的加工性能及CB粒子在天然橡胶基体中的分散性,增加GR与NR的相容性,增强填料与NR基体间的界面相容性,同时改善GR-CB/NR-ENR硫化胶的动态力学性能、物理性能和耐老化性能。当ENR添加量为6 wt%时,GR-CB/NR-ENR复合材料撕裂强度和拉伸强度最高,硫化胶耐老化性最好。随着ENR含量的增加,GR-CB/NR-ENR复合材料的压缩疲劳温度先升高后降低;随着应变的不断增大,GR-CB/NR-ENR复合材料的储能模量G'不断减小,损耗因子tanδ先增大后减小;动态模量随着应变的增加急剧下降。      

纳米炭黑对复合橡胶的物理性能影响

天然橡胶本身具有较为优异的综合性能，通过加入纳米炭黑改性后得到的复合橡胶综合性能更为优异。通过改变纳米炭黑的含量，测定其物理力学性能。物理机械性能测试表明，粘土含量达10％时，复合材料的拉断强度、撕裂强度，300％定伸应力等力学性能大幅度提高。     

纳米有机蛭石/天然橡胶复合材料的制备及性能

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为插层剂, 用球磨法对蛭石进行了快速有机插层, 用过熔融共混法制备出纳米有机蛭石/ 天然橡胶复合材料。用XRD、SEM、TEM 对其微观结构进行了表征与分析, 证明蛭石以纳米片层分散在天然橡胶基体中。力学性能测试表明: 复合材料拉伸强度、扯断伸长率、300 %定伸强度、邵氏A 硬度、撕裂强度得到明显的改善。DMA、DSC 测试表明: 复合材料的模量具有明显的提高, 而玻璃化转变温度无明显变化。可见有机插层蛭石对天然橡胶的综合性能具有较明显的改善作用。      

天然橡胶/固相改性蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与表征

在固相对蒙脱土进行有机改性,并与天然橡胶机械混炼插层制备了纳米复合材料。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、橡胶加工分析仪(RPA)和透射电镜(TEM)等研究了天然橡胶/固相改性蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构,同时考察了材料的力学性能和耐老化性能。结果表明:固相改性蒙脱土在天然橡胶中可以实现纳米级分散,得到天然橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。固相改性蒙脱土对天然橡胶不但具有明显的补强效果,大幅度提高材料的力学性能和耐热氧老化性能,而且还具有很好的促进硫化作用。     

咪唑基离子液体修饰蒙脱土/聚丙烯复合材料的耐热老化性能

研究了1-十八烷基-3-甲基氯化咪唑修饰的蒙脱土/聚丙烯复合材料耐热老化性能。结果表明,热老化前改性蒙脱土/聚丙烯复合材料的拉伸性能、弯曲性能与聚丙烯相比均有所改善,分别提高了7.3%和17.5%,冲击性能提高达54%。经以5d为一老化周期的热老化,研究了4个老化周期中改性蒙脱土/聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能保持率,质量变化率,以及颜色变化的情况。研究发现,在热老化过程中,复合材料的力学性能有很高的保持率,部分性能甚至得到改善,复合材料的质量变化很小,颜色无明显加深,说明该离子液体修饰的蒙脱土/聚丙烯纳米复合材料不仅有很好的力学性能,而且耐热老化性能优越。     

The effects of atmospheric aging on a hybrid polymer matrix composite

The effect of thermal exposure in an atmospheric environment for up to 1 year on the flexural performance, under both static and fatigue loading, of a glass fiber/carbon fiber hybrid polymer matrix composite material was evaluated. It was found that exposure to a temperature near, but below, the glass transition temperature resulted in diminished flexure strength as well as reduced fatigue performance. The magnitude of property reduction was, in general, proportional to the amount of aging time, and was found to be dictated by the dominant aging mechanism. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the modest reduction in mechanical properties at intermediate aging times was predominantly attributed to thermal oxidation, while for longer aging times thermal aging (dimensional relaxation) was the primary cause for the substantial reduction. Dimensional relaxation of the composite was measured at several isothermal aging temperatures, from which, the activation energy of the aging process was determined. This work provides insight into the evolution of mechanical properties as a function of aging time in an atmospheric environment for a hybrid polymer matrix composite.     

废胶粉的表面处理及在天然橡胶中的应用

采用硅烷偶联剂KH550对废胶粉进行表面处理,并将处理后的废胶粉与天然橡胶复合制备WRP/NR复合材料。借助L16(45)正交试验及单因素试验,探讨了废胶粉目数、废胶粉用量、硅烷偶联剂KH550用量对复合材料力学性能的影响;对处理后的废胶粉表面和橡胶拉伸试样断裂面进行了扫描电镜(SEM)观察;并通过热重分析研究了天然橡胶和复合材料的热降解性能。结果表明:当废胶粉目数为80目,废胶粉用量为10%,硅烷偶联剂KH550用量为1.5%时,复合材料的力学性能最优,拉伸强度为27.89MPa。SEM结果表明废胶粉表面粗糙度增大,比表面积增大,与NR基体的相容性得到了提高。而热重分析表明改性废胶粉的加入对天然橡胶的热稳定性能影响不大。     

天然橡胶-氢化丁腈橡胶的共硫化及性能研究

天然橡胶(NR)和氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)因不饱和度和极性的差异,存在硫化速度不匹配、填料分散等问题,难以实现两胶的并用。本文通过先制备不同硫黄/促进剂比例的NR和HNBR母炼胶,再将母炼胶并用制备NR/HNBR复合材料,解决了NR和HNBR共硫化的问题。研究了NR/HNBR的相态结构和填料在NR和HNBR两相的分散状态,结合相态结构和填料分散分析了NR/HNBR并用比对复合材料硫化特性、动静态力学性能、耐磨性和压缩温升的影响。结果表明:并用HNBR的复合材料混炼胶的门尼黏度增大,焦烧时间和正硫化时间缩短;随着HNBR含量增加,HNBR相的尺寸增大,硫化胶的硬度及100%和300%定伸应力增加,拉伸强度、撕裂强度、断裂伸长率和拉断永久变形减小,耐磨性和抗湿滑性提高,压缩疲劳温升增大。     

沥青基短切碳纤维表面改性及与纳米填料并用对天然橡胶力学性能的影响

对硝酸(HNO3)改性沥青基短切碳纤维(PCF)及与炭黑(CB)、白炭黑(Silica)协同填充天然橡胶(NR)进行了研究,考察表面改性及并用对PCF表面形貌、石墨化程度和NR力学性能的影响,分析填料与基体的界面相互作用机制。结果表明,HNO3改性后,PCF的表面粗糙度和O/C比显著增加,而石墨化程度有所降低。PCF单独填充NR时不具有增强作用,而与CB或Silica协同填充NR的拉伸强度显著提高,由3MPa分别提高到18.6MPa和23.7MPa;改性后则可达到24.5MPa和24.7MPa。与CB/NR硫化胶相比,PCF-CB/NR硫化胶的拉伸强度略有降低,但改性PCF-CB/NR硫化胶的拉伸强度则提高了25.6%;与Silica/NR硫化胶相比,添加改性前后的碳纤维均使PCF-CB/NR硫化胶的拉伸强度小幅降低。结合不同增强体系的拉伸强度、50%定伸应力和断面形貌SEM照片可以推断出,PCF单独填充NR时,改性前后均与基体的界面粘合较差;对PCF-CB增强体系来说,界面相互作用的提高主要以吸附理论为主,改性后则以机械互锁和吸附理论共同作用为主;对PCF-Silica增强体系,改性前后均以氢键作用为主。     

The impact of esterification on the properties of starch/natural rubber composite

The starch was modified by esterification, and the starch/natural rubber composite was prepared by blending the modified starch with natural rubber latex. The morphology, thermal stability and mechanical properties of the composite were investigated. The results show that the crystal structure of starch in the composite disappears after modification with esterification, and the starch particles with an average size around 200 nm homogenously disperse throughout the natural rubber (NR) matrix. The thermal stability of composite is improved significantly after the modification with starch. The mechanical properties of composite are enhanced with the increase of starch loading. The composite possesses the best properties at the starch xanthate content of 20 parts per hundred rubber (phr). The enhanced thermal stability and mechanical properties of modified starch/NR composite are mainly due to the improved phase interface interactions between rubber and starch.     

Electrospinning of PCL/natural rubber blends

In this study, a thermoplastic/elastomeric binary blend of non-vulcanized natural rubber (NR) and polycaprolactone (PCL) was electrospun using polymer solutions consisting of varying proportions of PCL and NR. Specifically, an 8 % (w/v) NR/toluene solution was mixed with an 8 % (w/v) PCL/chloroform solution at proportions of 2, 15, 30, and 50 % (v/v). The morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties of the electrospun mats were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry, and uniaxial tensile tests. The SEM images demonstrated the production of micrometer- and sub-micrometer-sized fibers with no bead formation. Fibers with diameters ranging from 1.3 μm for samples with 0 % NR to 210 nm for samples containing 50 % NR were observed. Fibers with rough and smooth morphologies were observed, showing that the PCL/NR mats had phase-separated. The blend miscibility was evaluated by thermal analysis, which showed that blending did not improve the thermal stability of the systems. An investigation of the mechanical properties of the electrospun mats showed that adding NRL to the blend increased the tensile modulus, the ultimate elasticity, and the strain. Thus, non-vulcanized NR was successfully incorporated into electrospun mats, which exhibited useful mechanical properties that could be harnessed in biomaterials applications.     

抗氧剂/光稳定剂对3D打印光致变色木塑复合材料性能的影响

功能性光致变色木塑复合材料(PWPC)使用寿命通常较短,因此本研究将抗氧剂1010和光稳定剂770引入到PWPC中,以改善复合材料的力学和耐光疲劳等性能.采用熔融共混法制得杨木粉/聚乳酸(WF/PLA)基光致变色复合材料,通过熔融沉积技术(FDM)打印成型,对制备的WF/PLA复合材料力学、界面相容性、热稳定性和耐光疲...     

Effect of ZnO nanoparticles doped graphene on static and dynamic mechanical properties of natural rubber composites

In this work, effect of ZnO nanoparticles doped graphene (Nano-ZnO–GE) on static and dynamic mechanical properties of natural rubber composites were studied. Nano-ZnO–GE was synthesized by sol–gel method and thermal treatment. With the incorporation of nano-ZnO–GE into the matrix, the mechanical properties of NR nanocomposite significantly improved over that of NR composite containing with 5 phr of conventional-ZnO. The results demonstrated that the presence of nano-ZnO on the surface of graphene sheets not only conduces to suppressing aggregation of graphene sheets but also acts as a more efficient cure-activator in vulcanization process, with the formation of excellent crosslinked network at low nano-ZnO–GE content. This work also showed that NR/Nano-ZnO–GE nanocomposites exhibited higher wet grip property and lower rolling resistance compared with NR/Conventional-ZnO composite, which makes nano-ZnO–GE very competitive for the green tire application as a substitute of conventional-ZnO, enlarging versatile practical application to prepare high-performance rubber nanocomposites.     

Thermo-mechanical characterization of Manicaria Saccifera natural fabric reinforced poly-lactic acid composite lamina

The development and thermo-mechanical characterization of a novel green composite lamina, made of PolyLactic Acid (PLA) reinforced with a natural fabric extracted from Manicaria Saccifera palm, are presented. The composite was characterized by thermal-analysis (TGA), tensile, flexural, and izod impact tests, and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). TGA analysis showed that the degradation process of the composite started earlier than that of neat PLA due to the lower thermal stability of the fabric. The mechanical tests showed that PLA properties were improved. The tensile strength, elastic modulus and impact resistance were improved by 26%, 51% and 56% respectively. Good dispersion and mechanical interlocking of PLA into the fabric were seen by SEM explaining the improvements of the mechanical properties of the composite. In summary, the good tensile properties and the excellent energy absorption capabilities of the MF/PLA composite lamina show great potential of Manicaria fabric as reinforcement in green composites.