UBF-BAF处理羧甲基纤维素冷凝液特性

采用UBF-BAF组合工艺对多效蒸发食品添加剂羧甲基纤维素(CMC)产生的酸性冷凝液进行生物降解,考察了UBF-BAF组合工艺参数,构建了基于化学需氧量(COD)去除的UBF反应动力学模型,并对UBF和BAF反应器生物膜中的生物学特征进行了解析,初步揭示出UBF-BAF处理CMC冷凝液的特性. 其适宜的运行参数为：UBF的水力停留时间24 h,BAF的水力停留时间5 h,温度20~40℃,pH=6.5~7.5,BAF反冲洗周期5~7 d. 当进水COD浓度为2388~4000 mg/L时,UBF反应器对COD的去除率高于84.26%,BAF反应器对COD的去除率高于80.53%,最终出水达到《污水综合排放标准(GB 8978-2002)》一级排放要求.     

Pilot‐scale anaerobic/anoxic/oxic/oxic biofilm process treating coking wastewater

BACKGROUND: Biological treatment efficiency of coking wastewater is rather poor, especially for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia‐nitrogen (NH$_{4}^{+}$ ‐N) removal due to its complex composition and high toxicity. RESULTS: A pilot‐scale anaerobic/anoxic/oxic/oxic (A²/O²) biofilm system has been developed to treat coking wastewater, focusing attention on the COD and NH$_{4}^{+}$ ‐N removal efficiencies. Operational results over 239 days showed that hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the system had a great impact on simultaneous removals of COD and NH$_{4}^{+}$ ‐N. At HRT of 116 h, total removal efficiencies of COD and NH$_{4}^{+}$ ‐N were 92.3% and 97.8%, respectively, reaching the First Grade discharge standard for coking wastewater in China. Adequate HRT, anoxic removal of refractory organics and two‐step aerobic bioreactors were considered to be effective measures to obtain satisfactory coking effluent quality using the A²/O² biofilm system. The correlation between removal characteristics of pollutants and spatial distributions of biomass along the height of upflow bioreactors was also revealed. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that it is feasible to apply the A²/O² biofilm process for coking wastewater treatment, achieving desirable effluent quality and steady process performance. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

电化学氧化及反硝化BAF联用深度处理焦化废水

针对焦化废水二级处理出水含难降解有毒有害有机物,且难以达标排放的问题,研究了BDD电极电化学氧化与反硝化曝气生物滤池联用深度处理焦化废水的效果。结果表明,当电化学氧化的水力停留时间控制在1 h,BAF的停留时间控制在12 h时,系统出水水质稳定,出水平均COD、NH_3~-N、NO_3~--N分别为62.9、2.60、9.9 mg/L,系统平均去除率分别为74.2%、83.6%、59.6%。     

曝气生物滤池处理含氰废水的启动性能及污染物去除特性

为了探讨曝气生物滤池（BAF）对氰化物的去除能力,采用两级曝气生物滤池对含氰废水进行了启动研究。结果表明,当BAF1和BAF2的HRT分别为7 h和5 h、进水温度为20～25 ℃、气水比为10∶1、进水COD为400 mg/L左右（葡萄糖配水）时,随着进水CN?的增加,两级BAF对CN?、COD和TN的去除率逐渐下降。当进水CN?从20.22 mg/L增加到65.23 mg/L时,两级BAF对CN?、COD和TN的去除率相应从92.1%、90.2%和61.7%降至59.1%、53%和25.4%。当初始CN?低于35.34 mg/L时,经过24 h闷曝后,BAF对CN?的去除率可达99%以上,出水CN?低于0.2 mg/L。初始CN?越高,BAF对CN?的降解速率越慢,完全降解CN?所需的时间 越长。     

HRT和曝气量对AAO-BAF系统反硝化除磷性能的影响

以COD/TN为4左右的生活污水为处理对象,通过调节系统进水流量和曝气生物滤池（BAF）曝气量,研究了水力停留时间（HRT）和BAF气水比对AAO-BAF反硝化除磷系统运行性能的影响。结果表明,气水比和水力负荷（HLR）对BAF的硝化性能有显著影响,BAF气水比为3：1时,NH₄⁺去除率降低到了72%;当AAO的HRT为4 h,BAF的HLR为3 m³·m^-2·h^-1时,即使BAF的气水比达到8：1,也不能保证NH₄⁺的完全去除。试验得出,AAO-BAF反硝化除磷系统的PO₄^3-去除率与NH₄⁺去除率存在良好的相关关系,为保证90%以上的磷去除率,NH₄⁺去除率应该达到98%。当AAO的HRT≥6 h,BAF气水比≥4：1时,AAO-BAF系统对COD、NH₄⁺、TN和PO₄^3-的去除率分别可达87%、99%、80%和95%。     

前置反硝化曝气生物滤池处理低浓度生活污水

在水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time,HRT)为1 h和2 h、气水比为5:1、回流比为100%的条件下,考察了前置反硝化曝气生物滤池工艺对低浓度生活污水的处理效果,并研究了反冲洗对该工艺去除效果的影响。试验结果表明:当HRT为2 h时,前置反硝化曝气生物滤池对低浓度生活污水中COD、NH_4~+-N和TN的平均去除率分别为70%、91%和53%,当HRT降至1 h时,COD、NH_4~+-N和TN平均去除率分别降低12%、34%和20%。在反冲洗后2～3 h,该工艺能恢复到正常处理水平。     

MBR和BAF用于城市污水深度处理的工艺特性比较

采用膜生物反应器(MBR)和曝气生物滤池(BAF)2种工艺分别对以生活污水为主的城市污水进行深度处理,以达到污水回用的目的.中试结果表明,在平均水温仅为5℃的情况下,MBR工艺的处理效果明显优于BAF,MBR_4~+工艺对COD、BOD＿5、NH_4~+-N和TP的去除率分别可以达到75%、92%、95%和90%,,而BAF对COD、BOD_5、NH_4~+_N和TP的去除率仅为70%、78%、29%和82%.经核算,MBR和BAF的污水处理运行费用分别为0.82元·m~(-3)和0.55元·m~(-3).与BAF相比,MBR具有处理效果优良、出水稳定、占地面积少,且维护管理方便等特点,因此,在以污水回用为目的的实际工程中推荐采用MBR工艺.     

Simultaneous organic and nutrient removal from municipal wastewater by BSACNR process

Biological nutrient removal was investigated under a biological synthetic activated ceramic nutrient removal (BSACNR) process. Tests were made to establish whether organic compounds and nutrients (N, P) from municipal wastewater were eliminated effectively in a lab-scale BSACNR process by increasing the hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 4 hr to 10 hr. In the system, synthetic activated ceramic (SAC) media were packed in each reactor for attached growth of both nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria; the sludge of the clarifier was returned to the anaerobic reactor to release phosphate. In this configuration, nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal could be performed at their respective conditions. The influent was synthetic wastewater, and the mean concentration of COD, NH⁺ ₄ -N and T-P in the influent was about 200 mg/L, 20 mg/L and 8 mg/L, respectively. At a total HRT of the system of 4-10 hr, the system worked successfully obtaining the removal of COD, NH⁺ ₄-N, T-N and T-P: 90.5-97.5%, 72.9-94.4%, 56.5-73.7% and 36.0-61.1%, respectively. The results of this research show that a biological synthetic activated ceramic nutrient removal (BSACNR) process packed with SAC media could be applicable for treatment of organic and nutrient from municipal wastewater.     

两级复合滤料生物滤池处理洗衣废水的试验

采用两级复合滤料生物滤池进行洗衣废水的处理试验,研究了水力负荷、气水比、COD负荷、滤层厚度及生物对其处理效果的影响,结果表明两种方式运行(工况1控制滤柱Ⅰ、滤柱Ⅱ好氧,工况2控制滤柱Ⅰ厌氧、滤柱Ⅱ好氧)的最佳工况均为气水比为2∶1,水力负荷为1.4 m3/m2.h。工况1对COD平均去除率为91.3%,对LAS的平均去除率为88.4%,对TN、TP的平均去除率分别达到29.8%和39.7%;工况2对COD去除率为87.1%,对LAS的平均去除率为93.3%,对TN、TP的平均去除率分别达到48.9%和93.3%,其出水COD、LAS、TP和TN可分别达到56 mg/L、3.1 mg/L、0.5 mg/L和15.8 mg/L。     

污泥负荷对UBF处理农村污水的影响

研究了在常温条件下不同污泥负荷对UBF反应器污水处理性能的影响。结果表明在进水浓度为1200 mg/L、水力停留时间（HRT）为10 h、污泥负荷为0．59 kg COD/kg MLSS·d时,UBF对COD的去除效果最佳,达80．14％;在污泥负荷达到1．01 kg COD/kg MLSS·d之前,污泥中生物量比例随着污泥负荷的增加而增加,MLVSS/MLSS值可达0．89;UBF反应器对污水可生化性有较好的改善效果,BOD5/CODCr比值增幅可达28．52％,且低污泥负荷更有利于污水可生化性的改善。     

粉煤灰复合滤料曝气生物滤池处理污水试验研究

采用粉煤灰复合滤料曝气生物滤池(BAF)装置处理污水,研究了气水体积比、水力负荷、进水污染物负荷对COD和NH3-N去除效果的影响。结果表明,在进水COD和NH3-N的质量浓度分别为200mg/L和25mg/L时,适宜的气水体积比为10:1,COD和NH3-N的去除率能够分别达到77.93%和84.78%;适宜的水力负荷为1.01 m3/(m.2h),COD和NH3-N的去除率能够分别达到87.88%和90.01%。反应器具有较强的抗污染物冲击负荷的能力,有机负荷在1.03～3.68kg/(m.3d)时,COD去除率均保持在75%以上;当氨氮负荷在0.22～0.44kg/(m.3d)化时,NH3-N去除率均保持在85%以上。     

厌氧段HRT对A2N工艺反硝化除磷脱氮效果的影响

为了考察厌氧段水力停留时间（HRT）对A2N工艺反硝化除磷脱氮效果的影响,采用连续流双污泥反硝化除磷脱氮装置以生活污水为处理对象,研究了厌氧段在不同HRT时系统的除磷脱氮效果,以及厌氧段不同HRT对系统处理过程的影响。结果表明,厌氧段是A2N工艺实现反硝化除磷脱氮的关键阶段。当厌氧段的HRT过长时,虽然溶解性PO4^3-的总释放量增加,但是后续的缺氧吸磷量和总氮的去除量并没有相应地增加。厌氧段的HRT时间过短,反硝化聚磷菌（DPB）在此对进水中易降解COD（CODRB）吸收不完全,导致后续缺氧吸磷量下降,同时影响了系统的除磷和脱氮效果。在处理实际生活污水水质时,厌氧段的HRT为2h即可满足除磷和脱氮要求。     

Biological Nutrient Removal Using a Novel Laboratory‐Scale Twin Fluidized‐Bed Bioreactor

The capability of biological nutrient removal from wastewater of a novel laboratory‐scale twin fluidized‐bed bioreactor (TFBBR) was studied. The work showed approximately 96 % organic matter, 84 % nitrogen, and 12 % phosphorus removal efficiencies in the first three phases of the study at influent synthetic municipal wastewater (SMW) flow rates of 150, 190, and 240 L/d, with corresponding organic loading rates of 1.3, 1.7, and 2.3 kg COD m^–3 d^–1 and nitrogen loading rates of 0.14, 0.18 and 0.25 kg N m^–3 d^–1. The TFBBR effluent was characterized by <1.0 mg NH₄‐N/L, <4.3 mg NO₃‐N/L, <6 mg TN/L, <6 mg SBOD/L, and 6–10 mg VSS/L. For the three phases, biomass yields of 0.06, 0.066, and 0.071 g VSS/g COD were observed, respectively, which was a significant further reduction in yield compared to the liquid‐solid circulating fluidized‐bed bioreactor technology developed and patented by this research group, of 0.12–0.16 g VSS/g COD. The very low yield was due to a longer solid retention time of 72–108 d.     

曝气生物滤池处理腈纶废水的启动性能研究

以曝气生物滤池(Biological Aerated Filter,BAF)净化腈纶废水为研究对象,研究了BAF处理腈纶废水的启动规律。试验以陶粒为滤料,在流量为25L/h,曝气量为40L/h的试验条件下,每天测试COD和氨氮的去除率变化情况。BAF对COD,氨氮有一定的去除效果。启动15d后,COD去除率达到65%;18d后,氨氮去除率达到60%以上。镜检表明,填料表面生物膜中均存在着多种微生物和明显的生物相分布。BAF挂膜过程中可以通过氨氮和COD去除率变化,来判断填料挂膜的进程和生物硝化作用进行的程度。     

曝气生物滤池(BAF)反冲洗优化控制策略的研究

采用两相厌氧/好氧工艺处理东北某肉业公司屠宰加工废水.研究不同反冲洗方式和条件对系统处理效果的影响.结果表明,反冲洗后二级BAF的COD去除率大约经过4h左右恢复到反冲洗之前,二级BAF的SS去除率大约经过4～8h恢复到反冲洗之前.适当的反冲洗策略不但可以恢复生物膜的活性,改进系统的出水效果,还可以延长反冲洗周期,减少...     

Biodegradation of wastewater containing cyanide,acetonitrile, and acrylonitrile using RBC and shock loading study

A laboratory scale rotating biological contactor (RBC) was used to study the biodegradation of synthetic wastewater similar to the one from the petrochemical industry producing acrylonitrile (ACR). The study was carried out at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 30 h for simultaneous removal of cyanide (CN), acetonitrile (ACN), and ACR in petrochemical wastewater stream. The attached biomass was acclimatised by gradually increasing CN, ACN, and ACR concentration from 5 to 40, 41 to 113, and 45 to 142 mg L^?1, respectively, with simultaneous increase in the concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium nitrogen at HRT of 30 h. During acclimatisation the percent removal of COD, CN, ACN, and ACR were 90–95, >99, 80–94, and 80–88, respectively. The performance of RBC was monitored for various parameters like COD, 5‐day biochemical oxygen demand at 20°C (BOD₅), CN, ACN, ACR, ammonium nitrogen, etc. The removals obtained in terms of percentage, for CN, ACN, ACR, and COD were 97, 81, 89, and 95, respectively, at HRT 30 h. The quantitative shocks consisting of increase in influent substrate concentration with subsequent increase in concentration of other parameters proportionally were studied. The variation of biomass concentration within the system was also studied.     

臭氧-曝气生物滤池工艺深度处理石化废水

采用臭氧-曝气生物滤池(BAF)工艺对广东某石化废水经一般生化处理后进行深度处理,以提高废水的可生化性,探讨了废水的初始pH、臭氧投加量和催化剂等因素对臭氧氧化的影响,以及曝气生物滤池不同停留时间对废水COD去除率的影响。结果表明,进水COD约60~80 mg/L,臭氧投加量55.56 mg/L,BAF水力停留时间1.5 h,经组合工艺处理后出水COD低于30 mg/L,达到中水回用标准。     

Modeling biological nutrient removal in a liquid–solid circulating fluidized bed bioreactor

BACKGROUND: Both laboratory‐scale and pilot‐scale liquid–solid circulating fluidized bed (LSCFB) bioreactors have demonstrated excellent biological nutrient removal (BNR) from municipal wastewater. In this study, a model for the LSCFB for biological nutrient removal has been developed, calibrated, and validated using pilot‐scale experimental results. RESULTS: An efficient reactor arrangement predicted anoxic–anaerobic and aerobic biofilm thicknesses of 150–400 and 70–175 µm in the riser and downer, respectively. Furthermore, distribution of chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH₄‐N, NO_X‐N, and dissolved oxygen in the biofilm, as well as nutrients removed in the aerobic and anoxic zones, reflect nitrification, denitrification and enhanced biological phosphorus removal in the LSCFB. The model predicted both anoxic effluent and final effluent COD, SCOD, SBOD, NH₄‐N, NO₃‐N, TKN, TN, PO₄‐P, and TP were within the 95% confidence intervals of the experimental data. Model‐predicted simultaneous nitrification/denitrification occurring in the aerobic downer. CONCLUSION: This model developed for LSCFB using the AQUIFAS biofilm diffusion model successfully evaluated the process performance. It is an efficient tool for further research, design, and optimization of the fixed film bioreactor. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

寒冷天气下新型复合式生物生态系统与曝气生物滤池组合工艺处理生活污水的协同作用(英文)

A lab-scale integrated treatment system including the novel sequence bio-ecological process (SBEP) and biological aerated filter (BAF) for a sewage mixture (chemistry laboratory wastewater and domestic sewage) was presented in this paper. The main objective of the study was to test the contribution of artificial aeration, recir-culation ratio and mass concentration of steel slag on pollutant removal in winter when the plants are dormant. It had been shown that SBEP and BAF play different roles in removing contaminants from wastewater. During the airflow experiment, the removal efficiency of COD and TP in SBEP was higher than that in BAF, whereas BAF can compensate for the deficiency of SBEP where no significant improvement on ammonium nitrogen removal is ob-served. Yet, the removal efficiencies of COD, TP and -N in SBEP could be improved apparently when differ-ent recirculation ratio or various mass concentration of steel were applied. Especially, when the airflow of 0.06 L·h 1, the recirculation ratio rate of 80% and the mass concentration of steel of 2.2-2.4 g·L 1 were applied, the highest efficiency of 94.6%, 77.9% and 80.7% for COD, TP and -N were achieved, respectively. The inte-grated treatment system of SBEP and BAF was proved to be an effective wastewater treatment technique and a bet-ter alternative to treat domestic sewage.     

Autotrophic nitrification and denitrification characteristics of an upflow biological aerated filter

Wastewater nitrification was carried out using a laboratory‐scale upflow biological aerated filter (BAF) packed with a polyurethane‐based porous medium. The filtration medium has macro‐pores which provide a greater surface area for the development of biofilms. The macro‐pores have both aerobic and anaerobic zones, depending on the depth of oxygen penetration in the medium. Wastewater ammonium was oxidized at a maximum rate of 1.8 kg NH₄⁺m^?3d^?1 and showed more than 90% nitrification efficiency in the BAF. During the biological nitrification of wastewater, considerable nitrogen loss was observed in the BAF under oxygen‐limited conditions when organic carbons were not provided for denitrification. Most probably, the lost nitrogen was converted to gaseous nitrogen compounds including dinitrogen by autotrophic dentrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry