Novel interleaved ZVS converter with ripple current cancellation

This paper presents a zero voltage switching (ZVS) converter with interleaved pulse‐width modulation scheme. An active clamp circuit is adopted in the proposed converter to recycle the energy stored in the leakage inductor of the transformer and reduce the voltage stress of the main power switch in the converter. The ZVS feature of switches can be achieved due to the resonance during the transition interval of two power switches. Two full‐wave rectifiers with ripple current cancellation are connected in parallel at the output side to reduce the current stress of the secondary winding of transformers. Instead of the conventional interleaved forward converter, power switches in the proposed converter can perform the functions of both forward converter and active clamp at the same time. Therefore, the circuit components in the power circuit are less than that of in the conventional interleaved forward converter. The operation principle and system analysis of the proposed converter are provided. Some experimental results for a 240 W (12 V/20 A) prototype are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis and design of a two‐transformer active‐clamping forward converter with parallel‐connected current doubler rectifiers

A new two‐transformer active‐clamping forward converter with parallel‐connected current doubler rectifiers (CDRs) is proposed in this paper. The presented DC–DC converter is mainly composed of two active‐clamping forward converters with secondary CDRs. Only two switches are required and each one is the auxiliary switch for the other. The circuit complexity and cost are thus reduced. The leakage inductance of the transformer or an additional resonant inductance is employed to achieve zero‐voltage‐switching (ZVS) during the dead times. Two CDRs at the secondary side are connected in parallel to reduce the current stresses of the secondary windings and the ripple current at the output side. Accordingly, the smaller output chokes and capacitors decrease the converter volume and increase the power density. Detailed analysis and design of the presented two‐transformer active‐clamping forward converter are described. Experimental results are recorded for a prototype converter with a DC input voltage of 130??180V, an output voltage of 5 V and an output current of 40 A, operating at a switching frequency of 100 kHz. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pulse current regenerative resonant snubber‐assisted two‐switch flyback‐type ZVS PWM DC‐DC converter

In this paper, a two‐switch high‐frequency flyback transformer‐type zero voltage soft‐switching PWM DC‐DC converter using IGBTs is proposed. Effective applications for this power converter can be found in auxiliary power supplies of rolling stock transportation and electric vehicles. This power converter is basically composed of two active power switches and a flyback high‐frequency transformer. In addition to these, two passive lossless snubbers with power regeneration loops for energy recovery, consisting of a three‐winding auxiliary high‐frequency transformer, auxiliary capacitors and diodes are introduced to achieve zero voltage soft switching from light to full load conditions. Furthermore, this power converter has some advantages such as low cost circuit configuration, simple control scheme, and high efficiency. Its operating principle is described and to determine circuit parameters, some practical design considerations are discussed. The effectiveness of the proposed power converter is evaluated and compared with the hard switching PWM DC‐DC converter from an experimental point of view, and the comparative electromagnetic conduction and radiation noise characteristics of both DC‐DC power converter circuits are also depicted. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 152(3): 74–81, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20081     

Design and implementation of an interleaved soft‐switching converter with output voltage doubler

An interleaved pulse‐width modulation (PWM) converter with less power switches is presented in this paper. The buck type of active clamp circuit is used to recycle the energy stored in the leakage inductor of a transformer. The zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn‐on of power switches is realized by the resonance during the transition interval of power switches. At the secondary side of transformers, two full‐wave rectifiers with dual‐output configuration are connected in parallel to reduce the current stresses of the secondary windings of transformers. In the proposed converter, power switches can accomplish two functions of the interleaved PWM modulation and active clamp feature at the same time. Therefore, the circuit components in the proposed converter are less than that of the conventional interleaved ZVS forward converter. The operation principle and system analysis of the proposed converter are provided in detail. Experimental results for a 280 W prototype operated at 100 kHz are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

High‐efficiency current‐doubler rectifier with low output current ripple and high step‐down voltage ratio

This paper presents a current‐doubler rectifier with low output current ripple and high step‐down voltage ratio. In the proposed rectifier, two extra inductors are introduced to extend the duty ratio of the switches, which in turn reduces the peak current through the isolation transformer as well as the output current ripple; two extra diodes are used to provide discharge paths for the two extra inductors. To highlight the merits of the proposed rectifier, its performance indexes, such as voltage gain function, secondary winding peak current of the isolation transformer, and output current ripple, are analyzed and compared with the conventional current‐doubler rectifier. In this paper, a zero‐voltage‐switching phase‐shift full‐bridge converter with the proposed rectifier with an input voltage of 400 V, output voltage of 12 V, and full load power of 500 W has been implemented and verified, and experimental results have shown that 90% conversion efficiency could be achieved at full load. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

A new integrated high step‐up quasi‐resonant flyback‐forward converter

This study presents a new high step‐up, high efficiency, flyback‐forward converter. The proposed converter employs 2 transformers, operating in flyback and forward modes at different intervals, to achieve the high voltage gain. In favor of high power density, transformers have been installed on 1 core. Furthermore, all switches are turned on under zero voltage switching condition, and all diodes are turned off under zero current switching condition. Also, the proposed converter utilizes resonant operation that leads to a reduction in switching loss, turning the converter to a highly efficient one. A 150‐W prototype has been implemented to verify the theoretical analysis, and a complete analysis has been done to investigate the effect of transformers integration.     

谐振变换器的ZVS软开关同步整流技术研究

以感应电能传输(IPT)谐振变换器为研究对象,研究了谐振变换器的ZVS同步整流(SR)技术。分析了基于SR技术IPT谐振变换器的工作原理,利用系统的谐振工作特性,提出了一种新颖的ZVS软开关SR实现方法。建立了系统频闪映射稳态数学模型,给出了ZVS软开关SR的周期不动点函数、数值求解状态变量及ZVS软开关SR工作周期的算法流程。在设计控制电路的基础上,通过实验验证了提出的同步整流技术的可行性。     

全桥倍流同步整流变换器系统建模与分析

已往的全桥倍流变换器的模型多是建立在忽略电路损耗等寄生参数基础之上的,在低电压大电流输出的情况下,这些寄生参数不可以忽略。据此针对全桥倍流同步整流变换器,在考虑了电路中的损耗分布等一些寄生参数的情况下,建立了新的系统模型,并结合全桥倍流变换器的小信号系统分析,进行了校正设计,最后给出的仿真结果表明,本建模方法与未考虑各种寄生参数的建模方法相比,更符合实际电路工作情况。     

Analysis and implementation of a high‐efficiency zero‐voltage‐zero‐current‐switching DC–DC converter

A high‐efficiency zero‐voltage‐zero‐current‐switching DC–DC converter with ripple‐free input current is presented. In the presented converter, the ripple‐free boost cell provides ripple‐free input current and zero‐voltage switching of power switches. The resonant flyback cell provides zero‐voltage switching of power switches and zero‐current switching of the output diode. Also, it has a simple output stage. The proposed converter achieves high efficiency because of the reduction of the switching losses of the power switches and the output diode. Detailed analysis and design of the proposed converter are carried out. A prototype of the proposed converter is developed and its experimental results are presented for validation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

2种ZVS方式AHB直流变换器比较

不对称半桥(AHB)直流变换器原边开关管实现零电压开关(ZVS)的方式有2种:负载电流ZVS方式和激磁电流ZVS方式.对2种不同ZVS方式AHB变换器的电路工作原理、控制策略、关键参数设计依据进行了深入的比较研究,并研制了2台原理样机,给出了实验波形及测试结果.研究及实验结果表明:负载电流ZVS方式AHB变换器利用负载折射电流实现开关管的ZVS,负载较小时.开关管ZVS难以实现,其采用增大变压器漏感或外串电感的方法来扩大ZVS负载范围,适用于较大功率应用场合:而激磁电流ZVS方式AHB变换器利用变压器激磁电流,可在空载至满载范围内实现开关管ZVS.相对于负载电流ZVS方式,其效率略低,适用于小功率应用场合.     

ZVS双向DC-DC变换器在超级电容能量回收中的研究

针对超级电容器能量回收系统采用硬开关电路存在损耗大的问题,研究了一种基于谐振的双向DC-DC软开关拓扑结构,该拓扑使用四个功率开关管实现功率双向流动,通过开关管的零电压(ZVS)导通,减小了开关损耗。分析了变换器在Buck和Boost模式下的工作模态,并推导了稳态工作时的基本方程。建立了20V/100V、240W双向DC-DC变换器的仿真模型,研制了实验样机,对变换器的工作模式进行了仿真和实验,仿真和实验结果表明变换器的效率可达到95%以上。     

Design of a two‐output forward converter with an output voltage objective function

A new method is proposed in this paper to distribute the steady‐state output voltage errors in a two‐output forward converter. The cross regulation between the two output voltages are described in terms of the circuit parameters. An objective function is formed for each of the two outputs to track its reference within the specified error. The legitimate duty cycle range is located through the transfer characteristics between the duty cycle and the load currents. The weighting feedback gains of the two output voltages can be determined by the presented control scheme which optimizes the objective function. The proposed method is suitable for a two‐output system without a dominant load. Experiments on a prototype are conducted to show that there exist a duty cycle range and a set of weighted feedback gains minimizing the defined objective function. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

改进型ZVS PWM全桥DC-DC变换器的研究

研究一种把软开关技术和移相PWM控制技术以及双向DC DC变换器技术有机结合在一起的新型高频DC DC开关功率全桥变换器。它采用电流模式移相PWM控制,在较大的负载范围内实现了开关器件的零电压软开关(ZVS)。该电路简单高效,超前臂、滞后臂都能在很宽的范围实现软开关。介绍和分析了变换器的工作原理,最后给出了实验结果和两个主要波形,并做出了详细的说明。     

An extensible two‐phase high voltage‐boosting converter with automatic current balance

In this study, an extensible 2‐phase interleaved high step‐up converter with automatic current balance is presented. This converter uses coupled inductors and energy‐transferring capacitors to improve the voltage gain of the traditional 2‐phase interleaved boost converter as well as employs these energy transferring capacitors to do automatic current balance. Furthermore, the voltage gain can be enhanced not only by adjusting the turns ratio but also by increasing the numbers of phases, diodes, and energy‐transferring capacitors. Therefore, it can be used in high input current and high step‐up voltage applications. In this paper, the basic operating principles of the proposed converter are described and analyzed, and finally, its effectiveness is demonstrated by experiment. In addition, the field‐programmable gate array, named EP13T100C8N and manufactured by Altera Co, is used as a control kernel, and an experimental prototype, with input voltage of 12 V, output voltage of 200 V, and rated output power of 200 W, is given to provide the effectiveness of the proposed converter.     

Soft‐switching converter with low circulating current and wide range of ZVS turn‐on

In this paper, a new hybrid dc–dc converter with low circulating current within the freewheeling interval, wide range of zero‐voltage switching and reduced output current ripple is presented. The proposed hybrid circuit includes two three‐level pulse‐width modulation converters and a series resonant converter with the shard lagging‐leg switches. Series resonant converter is operated at fixed switching frequency (close to series resonant frequency) to extend the zero‐voltage switching range of lagging‐leg switches. The output of series resonant converter is connected to the secondary sides of three‐level converters to produce a positive rectified voltage instead of zero voltage. Hence, the output inductances can be reduced. The reflected positive voltage is used to decrease the circulating current to zero during the freewheeling interval. Therefore, the circulating current losses in three‐level converters are improved. Finally, experiments are presented for a 1.44 kW prototype circuit converting 800 V input to an output voltage 24 V/60A. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A novel zero-voltage-switching current-resonant converter using rectifier deadtime technique in the 10-MHz range

A novel zero-voltage-switching current resonant converter is presented. The rectifier deadtime technique proposed in this paper enables this converter to achieve zero-voltage switching on all semiconductor devices, including rectifier diodes, in any load range, and to operate form full load to no load within a high and narrow frequency range. The circuit operation is analyzed and is verified experimentally by two converters designed for 1 MHz and 10-MHz switching frequency operation. In the experiments, zero-voltage switching is achieved even at light load or no load, and a maximum efficiency of 93.5% in the 1-MHz-class converter and of 85.2% in the 10-MHz-class converter is realized. © 1998 Scripta Technica. Electr Eng Jpn, 121(4): 1–10, 1997     

A new parallel ZVS converter with less power switches and low current stress components

A new direct current (DC)/DC converter with parallel circuits is presented for medium voltage and power applications. There are five pulse‐width modulation circuits in the proposed converter to reduce current stress at low voltage side for high output current applications. These five circuits share the same power switches in order to reduce switch counts. To reduce the converter size, conduction loss, and voltage stress of power semiconductors, the series connections of power metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFET) with high switching frequency instead of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with low switching frequency are adopted. Thus, the voltage stress of MOSFETs is clamped at half of input voltage. The switched capacitor circuit is adopted to balance input split capacitor voltages. Asymmetric pulse‐width modulation scheme is adopted to generate the necessary switching signals of MOSFETs and regulate output voltage. Based on the resonant behavior at the transition interval of power switches, all MOSFETs are turned on under zero voltage switching from 50% load to 100% load. The circuit configuration, operation principle, converter performance, and design example are discussed in detail. Finally, experimental verifications with a 1.92 kW prototype are provided to verify the performance of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高功率因数三相软开关PWM变流器

本文提出一种三相软开关PWM变流器,它具有电路结构简单,开关次数较传统变流器少的特点,电路的开关切换是以单纯的ZVS方式进行的,从而可以减少开关损耗和抑制EMI。文章阐述了变流器输入功率因数为1和输出直流电压恒定的控制方法,通过改变调制信号的调制度a和相位角φ,不但可以使输入电流和相电压保持同相位,输入电流波形为正弦波,而且可以使输出直流电压保持恒定。     

Modeling of phase‐shifted full‐bridge ZVS converter based on a new expression of effective duty ratio

This paper presents a simple but precise model of phase‐shifted full bridge zero‐voltage switching (PSFB ZVS) converter by introducing an effective duty ratio. The resonant states of PSFB ZVS converter are fully considered in the derivation of effective duty ratio, which results in a model with high precision. According to the proposed model, the output voltage of PSFB ZVS converter is not determined by duty ratio but by the phase shift, which is different from traditional models, and is verified by simulation and experiment. © 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

单级隔离升压半桥DC/DC变换器软开关条件研究

为了获得单级隔离型升压半桥DC/DC变换器的软开关工作条件.对其工作原理和换流过程进行分析.通过稳态参数计算、开关管关闭工作模态的等效电路解析以及微分方程运算,指出了其软开关过程本质上是变压器漏感和开关管并联电容准谐振过程,并获得了实现软开关应满足的特征阻抗与变换器稳态参数之间的不等式关系,该不等式可以作为设计该变换器...