Analysis of characteristics of half-wave rectified brushless synchronous motor with permanent magnets

Previously, the authors proposed a “half-wave rectified brushless synchronous motor” as a novel servomotor. The rotor winding emf of the motor is induced by the stator current mmf which rotates at synchronous speed and pulsates at bias frequency. The field excitation is produced by the field current obtained from rectifying the emf with a diode inserted into the field winding. To improve the power factor and the efficiency, they also proposed a new-type half-wave rectified brushless synchronous motor with permanent magnets. This paper analyzes the flux distribution and the torque characteristics of the new half-wave rectified brushless synchronous motor using the finite element method. The computed torque characteristics are confirmed with the experimental results. Furthermore, the steady-state characteristic equations are derived and the effect of the modulation function waveforms on the motor performance is investigated. The theory also is confirmed by the experiments.     

A new method for estimating initial rotor phase of self‐excited hybrid‐field synchronous motors

This paper proposes a new method for properly estimating the rotor initial phase (i.e., the position) of the newly emerging self‐excited hybrid‐field synchronous motors (SelE‐HFSMs), which have the rotor held by both a permanent magnet and a diode‐shorted held winding. The proposed method injects a spatially rotating high‐frequency voltage and detects the rotor phase directly by evaluating the norm of the associated current. The method is very simple, but has a high degree of usability. 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 173(3): 49–58, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience. wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21027     

A General Analytical Method for a Three‐Phase Line‐Start Permanent‐Magnet Synchronous Motor

A line‐start permanent‐magnet synchronous motor (LSPMM) consists of a stator with symmetrical three‐phase armature windings and a salient pole rotor with a permanent magnet for excitation and a starting winding similar to the squirrel‐cage winding of an induction motor. In this paper, a general analytical method based on tensor analysis is proposed for practical performance calculation of a three‐phase LSPMM. The general equation for the currents of the three‐phase LSPMM is derived from the transient impedance tensor expressed in polyphase symmetry axes, and the general equation for vibratory and nonvibratory torques is derived from the current equation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 185(4): 60–68, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21284     

Mover design and simulation of linear synchronous motor with half‐wave‐rectified self‐excitation

This paper presents a design method for a linear synchronous motor with half‐wave‐rectified self‐excitation; this method enables the construction of a motor with small thrust ripple. The mover of the motor is designed to be asymmetrical in order to reduce the thrust ripple. First, we design the configuration of the asymmetrical mover and the field winding of the mover by using the finite element method and a characteristic equation. The asymmetrical mover is built, and the thrust ripple reduction is verified by experiments. Next, the linear synchronous motor is modeled using a circuit simulator in order to confirm its high‐speed performance. The operation characteristics are clarified by simulation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 175(1): 43–52, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21051     

Power factor improvement of single‐phase diode rectifier circuit by field‐weakening of inverter‐driven IPM motor

This paper proposes a novel inverter drive system to improve the input power factor of single‐phase diode rectifier. Conventional rectifiers need a high‐frequency switching device and a reactor to improve the input power factor. However, the proposed power converter does not need the switching device, electrolytic capacitor, or reactor. By making many ripples across the DC‐bus voltage, the input power factor can be improved. The proposed system consists of only a single‐phase diode rectifier, small film capacitor, three‐phase inverter, and motor. The proposed system adopts an interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous motor. The IPM motor is well known as a high‐efficiency motor and can realize field weakening. The basic ideas of the inverter control method are based on the following operations: the inverter's controlled synchronous with the DC‐bus ripple voltage by field‐weakening method, and direct active power feeding from the source side to the motor without smoothing the DC‐bus voltage. This paper describes that the proposed method can obtain an input power factor of 97.3% by experimental tests, and realizes the goals of small size and long life of the system. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 152(2): 66–73, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20047     

转子绕组匝间短路故障谐波传递特征仿真

发电机转子绕组匝间短路时,其故障特征可以传递到励磁机励磁绕组上去。应用Matlab软件,对故障谐波传播效率受转子绕组感应电动势的幅值和频率的影响进行了仿真分析。     

Improvement of Three‐Phase Unbalance Due to Connection of Dispersed Generator by Damper Windings of Synchronous Generator

It is well known in the numerical simulations of a synchronous generator that the damper winding contributes to suppressing three‐phase circuit unbalance in power systems. However, an experimental study has not been performed yet. In this paper, we verify experimentally the suppression of three‐phase unbalance by the damper windings. In order to simulate the three‐phase unbalance, a 470‐W dispersed generator of single‐phase two‐line type was connected to a three‐phase laboratory‐scale power system that included a 6‐kVA synchronous generator. We measured and analyzed line voltages and currents as well as damper bar currents both with and without the dispersed generator. The influence of damper windings on the unbalance of the three‐phase circuit was also investigated. The results show that the damper winding contributes to improving the three‐phase unbalance. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 186(1): 43–50, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.22305     

每极每相槽数和相数对集中绕组无刷直流电动机反电动势的影响

提出了组合定子铁心集中绕组无刷直流电动机反电动势的分析方法,推导出了计算公式,得出了计算波形,并讨论了相数和每极每相槽数对反电动势的影响.     

带偶倍频反电势负载的偏磁消弧线圈数字励磁系统

分析了偶倍频反电势负载对三相整流的影响,采用数字信号处理器（DSP）作为控制芯片,实现了偏磁式消弧线圈的励磁电流的数字控制,通过PI调节器输出和触发角的线性化处理,并对励磁电流滤波、取平均值,消除了偶次谐波的影响,准确反映直流量,简化了程序,使励磁电流能快速跟踪给定;以现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）作为触发脉冲生成器,精确性高,并具有相序自适应性。     

Sensorless controls of salient‐pole permanent magnet synchronous motors using extended electromotive force models

In this paper, we propose a new mathematical model for synchronous motors and a sensorless control method based on it. To control permanent magnet synchronous motors, knowledge of rotor position and velocity are necessary. Heretofore, expensive sensors have been used to detect rotor position information. Although many sensorless control methods based on the electromotive force (EMF) have been developed for non‐salient‐pole permanent magnet motors, they cannot be applied for salient‐pole motors without approximation because of complications in the mathematical model; this is turn may lead to problems of instability. To solve this problem, we propose an extended electromotive force model for synchronous motors. The proposed model has a simple structure, making position estimation possible without approximation. Experimental results show that the proposed model and method are valid. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 146(3): 55–64, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10257     

无刷三相同步发电机内源滤波绕组设计原理

本文根据现代负载对无刷三相同步发电机电压波形需完美的正弦形的需要 ,提出一种新型内源三相滤波绕组概念及其设计原理。通过按此原理设计的二种新产品实例 ,其总谐波含量分别为 0 .64o o和 0 .2 o o均小于 1 o o,证明其设计原理是正确的 ,这种内源滤波效果是明显的     

Reduction of Vibration in Concentrated Winding Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor by Means of Skew Effects of Rotor

Global warming and the problem of successfully incorporating environmental safeguards are promoting the need for a more power‐efficient motor. Therefore, as a driving source, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) with concentrated winding are widely used in a variety of fields. However, a PMSM with a concentrated winding generates more vibration than one with a distributed winding because of the radial electromagnetic force. This paper describes the effect of a new skewed rotor on the characteristics of a concentrated winding PMSM. We investigated this effect by three‐dimensional finite element method (3D FEM) analysis and measurement. We also demonstrate that the proposed rotor is effective in reducing the radial electromagnetic force without decreasing motor efficiency. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 187(2): 33–43, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.22400     

励磁电流脉动对电枢绕组空载电压波形的影响

为了不影响齿谐波励磁的混合励磁永磁同步发电机的运行性能,需要正确处理好齿谐波磁场的利用与电枢绕组电压波形畸变两者之间的关系,此为利用齿谐波实现混合励磁的关键问题。应用电机理论定性分析了齿谐波励磁系统输出的励磁电流产生脉动的原因,以及该脉动电流产生的附加磁场在电枢绕组中感应谐波电动势的特点。采用在齿谐波励磁系统直流侧并联电容的方法,可以减小励磁电流的脉动,从而削弱其在电枢绕组中引起的谐波电动势。对一台齿谐波励磁的混合励磁永磁同步发电机进行了计算和实验,计算结果和实验结果的比较验证了理论分析的正确性。     

Basic principles and characteristics of hybrid excitation synchronous machine

Permanent magnet type synchronous machines have been widely used for industrial applications. It is commonly known that they are operated at high efficiency since no excitation input is required. However, it is difficult to control the air-gap magnetic flux, because the magnetic flux is determined by the property of the permanent magnet and approximately kept constant. On the other hand, synchronous machines with the field winding make it easy to control the air-gap magnetic flux. But the copper loss of the field winding becomes large at the rated load. In order to realize the magnetic flux control easily and improve the performance of the conventional synchronous machine, we propose a hybrid excitation type synchronous machine (HSY) with the permanent magnets and the field winding. Advantages of HSY are (1) it has no brushes (maintenance free), (2) required excitation input is small (high efficiency), (3) it is easy to get a sufficient magnetic flux control, and others. Therefore, HSY has a great possibility of use for various applications. In this paper, basic principles and characteristics of HSY are mainly discussed and made clear.     

A brushless three-phase synchronous motor using the armature winding as both load and DC excitation winding

This paper presents a new brushless three-phase synchronous motor which has no exciter. The technique applied to the motor provides an effective way for conventional brushless synchronous motors to simplify the system configuration. The stator of the motor is equipped with a double-star connected armature winding which has two neutral points. The rotor is a cylindrical one, which is equipped with a two-phase field winding. The field winding is connected with shaft-mounted rectifiers. A dc voltage is applied to the two neutral points of the armature winding to obtain the rotor excitation when the motor is operated at synchronous speed. At that time. the armature winding acts as a stator dc exciting winding while also acting as a load winding. In this paper the principle and characteristics of the motor are described. and the experimental results are shown. It is confirmed that with a 2-kW experimental machine, the proposed motor has good performance. For example, by adjusting the stator dc current, this motor power factor can easily be controlled within a wide range.     

A calculation method of equivalent circuit constants with mutual leakage reactance on synchronous machine with damper winding

The mutual leakage reactance between the d‐axis damper and field windings is ignored in the conventional d‐axis equivalent circuit. It has been pointed out that the calculated value of the field transient current differs considerably from the measured value when this reactance is not taken into account. A method to determine this reactance has been reported previously, but this method has problems concerning measurement precision. The authors have previously presented a calculation method for equivalent circuits, adapting a DC decay testing method, using two synchronous machines of the same specifications (one with damper winding, the other without). Yet, this method is not practical because of the use of two machines. This paper presents a calculation method for equivalent circuit constants taking into account the mutual leakage reactance to accurately represent the field transient current using a single machine. The proposed method determines equivalent circuit constants by calculating the physically correct d‐axis transient reactance from the operational impedances when the field winding is shorted and when the field winding is shorted with an external resistance. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by comparing the measured values with the calculated values of field and armature currents at sudden three‐phase short‐circuit. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(2): 71–78, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20891     

谐波励磁同步发电机负载谐波磁场分析

用有限元的计算方法对谐波励磁同步发电机进行电磁场计算及负载谐波磁场分析，得出样机的矢量磁位At、磁力线分布图和磁密分布图。根据处理计算结果，得到谐波励磁同步发电机的旋转磁场波形、谐波绕组电压波形和谐波绕组负载特性曲线。通过谐波励磁同步发电机上的实验结果与计算结果的比较说明了方法的正确性，为谐波励磁同步发电机的设计提供了理论依据。     

谐波励磁同步发电机空载谐波磁场分析

说明了利用ANSYS有限元分析软件的电磁分析功能对谐波励磁同步发电机空载谐波磁场进行分析,通过对谐波励磁同步发电机的电磁场进行计算,得出了样机的矢量磁位Az、磁力线分布图和磁密分布图。然后对电磁场的计算结果进行后处理,得出了谐波励磁同步发电机的旋转磁场波形、谐波绕组电压波形和谐波绕组空载特性曲线。最后用在谐波励磁同步发电机上的实验结果与计算结果的比较说明了方法的正确性,可为谐波励磁同步发电机的设计提供理论依据。     

Estimation of effective magnetic field in ferromagnetic alloys by magnetoacoustic effect

The magnetic field strength in a nickel rod with an applied uniform external field is studied by transmitting ultrasonic waves. In nondestructive testing (NDT), longitudinal plane waves are transmitted from an ultrasonic transducer to the object, which is characterized by alternating regions of compression and dilation. If the objects are ferromagnetic materials, the compression waves generate the magnetoelastic energy in magnetic substances, which are equivalent to the magnetic anisotropy field. This field passes through magnetic substances with the velocity of ultrasound and is observed as the electromotive force (emf) induced in the sensing coil. As the ultrasonic waves are transmitted continuously to a rod specimen, the ultrasonic stationary wave is formed in it and the high‐frequency magnetic field is generated in nodes of the stationary state by the inverse effect of magnetostriction, then the emf is induced in the nodes. In this paper the strength of the effective magnetic field in the nickel rod is estimated by measuring the electromotive force induced by ultrasonic waves passing through magnetic materials. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 140(1): 1–7, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10025     

Transient Study of Synchronous Machine Field Characteristic

The type of excitation systems mainly used for synchronous generators are the static excitation system and the blushless excitation system. In both cases, it is important to estimate the field characteristic. The authors derived about new knowledge of three‐phase sudden short circuit and mismatched synchronizing using the electromagnetic transients program (ATP‐EMTP). This paper studied these phenomena.