The Phospholipidomic Signatures of Human Blood Microparticles,Platelets and Platelet‐Derived Microparticles: a Comparative HILIC‐ESI–MS Investigation

The phospholipidomic signatures of human blood microparticles and platelets, evaluated by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization—mass spectrometry, were compared. The phospholipidome of platelet‐derived microparticles, obtained by platelets stimulation with a mixture of Ca(II), thrombin and collagen, was also considered for the comparison. Platelets, blood microparticles and platelet‐derived microparticles displayed qualitatively similar phospholipidomes, all based on eight major phospholipid classes, namely: phosphatidylcholines, diacyl‐ and plasme(a)nyl‐phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylinositols, sphingomyelins and lyso forms of phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines. However, while the phospholipidomes of platelets and platelet‐derived microparticles were found to be generally similar also from a quantitative point of view, a higher relative incidence of species bearing polyunsaturated side chains, especially in phospholipid classes sharing the choline head (i.e. phosphatidylcholines and lyso‐phosphatidylcholines), was observed in the case of blood microparticles. As a further peculiar feature, never reported before, the relative abundance of lyso‐phosphatidylcholines among the eight identified phospholipid classes was found to be significantly higher in the lipid extracts of blood microparticles.     

高效微型液相色谱与高温气相色谱联合测定润滑油族组成

采用填充毛细管液相色谱 (PC -HPLC)与高温毛细管气相色谱 (CGC)在线联用技术分析润滑油全组分。PC -HPLC柱 ( 0 .32mmi.d .)用于样品族分离 (烷烃、单环芳烃、双环芳烃、三环芳烃和胶质 )。经PC -HPLC分离后的各族组分被依次存放在多位储存接口内 ,然后分别转入GC作单个族组分的定量分析。该方法是解剖进口润滑油基础油及新产品开发中强有力的分析手段。     

The Contents of Lignans in Sesame Seeds and Commercial Sesame Oils of China

In this study, the concentrations of three lignans in 100 sesame seeds and 56 sesame oils were determined using a newly developed method based on high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with a UV/Vis detector. Total lignan contents in sesame seed and oil samples ranged from 2.52 to 12.76 and 3.38 to 11.53 mg/g, respectively. Black sesame seeds showed higher sesamin content (range 1.98–9.41 mg/g, mean 4.34 mg/g) and sesamolin content (range 1.06–3.35 mg/g, mean 1.92 mg/g) than the other three varieties of sesame seeds. Black sesame oils had higher contents of lignans than the white sesame oils, although remarkable differences were not observed. Hot pressed and small mill sesame oils expressed higher contents of sesamol, sesamin, and total lignans than the cold pressed and refined sesame oils. The results revealed that there is extensive variability in lignan concentration in sesame oils and seeds.     

A Comparative Study of O/W Nanoemulsions Using Extra Virgin Olive or Olive‐Pomace Oil: Impacts on Formation and Stability

Nanoemulsions are considered an innovative approach for industrial food applications. The present study explored the potential use of olive‐pomace oil (OPO) for oil‐in‐water (o/w) nanoemulsion preparations and compared the effectiveness of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and OPO at nanoemulsion formulations. The ternary‐phase diagrams were constructed and the o/w nanoemulsions properties were evaluated in relation to their composition. The results showed that it is possible to form OPO nanoemulsions using Polysorbate 20 or Polysorbate 40. Nanoemulsions with EVOO and OPO presented desirable properties, in terms of kinetic stability (emulsion stability index % [ESI%]), mean droplet diameter (MDD), polydispersity index (PDI), ζ‐potential, viscosity, and turbidity. EVOO exhibited lower surface and interfacial tension forming nanoemulsions with a high ESI% and a low MDD. However, OPO led to nanoemulsions with a high ESI% but with a higher MDD. It was observed that by increasing the emulsifier concentration the MDD decreased, while increasing the dispersed phase concentration led to a higher MDD and a lower ESI%. Finally, nanoemulsions with the smallest MDD (99.26 ± 4.20 nm) and PDI (0.236 ± 0.010) were formed using Polysorbate 40, which presented lower surface and interfacial tension. Specifically, the nanoemulsion with 6 wt% EVOO and 6 wt% Polysorbate 40 demonstrated an interfacial tension of 51.014 ± 0.919 mN m^?1 and an MDD of 99.26 ± 4.20 nm. However, the nanoemulsion with 6 wt% OPO and 8 wt% Polysorbate 20 presented an interfacial tension of 54.308 ± 0.089 mN m^?1 and an MDD of 340.5 ± 7.1 nm.     

Variability in Associations of Phosphatidylcholine Molecular Species with Metabolic Syndrome in Mexican–American Families

Plasma lipidomic studies using high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy offer detailed insights into metabolic processes. Taking the example of the most abundant plasma lipid class (phosphatidylcholines) we used the rich phenotypic and lipidomic data from the ongoing San Antonio Family Heart Study of large extended Mexican–American families to assess the variability of association of the plasma phosphatidylcholine species with metabolic syndrome. Using robust statistical analytical methods, our study made two important observations. First, there was a wide variability in the association of phosphatidylcholine species with risk measures of metabolic syndrome. Phosphatidylcholine 40:7 was associated with a low risk while phosphatidylcholines 32:1 and 38:3 were associated with a high risk of metabolic syndrome. Second, all the odd chain phosphatidylcholines were associated with a reduced risk of metabolic syndrome implying that phosphatidylcholines derived from dairy products might be beneficial against metabolic syndrome. Our results demonstrate the value of lipid species-specific information provided by the upcoming array of lipidomic studies and open potential avenues for prevention and control of metabolic syndrome in high prevalence settings.     

Characterization of Turkish Olive Oils by Triacylglycerol Structures and Sterol Profiles

A characterization study of Turkish monovarietal olive oils using chemical variables such as fatty acid, sn‐2 fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and sterol composition is presented. A total of 101 samples of Olea europaea L. fruits from 18 cultivars were collected for two crop years from west, south, and southeast regions of Turkey. Olives were processed to oil and olive oil samples were evaluated for their triacylglycerol structures and sterol composition. Oleic acid content ranged from 60.15 to 80.46 % of total fatty acids and represented 70.90–89.02 % of sn‐2 position triacylglycerols. Major triglycerides of oil samples were triolein, palmitodiolein, dioleolinolein, palmitooleolinolein, dipalmitoolein, and stearodiolein. Triolein values were between 24.72 and 48.64 % and compatible with the fatty acid composition. Total sterol content varied from 1,145.32 to 2,211.77 mg/kg and Edremit yagl?k stood out because of its high sterol content. A one‐way analysis of variance revealed significant differences for variables among cultivars. Principle component analysis enabled the classification of common varieties on the basis of analytical data. Sterol composition achieved more relevant discrimination than fatty acid and triglyceride composition. Classification according to geographical origin was performed by discriminant analysis.     

The Sterol and Erythrodiol + Uvaol Content of Virgin Olive Oils Produced in Five Olive-Growing Zones of Extremadura (Spain)

The content of sterols and erythrodiol + uvaol was studied in 273 virgin olive oil samples from 40 mills in five olive‐growing zones of Extremadura (Spain). An analysis of variance showed significant differences at a confidence level of 95 % between the different zones in each of the main sterols and in the sum of erythrodiol + uvaol. The results of a linear discriminant analysis, considering the different olive‐growing areas as categorical dependent variables and the different sterols as independent variables, explained 78.2 % of the variance with the first two discriminant functions. The resulting model correctly classified 86.9 % of the samples analysed. A validation study was conducted to verify the goodness of the discriminant analysis, resulting in 79.3 % of the new samples used for validation being correctly classified. In the graphical representation of the different groups studied considering the proposed model's first two discriminant functions, the centroids of the Sierra Norte de Cáceres, Vegas del Guadiana and Tierra de Barros olive‐growing zones were clearly separated, but this was not the case for the other two zones—La Serena and La Siberia.     

Quantitative Determination of Natural Glycolipids from Oil Seed by Automated High‐Performance Thin‐Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)

The role of glycolipids in vegetable oil refining and production of bio‐based fuels has not been disclosed so far. Such investigations required a reliable and reproducible quantitative determination of these compounds. Fundamental data were therefore established on the quantitative determination of glycolipids in vegetable oil gums by means of high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC). Concentrating on five abundant natural glycolipid classes found in these oils, identification of a suitable separation method for the employed glycolipid mixture and those parameters relevant for successful detection were considered in detail. The special importance of sample volume when employing quantitative HPTLC was discussed. Acetone/chloroform/water 6:3:0.4 (v/v/v) was identified as a convenient mobile phase for the investigated issue. A derivatization reagent comprising methanol, copper(II)sulfate pentahydrate, sulfuric acid 98 %, and phosphoric acid 85 % was identified. Subsequent heating at 135 °C for 10 min finished the derivatization and enabled detection at λ = 370 nm. Calibration curves ranging from 1500 to 31.25 ng/mL, regarding both peak area and peak height, were determined. The good correlation of parameters enabled the application of the method to real oil gum samples from sunflower and soybean oil. This revealed that digalactosyldiglycerides in combination with either sterylglucosides or acylated sterylglucosides represented the major glycolipid classes in these oils.     

对甲苯磺酸的高效液相色谱分析

建立了高效液相色谱测定对甲苯磺酸纯度的方法.色谱柱为ODS柱;流动相为水-乙腈-磷酸溶液(体积比为46.7:53.15:0.15),流速0.8 mL/min;紫外检测波长为254 nm;柱温为30 ℃;对甲苯磺酸的质量浓度为22.62～362.00 mg/L时,峰面积与质量浓度具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 ...     

High-temperature gradient HPLC for the separation of polyethylene–polypropylene blends

A high-temperature gradient HPLC method has been developed for the analysis of polyethylene–polypropylene blends. For the first time it was possible to separate these polyolefin blends by a chromatographic technique which is operating at 140 °C. Blends of a commercial polypropylene and a medium molar mass linear polyethylene were separated using a mobile phase of ethylene glycol monobutylether (EGMBE) and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) and silica gel as the stationary phase. With the use of n-decanol as sample solvent, a precipitation–redissolution mechanism for polyethylene (PE) was established while polypropylene (PP) is eluted in size exclusion mode.     

高效液相色谱法测定含 DIANP 的发射药组分

采用高效液相色谱法测定含１，５－二叠氮基－３－硝基－３－氮杂戊烷的发射药组分。使用烷基柱及乙腈－甲醇－水或甲醇－水混合流动相，可测定ＤＩＡＮＰ、黑索今、硝化甘油、二硝基甲苯和中定剂。     

甲拌膦高效液相色谱检测方法研究

目的探讨高效液相色谱法检测甲拌膦的方法。方法采用不同的流动相、检测波长等反复测定甲拌膦的峰面积与峰高,按照规定的标准方法对本试验条件检测甲拌膦的检测限、线性范围与产品及加标回收率的实验。结果在流动相乙腈+水(85+15)、205 nm波长,甲拌膦在5.1 min附近产生一灵敏色谱峰,线性范围为:0.02~2.5μg,检出限为:0.005μg。结论高效液相色谱在一定条件下测定甲拌膦的含量效果理想。     

高效液相色谱质谱联用鉴别口服疫苗中硫柳汞降解产物

目的采用高效液相色谱质谱联用的方法鉴别口服疫苗中硫柳汞的降解产物。方法采用C18色谱柱,甲醇-醋酸铵缓冲溶液(pH 4.5)梯度洗脱,以紫外和质谱检测器进行检测,对某口服疫苗中的未知色谱峰进行鉴别。结果疫苗样品中两个色谱峰的保留时间及其一级二级质谱图与硫柳汞的降解产物硫代水杨酸以及2,2’-二硫代二苯甲酸基本一致。结论高效液相色谱质谱联用可鉴别口服疫苗中的硫柳汞降解产物。     

HPLC测定不同产地天麻中天麻素天麻苷元含量

结合31个不同产地天麻中天麻素和天麻苷元,综合评价昭通天麻质量。色谱条件:色谱柱为MD-ODS C18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈-0.05%磷酸溶液(3:97);等度洗脱;柱温35℃;进样量20μl;检测波长220nm。昭通彝良龙安乡沟口天麻天麻素含量最高,昭通彝良小草坝杨家地天麻天麻苷元含量最高。昭通天麻在天麻素和天麻苷元含量上,尤其是天麻苷元含量,较外省天麻有一定优势。     

High trans,trans Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Rich Triacylglyceride Production by Photo-Irradiation

Recent studies have shown that a 20 % trans,trans conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)‐rich soy oil significantly reduces heart disease and diabetes risk factors in obese rats. Furthermore, trans,trans‐CLA has been reported to have superior anti‐carcinogenic activity than other CLA isomers. Therefore, a more concentrated source of trans,trans‐CLA oil would be highly desirable. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the yield of trans,trans‐CLA isomers resulting from photo‐irradiation of Tonalin^® (BASF Global, Florham Park, NJ, USA) and identify trans,trans‐CLA positional isomers; and (2) derive a mathematical model of kinetics of trans,trans‐CLA TAG formation from Tonalin^®. Fifty‐five percent trans,trans‐CLA rich oil was obtained in about 140 min when Tonalin^® was photo‐isomerized with 0.35 % iodine, which is almost three times more than is possible with photo‐isomerized soy oil. Photo‐isomerization of Tonalin^® requires about 2 h, compared to 12 h for photo‐isomerization of soy oil. This reaction is a first‐order reversible reaction with the forward rate constant (k_f) = 13.17 × 10^?3min^?1 and backward rate constant (k_b) = 5.334 × 10^?3min^?1. The major isomers identified were trans‐9,trans‐11‐ and trans‐10,trans‐12‐CLA.