气相色谱-质谱法定性定量测定糜子中的脂肪酸

采用气相色谱-质谱法对糜子中脂肪酸进行定性、定量分析。结果共鉴定出14 种脂肪酸,相对含量为96.9%,其中不饱和脂肪酸8 种（64.533%）,主要有亚油酸（12.371%）、油酸（44.157%）、亚麻酸（1.173%）等。可见糜子中脂肪酸主要以不饱和脂肪酸为主,是优质脂肪酸。通过回归方程计算得出：糜子中棕榈酸、油酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸的含量分别为100.261、165.309、23.402、52.181、17.516 mg/100 g。通过与其他杂粮进行比较,结果表明糜子和小米、高粱、小麦、燕麦、水稻一样均含有硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和棕榈酸等,不饱和脂肪酸含量高,富含亚油酸和亚麻酸;本研究可为糜子品质的进一步开发和研究提供理论依据。     

新疆野蔷薇种子油的脂肪酸组成分析

采用超声辅助提取法提取野蔷薇种子油,以气相色谱-质谱联用技术对油脂进行脂肪酸组成分析.结果表明:野蔷薇种子油中的主要脂肪酸为棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸占总量的92.41%;主要成分棕榈酸占5.88%,油酸占12.39%,亚油酸占56.52%,亚麻酸占23.50% .     

Total lipid content and fatty acid composition of the seeds of some Vicia L. species

The seed oils of eight Vicia species (Leguminosae) were investigated for their total lipid contents and fatty acid compositions. The seed lipid contents were found to be between 2.30 and 3.91%. The fatty acid compositions of these eight different species were determined by gas chromatography of the methyl esters of their fatty acids. The seed oils of Vicia species contain palmitic and stearic acids as the major component fatty acids, among the saturated acids, with a small amounts of myristic, pentadecanoic, arachidic and behenic acids. The major unsaturated fatty acids found in the seed oils were oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids.     

Total lipids content and fatty acid composition of seed oils from six pomegranate cultivars

The fatty acid composition of the seed oils of six pomegranate (Punica granatum L) cultivars was qualitatively and quantitatively determined by gas chromatography. The seeds contained oil in the range 51-152 mg kg^?1 dry matter. Intervarietal differences in fatty acid composition were demonstrated (fatty acid esters as % (w/w) total fatty acid esters. Sour varieties had the highest while sour-sweet varieties had the lowest oil content. Eleven fatty acids were identified. In all varieties, the predominant fatty acids were linoleic (25.2-38.6%) and oleic acid (24.8-35.5%) followed by palmitic (18.2-22.6%), stearic (6.9-10.4%) and linolenic acid (0.6-9.9%). To a lesser extent arachidic (1.1-3.4%) and palmitoleic acid (0.2-2.7%) were also found in all varieties. Lauric, myristic, behenic and lignoceric acids were rarely detected. As far as we know linolenic (18:3), arachidic (20:0), behenic (22:0) or lignoceric (24:0) acids have not been previously reported in the seed oils of edible pomegranate varieties. Lignoceric acid has not previously been found in pomegranate seed oil.     

Seed oils of apples (Malus pumila)

Apple seed oils were found to be characterised by a high content of linoleic acid (48–64 %), together with 24–42 % oleic acid, 48–71 % palmitic acid and lesser percentages of stearic and arachidic acids. The Granny Smith seed oils contained significantly greater amounts of palmitic and linoleic acids than those of the Dougherty and Sturmer varieties and lesser amounts of oleic acid. Differences in fatty add composition between the Sturmer and Dougherty varieties were not significant. The apple seed oils contrasted with those of other sub-families of the family Rosaceae in containing neither a-elaeostearic acid nor more than traces of linolenic acid. The apple processing industries could well be a useful source for the production of oil rich in linoleic acid.     

Capillary gas chromatography analysis of Ethiopian mustard to determine variability of fatty acid composition

Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) is an oil crop grown in Ethiopia. However, the oil is considered low quality, as it contains long chain monounsaturated fatty acids, mainly erucic acid. High erucic acid content is beneficial for the polymer industry, whereas low erucic acid is recommended for food purposes. Both linoleic and linolenic acids are essential fatty acids; however, less than 3% linolenic acid is preferred for oil stability. The objectives of this study were to determine fatty acid composition of Ethiopian mustard to determine the range of genetic diversity for these traits. The genotypes were analysed by capillary gas chromatography (CGC). Twenty‐six fatty acids were identified. In all accessions, the predominant fatty acids were erucic, linoleic, α‐linolenic and oleic, followed by gadoleic and palmitic. To a lesser extent stearic, vaccinic, nervonic and behenic acids were found in all accessions. Significant correlations were found between palmitic acid and stearic acid (positive), between erucic acid and palmitic, stearic, vaccinic, oleic, linoleic and α‐linolenic acids (negative) and eicosenoic acid (positive). Selection and hybridization techniques can be applied to modify the oil content of Ethiopian mustard, considering the variability observed. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

GC-TOF-MS定性和定量评估5 种木本油料种籽油的脂肪酸

采用气相色谱-飞行时间串联质谱和超临界二氧化碳提取技术,分析评价5 种木本油料种籽油的脂肪酸组成及相对含量。油茶和榛子种籽油中富含油酸,亚油酸是沙棘和文冠果种籽油中的主要脂肪酸,牡丹种籽油中的亚麻酸含量最高。沙棘种籽油的单不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸比值为1.57：1,亚油酸与亚麻酸的比值为1.56：1,符合功能性健康食用油的标准;牡丹种籽油是补充人体ω-3脂肪酸的优质食用油;油茶和榛子种籽富含单不饱和脂肪酸,适合食品加工;文冠果种籽油含有3 种长链单不饱和脂肪酸（如神经酸等）。本实验评价了5 种木本油料油脂脂肪酸的组分,对指导企业生产生物活性油和人们的健康消费具有重要意义。     

Assessment and profiling of the fatty acids in two ackee fruit (Blighia sapida Köenig) varieties during different ripening stages

BACKGROUND: The ripening of fruits is characterized by physical, chemical and biochemical compositional changes such as color, sugars and phenolic compounds. Ackee fruit is famous in Jamaica and the Caribbean. This study aimed to assess the variation of fatty acids in two varieties (cheese and butter) ackee (Blighia sapida) fruits during five different ripening stages. RESULTS: The total fatty acid content of ackee fruit was much higher in arils and ranged from 283.4 to 465.1 g kg^?1 dry weight (DW), while in husk they ranged from 235.2 to 465.1 g kg^?1 DW in both varieties. Total fatty acid content declined in the arils and the husks as the fruit ripened. Five major fatty acids were found: palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2) and linolenic acid (C18:3). In the arils, oleic acid was found at the highest concentration, followed by palmitic, stearic, linoleic and last linolenic acid. The unsaturated:saturated ratio of fatty acids varied from 1.23 to 3.26 in the arils of both varieties, and from 1.03 to 5.05 in the husk. Monounsaturated:polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged from 8.56 to 25.19 in the arils and from 0.62 to 2.33 in the husk. CONCLUSION: The results show that ackee arils contain much higher levels of fats than the husk and the major fatty acid in the arils was oleic acid (Δ9‐cis‐oleic acid, an omega n‐9), while in the husk unsaturated fatty acids were higher than the saturated ones. Oleic acid was the major fatty acid in both varieties, and aril fatty acid content was 10–20 times higher than in the husk. In both varieties, unsaturated fatty acids were relatively higher than saturated ones; however, total fatty acids showed a decline with ripening for arils and husk tissues. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

GLC-MS Analysis of Fatty Acids From Five Black Walnut Cultivars

The lipids from kernels of five black walnut cultivars were extracted by solvent extraction and the fatty acids were analyzed as their methyl esters by GLC-MS analyses. Twenty-one fatty acids were identified in each cultivar. Five acids, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic, were present in quantities greater than 1% of total lipids present. Quantities of the individual fatty acids varied significantly among cultivars (P > 0.05) except for palmitic. Linoleic was the predominant fatty acid in all cultivars. Oleic and linoleic comprised greater than 85% of the lipids present in the walnut kernels.     

12株油茶种仁含油率及脂肪酸组成分析

测定名邛台地(四川省境内的名山、邛崃、蒲江一带)的12株野生油茶的产量和种仁含油率,采用气相色谱法(GC)对油茶籽油脂肪酸组成进行分析,并对主要脂肪酸组成间进行相关性分析。结果表明:不同油茶的产量和种仁含油率存在差异,单株产量为12.95~54.00 kg,种仁含油率为37.04%~45.56%;油茶籽油脂肪酸组成以油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸为主;各脂肪酸含量之间存在密切的相关性,油酸与亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸呈极显著负相关,关系最密切的是油酸和亚油酸,其相关系数达到-0.829;根据产量、种仁含油率和脂肪酸组成筛选出的川雅31、川雅21、川雅28、川雅20可作为进一步培育优良品种的材料。     

紫云英籽油超声-微波协同提取及脂肪酸组成分析

采用超声-微波协同提取法提取紫云英籽油并测定其脂肪酸组成。在单因素实验的基础上,采用响应面(RSM)分析法,对紫云英籽油提取条件进行优化,并用气相色谱 ( GC) 分析了紫云英籽油脂肪酸组成。结果表明,对紫云英油的提取影响由大到小依次为提取时间、液料比、微波功率。超声-微波协同提取法提取紫云英籽油的优化工艺条件为：提取时间152 s、微波功率204 W和液料比10 mL.g^-1 ,紫云英籽油的出油率为31.52%。紫云英籽油达到食用植物油国家标准。紫云英籽油共检测到20种脂肪酸,主要成分为油酸(13.24%)、亚油酸(37.58%)、亚麻酸(30.03%)、硬脂酸(3.48%)、棕榈酸(10.56%)、芥酸(1.11%)。其中不饱和脂肪酸相对含量为82.83%。亚油酸与α-亚麻酸的比值为1.25。本研究为紫云英籽油的开发利用提供了科学依据和技术参考。     

Composition of the seed oil of Phalarzs canarienszs

The component fatty acids of the seed oil of Phalaris canuriensis are palmitic, oleic and linoleic with smaller amounts of stearic and linolenic, and a trace of myristic acid. β-Sitosterol was also identified.     

气相色谱法测定脂肪酸含量判定山茶油纯度

利用气相色谱法,对山茶油掺入大豆油、菜籽油、玉米油和葵花籽油的掺伪油进行脂肪酸组成分析。结果表明:油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸可作为鉴别山茶油中掺伪大豆油和菜籽油的特征脂肪酸,棕榈酸、油酸和亚油酸可作为鉴别山茶油中掺伪玉米油和葵花籽油的特征脂肪酸;回归预测模型相关系数(R^2)较高(> 0. 99),可分别检出掺伪量4%的大豆油和菜籽油,掺伪量8%的玉米油和葵花籽油,回收率在96. 56%~112. 88%之间。该方法灵敏度高,定量准确,可为掺伪山茶油纯度鉴别及调和山茶油配比的定量分析提供科学依据。     

不同物种茶油脂肪酸组成及其在Sn-2位上的分布

试验以十五烷酸为内标,定量分析9种不同物种茶油的脂肪酸组成;用胰脂肪酶专一性地水解茶油甘油三酯中Sn-1和Sn-3位上的脂肪酸,并经薄层层析分离出Sn-2位甘一酯,采用气相色谱仪对Sn-2位脂肪酸组成进行测定。结果表明:9个不同物种茶油主要由棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸5种脂肪酸组成,浙江红花油茶的油酸和不饱和脂肪酸的含量最高,分别为82.79g/100g和84.77g/100g;且脂肪酸之间存在一定的相关性;Sn-2位上的脂肪酸主要为油酸和亚油酸,短柱茶在Sn-2位的油酸和不饱和脂肪酸含量最高,分别为82.96%,92.89%。表明茶油是一种不饱和脂肪酸含量高且容易被人体消化吸收的油脂。     

牡丹籽油化学成分GC-MS分析

牡丹种籽经石油醚-乙酸乙酯(7:1)索氏提取,三氟化硼甲醇甲酯化后,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对牡丹籽油组分进行分析;共鉴定37种成分,主要为亚麻酸、油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸占总量83.42%,饱和脂肪酸占14.662%。     

刺梨籽油中脂肪酸成分的GC-MS分析

用超临界CO2流体提取刺梨籽油,经甲酯化处理,用气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)联用技术对其脂肪酸的组成进行了分析和鉴定,并用面积归一化法测定了各种成分的质量分数。共分离鉴定了10种脂肪酸:含有4种饱和脂肪酸,占脂肪酸总量的14.91%,其中以棕榈酸(8.54%)、硬脂酸(4.42%)为主;含有6种不饱和脂肪酸,占总脂肪酸总量的83.64%,其中亚油酸(41.68%)、亚麻酸(25.44%)、油酸(12.74%)为主。刺梨籽油可作为一种富含不饱和脂肪酸的功能性油脂,该分析结果可为刺梨籽油的开发利用提供理论依据。     

Composition of the lipids of lupin seed (Lupinus angustifolius L. var. “uniwhite”)

The total lipids (8.6%) extracted from whole lupin seeds (Lupinus angustifolius L. var. “Uniwhite”) were found to be comprised of triglycerides (71.1%), phospho-lipids (14.9%), free sterols (5.2%), glycolipids (3.5%), sterol and wax esters (0.5%), free alcohols (0.4%), hydrocarbons (0.4%) and unidentified waxy material (4.0%). The main fatty acids in the total lipid extract were linoleic (48.3%), oleic (31.2%), palmitic (7.6%) and linolenic (5.4%). Erucic acid was not present, nor were cyclopropenoid acids. Seed coatings constituted 23.9% of the weight of the whole seeds and contained 1.5% lipids, the main classes of which were triglycerides (38.4%), free sterols (28.0%), phospholipids (9.7%), glycolipids (9.1%) and free alcohols (3.7%). The seed coatings and kernels contained the same fatty acid constituents, but the proportions of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids were markedly different. β-Carotene was present, although at low concentration. When evaluated on its lipid composition, “Uniwhite” lupin seed appears suitable as a supplement for pig, poultry and stock feeding.     

八角金盘籽油和果油的超声波-微波协同提取及其脂肪酸组成比较

采用微波-超声协同提取法,通过正交优化制备八角金盘籽油和果油,并比较两种油脂的理化特性和脂肪酸组成。结果表明：提取时间90 s、微波功率250 W、液料比10 mL/g 时,籽油出油率为34.43%;提取时间150 s、微波功率250 W、液料比10 mL·g-1 时,果油出油率为11.32%。籽油出油率明显比果油高。两种油脂除碘值外,其他理化指标差异不明显,其理化指标均达到GB / T 2716-2018食用植物油国家标准。籽油的主要脂肪酸为十五碳一烯酸(3.08%)、亚油酸(7.04%)、油酸(87.42%),其中不饱和脂肪酸相对含量为98.64%;果油的主要脂肪酸为花生酸(0.96%)、亚麻酸(1.71%)、硬脂酸(3.25%)、棕榈酸(5.08%)、油酸(25.96%)、亚油酸(61.61%),不饱和脂肪酸含量为89.52%。本研究为八角金盘油脂的开发利用提供了科学依据和技术参考。     

Fatty acid composition of seed oil of different Sorghum bicolor varieties

In order to find out new sources of premium quality edible oil in the country, seeds of ten varieties of Sorghum bicolor were initially analyzed for their total oil contents. The seed oil was later fractionated into eight fatty acids including two new saturated fatty acids. The oil contents were determined by Soxhlet method and compared with the results obtained by NMR analysis. The total oil contents in the seeds of sorghum ranged from 5.0 to 8.2 % (w/w), indicating non significant difference obtained by two different techniques. The results revealed that oleic acid (31.12–48.99%), Palmitoleic acid (0.43–0.56%), linoleic acids (27.59–50.73%), linolenic acid (1.71–3.89%), stearic acid (1.09–2.59%) and palmitic acid (11.73–20.18%) was present in the seed oil of different sorghum varieties when analyzed by GC–MS. It was observed that in most of the varieties polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were higher than monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The two atypical SFAs, octanedioic (C8:0) and azelaic acid (C9:0) were found in some varieties. These results suggest that these S. bicolor varieties could be additional sources of edible oil due to presence of clinically important saturated and high concentration of unsaturated fatty acids. A large scale production of the seed oil after refining process can contribute towards alleviation of edible oil shortage in the country with increased use of premium quality oil.     

省沽油种子油中脂肪酸的GC-MS分析

用二氯甲烷提取省沽油种子油,并进行皂化、甲酯化,用GC-MS对省沽油种子油中的脂肪酸组成进行了分析,并对野生与种植两种省沽油种子油中的脂肪酸种类与含量进行了对比.结果表明,省沽油种子油中含多种脂肪酸(共检出20种),主要是亚油酸、亚麻酸、油酸和棕榈酸,其中亚油酸含量分别为48.50%(野生)和57.60%(种植),亚麻酸含量为8.86%(野生)和10.12%(种植), 不饱和脂肪酸总量为70.22%(野生)和80.31%(种植).野生与种植两种省沽油种子油中的脂肪酸种类基本相同,但种植的种子油中不饱和脂肪酸含量比野生的高10.09%.