真空断路器的永磁操动机构

永磁操动机构是新一代真空断路器的操作系统,是由机械操动向电子操动转变的关键。首先,通过分析典型永磁操动系统等效电路,在一定的冗余下优化励磁电流波形,使所需的脉冲功率最小;然后对永磁操动机构的使用可靠性问题,即能源部分的失效问题、控制部分的电磁兼容问题和磁系统的磁性能劣化问题进行了讨论。     

真空断路器永磁操动机构的应用与发展

根据我国配电网供电对高压断路器的质量和性能要求,阐述了永磁操动机构的工作原理、永磁操动机构与真空断路器的配合特点,以及中压断路器操动机构的现状和我国对永磁机构真空断路器的研发情况.     

Electromagnetic analysis coupled with motion for high‐speed circuit breakers of eddy current repulsion using the tableau approach

Electromagnetic field analysis coupled with motion using the tableau approach has been applied to high‐speed circuit breakers of eddy current repulsion mechanisms. This breaker has an opening time of 1 ms and break time less than 1 cycle (20 ms). The driving part of the breaker is composed of electromagnetic repulsion mechanisms and disk springs with nonlinear characteristics. The mechanisms are composed of two fixed coils and one repulsion plate. A numeric experiment has been applied to investigate the dynamic behavior of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism using the equivalent circuit method. Calculation results were in good agreement with both measurement results and calculation results by FEM on an experimental model. In addition, repulsive forces depending on material conductivities have been researched. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 152(4): 8–16, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20149     

Development of 72‐kV high‐pressure air‐insulated GIS with vacuum circuit breaker

SF₆ gas has excellent dielectric strength and interruption performance. For these reasons, it has been widely used for gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS). However, use of SF₆ gas has become regulated under agreements set at the 1997 COP3. Thus, investigation and development for GIS with a lower amount of SF₆ gas are being carried out worldwide. Presently, SF₆‐free GIS has been commercialized for the 24‐kV class. Air or N₂ gas is used as the insulation gas for this GIS. On the other hand, SF₆‐free GIS has not been commercialized for the 72‐kV‐class GIS. The dielectric strengths of air and N₂ gas are approximately one‐third that of SF₆ gas. To enhance the insulation performance of air and N₂ we have investigated a hybrid gas insulation system which has the combined features of providing an insulation coating and suitable insulation gas. We have developed the world's first 72‐kV SF₆‐free GIS. This paper deals with key technologies for SF₆‐free GIS, such as the hybrid insulation structure, a bellows for the high‐pressure vacuum circuit breaker, a newly designed disconnector and spacer, and prevention of particle levitation. Test results of the 72‐kV high‐pressure air‐insulated GIS with the vacuum circuit breaker are described. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 157(4): 13–23, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20451     

真空断路器用作发电机出口断路器的探讨

以Siemens公司生产的3AH真空断路器为例,对真空断路器的技术特点进行总结,并对其用作发电机出口断路器的情况进行分析,认为其具有高可靠性、免维护、长寿命、经济性好等优点,技术上能够满足作为发电机出口断路器的要求,值得推广用作发电机出口断路器。     

LW11-252型SF6高压断路器在线监测系统的开发

指出目前断路器在线监测和诊断技术存在的问题.在对SF6断路器状态参数进行实时监测的同时,总结出适用于LW11-252型SF6高压断路器在线监测的方法,介绍了该监测系统的开发原理及系统构成.以合、分闸线圈电流、触头行程-时间持性曲线及触头寿命为系统监测参数,介绍了断路器故障的分析与预测方法.     

Relationship between current waveform just before current zero and interruption ability of high‐speed VCB

A high‐speed vacuum circuit breaker which forces the fault current to zero was investigated. The test circuit breaker consisted of a vacuum interrupter and a high‐frequency current source. A vacuum interrupter with an axial magnetic field electrode and a disk‐shaped electrode was tested. The arcing period of the high‐speed vacuum circuit breaker is much shorter than that of a conventional circuit breaker. The arc behavior of the test electrodes immediately after the contact separation was observed by a high‐speed video recorder. The relation between the current waveform just before the current zero point and the interruption ability was investigated experimentally by varying the high‐frequency current source. The results demonstrate the interruption ability and the arc behavior of the high‐speed vacuum circuit breaker. Effective current interruption is made possible by a low current period just before the current zero point, even though the arcing time is short and the arc is concentrated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 172(2): 20–27, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20915     

日本真空断路器的发展与现状

由于真空断路器具有开断大电流、体积小、成本低等许多优点，势必取得越来越广泛的应用。介绍了真空断路器在日本的发展，叙述了其发展的成果以及21世纪工程发展的主题，包括：物资的回收。人类的安全及真空断路器的无火灾等特点。展现了日本真空断路器的发展趋势及目前的应用。     

高压真空断路器若干问题的建议

介绍高压真空断路器经常出现的一些故障及解决方法，阐述了高压真空断路器特性及应用情况，对应用中的一些问题作了分析，并对具体问题提出了改进的建议。     

高压断路器的抗震性能分析

高压电瓷型电气设备的地震易损性极高,而抗震研究较少.选取一种在500 kV线路中常用的瓷柱式FS6断路器,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对其进行自振特性分析;并用反应谱法对其进行抗震性能分析.结果表明:该设备强度可抵抗8度地震,9度时不满足强度要求.还提出了模型建立过程中应注意的问题,并提出了几点展望.为电瓷型电气设备的减隔震设计提供理论参考.     

高压断路器永磁电机机构及控制系统设计

为实现126 k V高压真空断路器的智能化操作,满足断路器分合闸速度要求,提出一种新型的断路器分合闸电机操动机构及控制系统。结合126 k V高压真空断路器的负载特性,在分析表贴式、燕尾槽表贴埋入型、直线内嵌型和外V内嵌型4种电机转子后,提出了一种多槽双层表贴埋入式定子及转子永磁电机设计方案,并设计了以数字信号处理器为核心的硬件控制装置。开展126 k V高压真空断路器的联机实验,结果表明,采用上述操动机构及控制系统能够满足126 k V高压真空断路器分合闸速度指标的要求,且分合闸时间具有良好的稳定性。     

真空断路器的结构及故障分析诊断方法

文章介绍了目前市场上最新型国产真空断路器的结构形式种类及故障诊断的方法。     

DC interruption characteristic of vacuum circuit breaker

A high‐speed vacuum circuit breaker (HSVCB) has been investigated. HSVCB makes high‐frequency current superimposed on a fault current so that the current is forced to be zero and is interrupted. Its interruption performance is considered to be dependent on the rate of change of the current (di/dt). As a fundamental research, we investigated the di/dt– dv/dt characteristics and the insulation recovery characteristic after interrupting the counter‐pulse current for various contact materials of AgWC, CuW, and CuCr. The results revealed that the case where the gap length is larger is better in a current interruption performance. Moreover, it was found that di/dt is not dependent on the insulation recovery characteristics, but the magnitude of interruption current is of great influence. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 161(1): 17– 25, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20362     

真空断路器触头弹跳性能分析

触头的弹跳性能是真空断路器稳定工作的重要指标之一，通过对VS1—12型真空断路器（配用永磁操动机构）的分合闸弹跳性能进行理论和试验分析，得出了其产生弹跳的原因及处理的基本方法。     

SF6断路器综合在线监测系统的开发

SF6高压断路器综合在线监测系统可以同时对多组断路器运行时的相关参数进行全面测量,为故障的综合诊断提供依据.在对SF6断路器运行状态进行实时监测的同时,通过建立数据库,实现对断路器在线监测数据的历史和横向的管理,有利于断路器在线监测信息共享,具有用户界面友好,易于维护等特点.     

12kV真空断路器半双稳态永磁机构的设计

应用于真空断路器的永磁操动机构一般分为双稳态和单稳态永磁机构。对于单稳态永磁机构,通过调整分闸弹簧在分闸位的预拉力,可以实现对分闸特性的调节。增大预拉力可以缩短分闸时间,降低分闸弹跳,但预拉力过大会导致合闸状态时的保持合力减小,可能造成合闸的不可靠,也会对合闸动态特性造成不利影响,如合闸时间增加等。本文提出了应用于12kV真空断路器的半双稳态永磁机构的设计方法,该机构在分闸状态由较小的永磁保持力和弹簧力共同实现分闸保持。分闸位保持力大有助于抑制分闸弹跳,同时永磁保持力在动铁芯离开分闸位置后迅速减小,对合闸保持以及合闸动态特性几乎没有不利影响。利用Ansoft Maxwell软件建立永磁机构模型,进行静态和动态的仿真。根据设计结果制作实际样机,对其进行测试,实验结果验证了设计与仿真的正确性。     

ZN-65真空断路器故障分析及改造

为解决某ZN-65型真空断路器在运行过程中的频发故障,经全面分析该断路器操动机构的构造特点,根据故障特点提出具体解决方案并详尽描述实施改造过程。通过改造断路器操动机构,机构储能即合闸、一合即跳的现象基本消除。改造后取得良好效果,保证了电气设备安全运行。     

关于低压断路器限流技术的应用及其它

论述了低压断路器的限流技术:限流线、限流电阻、平衡导体产生的斥(吸)力、双断点、双灭弧室的原理(机理),并对当前断路器VJC技术和产气材料的应用作了介绍。     

真空断路器投切并联电抗器试验研究

为探明真空断路器投切并联电抗器时产生过电压的情况,并比较保护措施的效果,在运行电网上,对10kV真空断路器投切并联电抗器的实际运行进行了试验,在理论上进行了定性分析。证实：真空断路器投切电抗器时,将产生较高的过电压。为限制过电压,除按目前通行的措施安装氧化锌避雷器保护外,加装阻容吸收保护装置将更为有效。最后建议盘、柜制造厂宜生产投切并联电抗器专用的真空断路器柜,以备电力用户选用。     

ZN63A型真空断路器二次控制回路的改进

ZN63A型真空断路器所附带防跳继电器线圈KO,在特定条件下被绿色信号灯LD保持住及与跳位继电器线圈TWJ互相电磁干扰严重,无法实现重复合闸操作等问题。采取相应的改进方法,满足了高压开关柜二次控制的合理要求,可在电网运行中可靠地控制电能分配。