Nd:YAG激光与半导体激光复合焊接对铝合金焊缝组织和性能的影响

目的 提高铝合金的焊缝抗拉强度,解决铝合金焊接过程中的裂纹缺陷。方法 采用脉冲Nd:YAG激光与半导体激光复合焊接铝合金,先用Nd:YAG激光形成焊接熔池,然后用半导体激光对熔池进行加热保温,获得无裂纹的焊缝,并对焊缝进行抗拉强度测试。结果 与单独的Nd:YAG激光焊接相比,Nd:YAG激光与半导体激光复合焊接的铝合金焊缝抗拉强度提高了50%,达到193MPa,为母材抗拉强度的90%。结论 2束激光的结合延长了熔池的冷却凝固时间,从而有效避免了热裂纹,减少了焊接缺陷,提高了焊接质量。     

一种新型核级奥氏体不锈钢焊接接头的晶间腐蚀研究

利用"不锈钢硫酸-硫酸铜腐蚀实验"、光学显微镜和扫描电镜等测试方法分别对未敏化和经敏化处理(650℃×100 h)的800H和新型Cr18Ni30Mo2Al3Nb合金焊接接头的抗晶间腐蚀性能进行研究,结果表明,800H和Cr18Ni30Mo2Al3Nb接头焊缝组织均为单一的奥氏体基体,800H合金中TiN缺陷处易引起点蚀,而Cr18Ni30Mo2Al3Nb无明显点蚀现象;对比腐蚀失重、腐蚀深度等实验结果,未敏化和敏化态Cr18Ni30Mo2Al3Nb焊接接头的抗晶间腐蚀性能明显优于相同状态的800H。     

奥氏体不锈钢焊缝金属—196℃低温冲击韧性工艺性试验

为了提高奥氏体不锈钢焊缝金属在深冷低温条件下的冲击韧性,根据若干焊接工艺性试验,讨论了在－ 196℃条件下,碳、氢、铁素体对奥氏体不锈钢焊缝金属低温冲击性能的影响,并且提出了焊材选择的几点建议。     

凝胶燃烧法合成Nd：YAG纳米陶瓷粉体

凝胶燃烧法具有合成温度低、所得粉体分散性好等优点。以金属硝酸盐为原料,采用凝胶燃烧法合成出多晶Nd：YAG陶瓷粉体。对四种不同的燃烧助剂（尿素、氨基乙酸、乙二醇、柠檬酸）制备的粉体的形貌和分散状况进行了比较,并对其原因进行了分析。借助于TG—DTA、XRD、SEM等表征手段,重点对筛选出的柠檬酸作为燃烧助剂时所得粉体的相组成和微观结构进行了研究。结果表明：前驱体在850℃煅烧2h直接生成Nd：YAG,平均粒径约为40nm,煅烧过程中没有其它中间相生成。随着煅烧温度的升高,粉体平均粒径逐渐变大,1000℃时煅烧所得粉体的平均粒径约为60nm。     

Nd:YAG透明陶瓷的制备与激光输出

成功制备了高质量的Nd:YAG透明陶瓷, 激光测试样品的尺寸为3mm×3mm×3mm, 双面抛光、未镀膜, 最高连续输出能量为1003mW, 斜率效率为14%.     

长脉冲Nd:YAG激光器驱动电源与控制技术

改进了适合于长脉冲激光器泵浦氪灯的驱动电源和控制技术,特别是在脉冲式预燃方式、放电脉冲时间的精确控制以及大幅度减小电源发热量(近一个数量级)等方面.完成的装置具有工作稳定、可靠、效率高、智能操作、控制方便等优点,可广泛应用于YAG型激光医疗设备和工业加工设备.     

奥氏体不锈钢钨极氩弧焊焊接头的耐蚀性及电弧重熔

研究了手工钨极氩弧焊对奥氏体不锈钢 0 Cr1 9Ni9和 1 Cr1 8Ni9Ti表面耐蚀性的影响 ,以及微束等离子弧重熔对焊接接头耐蚀性的影响。实验结果表明 ,通常焊接对奥氏体不锈钢的表面耐蚀性有不利影响 ,焊接热影响区及焊缝金属的耐蚀性 ,较母材有所降低。但经微束等离子弧表面重熔后 ,表面重熔层快速凝固 ,细化了重熔层组织 ,显微偏析减小 ,铬碳化物在晶界的沉淀析出得到抑制 ,故此焊接接头的耐蚀性得以显著提高。     

Continuous Wave ND:YAG Laser Welding of Sand-Cast ZE41A-T5 Magnesium Alloys

A continuous wave 4 kW Nd:YAG laser system was used to weld 2-mm butt joints of sand-cast ZE41A-T5 magnesium alloys at a power of 2.5 kW, welding speed of 6.0 m/min, and defocusing distance from - 2 to + 3 mm for the material in the machined surface conditions. It was found that the adjustment of defocusing distance greatly influences the establishment of conduction or keyhole mode welding. Conduction welding is obtained at a power density of 4.0 × 10⁵ W/cm². Keyhole welding is reached at a threshold irradiance of 1.5 × 10⁶ W/cm². The fusion zone consists of refined equiaxed grains formed through cellular growth in the Zr-containing magnesium alloys. The partially melted zone is rather narrow, only a few grains wide. No grain growth or coarsening but softening is observed in the heat affected zone (HAZ). The weld defects observed include three main types: imperfect shape, cavities, and weld cracks. The mechanisms of their formations are discussed. In addition, the original cast quality was found to have a significant influence on the formation of defects such as underfill, surface depression, porosity, and burn-through during laser welding.     

316L不锈钢焊缝的点蚀行为

采用数显恒温水浴锅HH-4静态模拟点腐蚀的试验方法,研究316L奥氏体不锈钢焊缝在不同Cl^-浓度和温度下的三氯化铁溶液中点腐蚀行为,探讨不同的Cl^-浓度和温度变化对焊缝耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：在三氯化铁溶液中,Cl^-浓度增加、温度升高,316L奥氏体不锈钢焊缝的耐点蚀性能下降,腐蚀速率增加,腐蚀后的表面形貌为不均匀点腐蚀。     

高氮奥氏体不锈钢熔焊焊缝的氮含量

高氮奥氏体不锈钢是一类具有优良力学性能和抗腐蚀性能的合金结构钢,适当含量的固溶氮是这种钢具备优异性能的前提条件.高氮奥氏体不锈钢能否在工程上得以广泛应用在很大程度上取决于焊后接头性能,为了获得与母材力学性能和抗腐蚀性能相匹配的熔焊接头,焊缝氮含量及氮存在形式的控制至关重要.对熔焊时焊缝氮含量的影响因素进行了阐述,以期为这种钢的焊接加工以及焊接材料的研制开发等相关研究提供一定的借鉴.     

Studies on fatigue life enhancement of pre-fatigued spring steel specimens using laser shock peening

SAE 9260 spring steel specimens after enduring 50% of their mean fatigue life were subjected to laser shock peening using an in-house developed 2.5 J/7 ns pulsed Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser for studying their fatigue life enhancement. In the investigated range of process parameters, laser shock peening resulted in the extension of fatigue life of these partly fatigue damaged specimens by more than 15 times. Contributing factors for the enhanced fatigue life of laser peened specimens are: about 400 μm thick compressed surface layer with magnitude of surface stress in the range of −600 to −700 MPa, about 20% increase in surface hardness and unaltered surface finish. For laser peening of ground steel surface, an adhesive-backed black polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tape has been found to be a superior sacrificial coating than conventionally used black paint. The effect of repeated laser peening treatment was studied to repair locally surface melted regions and the treatment has been found to be effective in re-establishing desired compressive stress pattern on the erstwhile tensile-stressed surface.     

Failure of a premix feeder line on a land-based gas turbine

A premix feeder line on a land-based gas turbine was found to be leaking, and the source of the leakage was traced back to a crack in a pipe-to-fitting weld. The weld joined a coupling made from the X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 austenitic stainless steel to a type 316L austenitic stainless steel reducer. A root-cause assessment was conducted to determine the cause of the crack. Evidence of fatigue and corrosive attack was found. Various factors that influence the susceptibility to corrosion and cracking, such as heat tints, geometry of the weld, and surface finish of the component, are discussed. Recommendations are made for corrective actions and failure prevention.     

钛宝石泵浦Cr,Nd:YAG微片的自调Q激光特性

用连续的钛宝石激光泵浦１mm厚的Cr^4 ,Nd^3 ;YAG晶体微片获得了１．０６４μm的自调Ｑ激光输出,输出的激光调Ｑ脉冲非常稳定,泵浦的阈值功率为３０mW,脉冲宽度为１００ns随着泵浦功率的变化,脉冲宽度保持不变,而重复率则在变化。斜率效率随着输出耦合镜透过度的变化而变化,当输出耦合率为５％时,斜率效率高20%.一研究有助于进一步发展激光二极管泵浦的全固化的自调Ｑ微片激光器。     

Laser power coupling efficiency in conduction and keyhole welding of austenitic stainless steel

Laser welding of thin sheets of AISI 304 stainless steel was carried out with high power CW CO₂ laser. The laser power utilized in the welding process was estimated using the experimental results and the dimensionless parameter model for laser welding; and also the energy balance equation model. Variation of laser welding efficiency with welding speed and mode of welding was studied. Welding efficiency was high for high-speed conduction welding of thin sheets and also in keyhole welding process at high laser powers. Effect of pre-oxidization of the surface and powder as filler material on laser power coupling is also reported. The paper also discusses effect of microstructure on the cracking susceptibility of laser welds.     

3ω-Nd:YAG激光作用下几种石油产品的荧光谱

以波长为３５５ｎｍ的三倍频Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光为激发源,进口像增强ＣＣＤ（ＩＣＣＤ）为探测系统,对几种主要石油产品的激光诱导荧光光谱进行了研究。研究结果表明,较之气体激光器更适合遥感应用的Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光器可望为未来激光荧光雷达提供更方便的激发源。     

Nickel-free austenitic stainless steels for medical applications

Abstract

The adverse effects of nickel ions being released into the human body have prompted the development of high-nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steels for medical applications. Nitrogen not only replaces nickel for austenitic structure stability but also much improves steel properties. Here we review the harmful effects associated with nickel in medical stainless steels, the advantages of nitrogen in stainless steels, and emphatically, the development of high-nitrogen nickel-free stainless steels for medical applications. By combining the benefits of stable austenitic structure, high strength and good plasticity, better corrosion and wear resistances, and superior biocompatibility compared to the currently used 316L stainless steel, the newly developed high-nitrogen nickel-free stainless steel is a reliable substitute for the conventional medical stainless steels.     

激光熔融键合在新型室温红外探测器的应用

运用Nd：YAG激光在功率300W、光束运动速度为0．05m／s、光束直径为700μm的条件下能得到键合强度平均为9．3MPa的硅／玻璃熔融键合效果。该键合方法能进行选择区域键合,完全避免了由于键合过程中电场给超薄敏感可动微结构带来的畸变甚至失效,为新型室温红外探测器的研制奠定了良好的工艺基础。     

Effect of water-shower cooling during welding on tensile residual stress improvement in multi-layer welding of austenitic stainless steel plates

Abstract

A new welding method that uses a water shower behind the welding torch has been developed in order to reduce tensile residual stress in a welded region. When this method is applied to the welding of austenitic stainless steel, the welding and cooling conditions mainly determine how much the residual stress can be reduced. To optimize these conditions, we first used the robust design technique to determine the effects of the interpass temperature, the heat input quantity and the water-shower area on the residual stress distribution of bead-on-plate. We found that, to decrease the tensile residual stress, the interpass temperature should be high, the heat input low, and the water-shower area large. Effect of the water-shower cooling on multi-layer welding was examined analytically and experimentally. It was found that the residual stresses were tensile without water-shower cooling, but compressive with water-shower cooling under the optimized conditions. It can therefore be concluded that the new welding method is appropriate for reducing tensile residual stress in multi-layer welding of austenitic stainless steel.     

铜与奥氏体不锈钢异种材料电子束焊接

目的研究不同参数下铜钢电子束异种焊接以获得符合要求的接头质量。方法以无氧高导热铜(OFHC)和奥氏体不锈钢(304)作为研究对象,控制扫描幅值、焊接速度等工艺参数,采用500 Hz真空电子束偏束\"O\"形扫描焊接的方式进行焊接。结果在电子束偏钢侧0.2 mm,电子束流为17 mA,聚焦电流为501 mA,焊接速度为600 mm/min的参数下,添加半径为1 mm,频率为500 Hz的圆形扫描波得到了抗拉性能为310.9MPa、硬度大于180 MPa的优质焊接接头。结论不同参数下的接头宏观均出现焊缝上表面下陷缺陷,接头铜侧热影响区存在大量颗粒状、块状、条状的铜钢固溶体析出相,接头钢侧热影响区存在宽度随扫描波幅值减小而减小的黑色过渡带。