共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Principal component analysis, abbreviated PCA, has been an important and useful mathematical tool in color technology since the 1960s. Its uses have included defining tolerance intervals and ellipsoidal regions, estimating colorant spectral properties from mixtures, deriving CIE daylight, data reduction for large ensembles of spectra, and spectral imaging. Although PCA is a common topic in many engineering disciplines, statistics, and mathematics, many color‐technology professionals and color‐science students come from disciplines where this technique is not part of their curricula. It is from this perspective that this review publication was written. The purpose of this publication is to describe PCA and present examples in its use for colorant estimation, spectral data reduction, and defining multidimensional confidence regions for colorimetric scatter data. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 84–98, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20086 相似文献
2.
Principal component analysis (PCA) has been widely studied for reconstruction of spectral reflectance of a color sample from its tristimulus values. One of the most important factors that influences the recovery performance is the characteristic of the data set used for obtaining principal vectors. In this article, we investigated the influence of color similarities or color differences between the recovered and principal component (PC) data sets on the reconstruction error. For this purpose, two metamer sets that have similar color differences with the recovered samples, are used. The results show that two metamer sets can make completely different performance in recovery of specific color samples. It was shown that the most important factor that influences the recovery of spectral reflectance by PCA method is the characteristics of the data set used for obtaining PC vectors independent of the recovered samples. Another factor that influences the performance of PCA for spectral recovery is the characteristic of the sample that would be recovered. Some spectral data cannot be recovered precisely even applying different PC data sets. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2011 相似文献
3.
The weighted spectrophotometric color matching method with the optimum weighting to the spectrophotometric equations in each particular wavelength proportional to the viewing condition is applied for minimizing the color difference of instrumental color formulation of textile materials. The work is based on the one‐constant Kubelka–Munk theory. The sensitivity of a recipe to small perturbation of deviation between the reflectance of target and matched samples in the visible spectrum is determined as the metamerism potentiality of proposed recipe. Its correlation with metamerism index was also studied for some metameric pairs. Metamerism potentialities are also appraised under several light sources by using equilibrate matching strategy. The results show that the outputs of colorimetric color matching are exactly identical with the weighted spectrophotometic match under the same viewing condition. According to the numerical results for matching of 58 target samples, there is a good statistical correlation between metamerism indices and the metamerism potentialities of each recipe. Our results show that the quantitative value of the metamerism potentiality of each recipe can reasonably predict the metamerism indices of applied formulation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 31, 483–490, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20261 相似文献
4.
Shahram Peyvandi Seyed Hossein Amirshahi Boris Sluban 《Color research and application》2008,33(4):300-306
The repeatability of the recipe color can be affected by several different types of inevitable inaccuracies in the coloration process. Two of the major causes of poor target‐color reproducibility are the (random) weighing and (proportional) strength errors. This article describes alternative definitions of colorant strength sensitivity and total colorant sensitivity of a dyeing recipe. The influences of the maximal colorant weighing and strength errors are taken into account in order to bring the magnitudes of the two treated types of sensitivity into a mutually realistic balance between each other. The quantifications of precision and accuracy of a color matching recipe are also developed and combined into a single‐number measure of recipe quality. The listed quantities are expected to be useful in selecting the most reliable one(s) among the different formulations for the same standard color. The methods are presented for calculating numerical estimates of the newly introduced quantities. The precision and accuracy of the coloration process are investigated in laboratory experiments involving repeated dyeings. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 300–306, 2008. 相似文献
5.
Razieh Jafari Seyed Hossein Amirshahi Seyed Abdolkarim Hosseini Ravandi 《Color research and application》2012,37(3):176-185
The spectral behavior of different black surfaces including papers and fabrics are investigated in this study. Several colored pigments are mixed with the blacks in different concentrations to prepare black surfaces with different shades while a series of black dyestuffs are applied on textile materials to increase the ranges of black objects. The principal component analysis technique is applied to determine the actual spectral size of the reflectance dataset. The technique simply extracts the principal directions of spectral data and organizes them in restricted spectral spaces. Three different spectral spaces, i.e., the reflectance spectra, the Kubelka‐Munk function of reflectance as well as the inverse of reflectance factor are selected to present the samples in the restricted spaces. Based on the results, it is found that, there are no significant differences between the employed spaces and far from the employed spectral domains, black surfaces could be adequately described in a three‐dimensional space. The three extracted statistical colorants are used for reconstruction of reflectance spectra of samples while the root mean square error percentage and the color difference values under the standard observing condition confirm the suitability of such virtual primaries. The work is extended to reconstruction of spectral data from colorimetric information and the adequacy of such three‐dimensional space is reconfirmed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2012 相似文献
6.
以精确检测出镀液中的铁离子为目标,提出一种基于光谱图像分析的镀液中铁离子的检测方法。依据铁离子在镀液中呈现出的独特影像特征,建立铁离子光谱向量的线性观测模型,计算待检测镀液中铁离子光谱图像局部奇异度,并融合主成分分析算法建立光谱图像正交投影空间,结合光谱角度匹配技术实现对镀液中铁离子的精确检测。试验结果表明:基于光谱分析的镀液中铁离子的检测方法可行且有效,检测效果优于常用检测方法的,检测精度高且误差率低。 相似文献
7.
Valérie Bonnardel Sucharita Beniwal Nijoo Dubey Mayukhini Pande David Bimler 《Color research and application》2018,43(2):209-223
A gender difference in color preference among British participants has been repeatedly reported, in which both males and females show a preference for blue‐green colors, while females express an additional preference for pink‐purple colors. To investigate the robustness of gender difference in color preference in a different culture, we tested 81 young adult Indians from a school of design and compared them to 80 young British students in Psychology. The 35‐item International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) and Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) questionnaires were also administered to explore possible links between personality traits, gender schemata, and color preferences. Results confirmed a gender difference in both cultures; participants collectively expressed a preference for cool over warm colors, while in addition females showed a preference for pink colors, with a warm bias for Indian females and a cool bias for British females. While these results extend gender difference to Indian culture and support the universality of an underlying pattern they also reveal a culture‐specific contribution essentially observed in females. In British participants, color preference was correlated exclusively with BSRI scores in females and overwhelmingly with IPIP scores in males; this gender‐specific pattern of correlation was not replicated in the Indian sample. Results point to an archetypal pattern of gender difference in color preference with a remarkable cross‐cultural similarity in men and a subtle but significant cultural difference in women whose origin is yet to be explained. 相似文献
8.
A series of virtual illuminants are generated by applying weighted principal component analysis (wPCA) as well as weighted mean (wM) techniques to a set of artificial lights. The weights are selected in accordance to the importance of desired light source in control and/or matching process. In fact, the created virtual illuminants can be implemented in a colorimetric color matching trial or color control processing. In the case of color matching effort, by choosing suitable weights for different lighting conditions, more balanced color difference values under those illuminants which are presented in dataset could be expected. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 205–209, 2009 相似文献
9.
基于主元分析（PCA）的统计检测方法已经被广泛应用于各种化工过程的故障检测和识别.移动主元分析（moving principal component analysis,简称MPCA）算法基于PCA,根据主元子空间的变化来判断故障是否发生.然而,基于主元分析的统计检测方法是线性方法,无法有效应用于非线性系统.因此,提出一种适合于非线性系统的故障检测方法——基于核主角(kernel principal angle,简称KPA)的故障检测方法,其基本思想与MPCA相似,主要内容包括构建特征子空间和核主角测量两部分.TE过程故障检测仿真实验证明,基于核主角的故障检测方法优于传统的多元统计检测方法（cMSPC）和MPCA. 相似文献
10.
基于距离空间统计量分析的多模态过程无监督故障检测 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
工业过程往往运行于多个生产模态,针对多模态过程数据的空间分布特点,提出了一种新的基于样本距离空间统计量分析的故障检测方法(DSSA)。首先用每一个样本与其训练集样本中的邻居之间的k个最近邻距离之差来表示该样本,将样本从原始变量空间映射到对应的距离空间中。然后在距离空间中通过移动窗口的方式计算各阶统计量,最后对由各阶统计量组成的统计量样本进行主元分析(PCA)。将DSSA方法、PCA方法以及另一种基于k近邻规则的多模态故障检测方法(FD-kNN)应用于TE过程中,仿真结果表明DSSA方法对多模态故障检测更为有效。 相似文献
11.
Dorukalp Durmus 《Color research and application》2020,45(5):796-802
A color space is a three-dimensional representation of all the possible color percepts. The CIE 1976 L*a*b* is one of the most widely used object color spaces. In CIELAB, lightness L* is limited between 0 and 100, while a* and b* coordinates have no fixed boundaries. The outer boundaries of CIELAB have been previously calculated using theoretical object spectral reflectance functions and the CIE 1931 and 1964 observers under the CIE standard illuminants D50 and D65. However, natural and manufactured objects reflect light smoothly as opposed to theoretical spectral reflectance functions. Here, data generated from a linear optimization method are analyzed to re-evaluate the outer boundaries of the CIELAB. The color appearance of 99 test color samples under theoretical test spectra has been calculated in the CIELAB using CIE 1931 standard observer. The lightness L* boundary ranged between 6 and 97, redness-greenness a* boundary ranged between −199 and 270, and yellowness-blueness b* boundary ranged between −74 and 161. The boundary in the direction of positive b* (yellowness) was close to the previous findings. While the positive a* (redness) boundary exceeded previously known limits, the negative a* (greenness) and b* (blueness) boundaries were lower than the previously calculated CIELAB boundaries. The boundaries found here are dependent on the color samples used here and the spectral shape of the test light sources. Irregular spectral shapes and more saturated color samples can result in extended boundaries at the expense of computational time and power. 相似文献
12.
13.
Principal component analysis （PCA） is a useful tool in process fault detection, but offers little support on fault isolation. In this article, structured residual with strong isolation property is introduced. Although it is easy to get the residual by transformation matrix in static process, unfortunately, it becomes hard in dynamic process under control loop. Therefore, partial dynamic PCA（PDPCA） is proposed to obtain structured residual and enhance the isolation ability of dynamic process monitoring, and a compound statistic is introduced to resolve the problem resulting from independent variables in every variable subset. Simulations on continuous stirred tank reactor （CSTR） show the effectiveness of the proposed method. 相似文献
14.
MPCA在间歇反应过程故障诊断中的应用 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
将多方向主元分析(MPCA)理论应用到一个实际的PVC间歇反应过程的性能监测与故障诊断中。由于间歇反应的特点,数据具有多维性,应用传统的主元分析将使过程的统计建模与故障诊断难以实现。MPCA可将间歇过程的多维数据沿时间轨迹分割,使得多批次的数据可以在各时间序列轨迹上建立相应的PCA模型,从而完成对间歇过程的实时监视及故障诊断。 相似文献
15.
Michael H. Brill 《Color research and application》2003,28(1):69-71
Two principal‐component methods are used in color science. For a given data set of spectra, one method finds the best‐fitting subspace about the mean spectrum, and the other finds the best‐fitting subspace about the zero spectrum. The first of these was originally developed for illuminants and the second for reflectance analysis. Yet there seems to be no strong argument for choosing one method over the other, in either case. Hence it is urged that each of us declares which one we are using, even if making that discrimination is considered “non‐PC” (i.e., not “politically correct”). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 69–71, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col. 相似文献
16.
María L. F. de Mattiello 《Color research and application》2005,30(6):416-426
The objective of this article is to analyze different color matching functions (CMFs) obtained with three (650, 530, and 460 nm) and four primary colors (650, 565, 513, and 460 nm), using both monoptic and dichoptic central vision. This strategy helps to clarify (i) lack of additivity of brilliance; (ii) shift in maximum sensitivity peaks of CMFs when experimental conditions change; (iii) variations in luminance for the same reason; (iv) strong metamerism of the mixtures; and (v) differences of chromatic opponence between monoptic and dichoptic vision. The results obtained reflect two important facts: marked stability of the visual system, which allows the experimental conditions analyzed to be solved with an equal degree of success, and plasticity based especially on the balance of retinal illumination, which was maintained at an average of 40 trolands. The results obtained bring to mind an assertion made by MacAdam to the effect that the law of additivity when applied to luminance is not applied to measurements of brightness. Perceptively, brightness is not additive, and so CMFs should not be considered as significant functions in computing tristimulus values R, G, and B. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 416–426, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col. 相似文献
17.
Tibor Nagy Gerg&#x; Rth kos Kuki Mikls Zsuga Sndor Kki 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(2)
Flavonoids represent an important class of secondary metabolites because of their potential health benefits and functions in plants. We propose a novel method for the comprehensive flavonoid filtering and screening based on direct infusion mass spectrometry (DIMS) analysis. The recently invented data mining procedure, the multi-step mass-remainder analysis (M-MARA) technique is applied for the effective mass spectral filtering of the peak rich spectra of natural herb extracts. In addition, our flavonoid-filtering algorithm facilitates the determination of the elemental composition. M-MARA flavonoid-filtering uses simple mathematical and logical operations and thus, it can easily be implemented in a regular spreadsheet software. A huge benefit of our method is the high speed and the low demand for computing power and memory that enables the real time application even for tandem mass spectrometric analysis. Our novel method was applied for the electrospray ionization (ESI) DIMS spectra of various herb extract, and the filtered mass spectral data were subjected to chemometrics analysis using principal component analysis (PCA). 相似文献
18.
19.
Farnaz Agahian Seyed Ali Amirshahi Seyed Hossein Amirshahi 《Color research and application》2008,33(5):360-371
The weighted principal component analysis technique is employed for reconstruction of reflectance spectra of surface colors from the related tristimulus values. A dynamic eigenvector subspace based on applying certain weights to reflectance data of Munsell color chips has been formed for each particular sample and the color difference value between the target, and Munsell dataset is chosen as a criterion for determination of weighting factors. Implementation of this method enables one to increase the influence of samples which are closer to target on extracted principal eigenvectors and subsequently diminish the effect of those samples which benefit from higher amount of color difference. The performance of the suggested method is evaluated in spectral reflectance reconstruction of three different collections of colored samples by the use of the first three Munsell bases. The resulting spectra show considerable improvements in terms of root mean square error between the actual and reconstructed reflectance curves as well as CIELAB color difference under illuminant A in comparison to those obtained from the standard PCA method. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 360–371, 2008 相似文献