勃劳特换热器的性能

勃劳特换热器的性能周绪美，陈建铭，张鹏远，冯元鼎，丁华（北京化工大学化学工程系）关键词勃劳特换热器；压降１引言在生产过程中，气体与气体之间进行热量交换的换热器，在性能评比时，应该用两项指标来衡量。其一是单位产品所需传热面积要小，其二是单位压降的传热膜...     

折流杆换热器

介绍了折流杆换热器的结构形式和使用特点,以同1台冷凝器为例,对比了采用折流杆或采用折流板换热器的使用效果,结果表明,在相同阻力降条件下,折流杆换热器传热系数大,传热面积小,壳体也小。     

考虑压降的换热网络研究

在换热网络综合设计中,压降是一重要影响因素。安装泵、压缩机等设备可克服流体流动过程中的阻力损失,这些动力设备的投资费用和能耗费用(简称动力费用)是换热网络总投资的重要部分,所以年总费用目标函数中应包括公用工程费用、换热器投资费用和动力费用,这三者应作权衡处理来决定最优夹点温差ΔTmin,以得到年总费用最小、结构更优化的换热网络。     

Prediction of Nusselt Number and Friction Factor of Water-Al2O3 Nanofluid Flow in Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger with Helical Baffles

Heat transfer and flow field of water-Al₂O₃ nanofluid were simulated three-dimensionally in the shell-side of shell-and-tube heat exchanger with helical baffles. The effects of Reynolds number and volume fraction on heat transfer and pressure drop were evaluated. Increasing the volume fraction and Reynolds number intensified both heat transfer and pressure drop. Reduction of the Reynolds number increased the friction factor, but no considerable change was observed in the friction factor by increasing the volume fraction at constant Reynolds number. Heat transfer of the nanofluid revealed greater dependency on the volume fraction of particles at lower Reynolds numbers. Models of Nusselt number and friction factor were obtained in the heat exchanger in terms of Reynolds number and volume fraction using neural network. The neural network predicted the output variables with great accuracy.     

铝制板翅式换热器热工性能的试验研究

铝制板翅式换热器以其高效、紧凑、适应温度范围广等突出优点,得到了越来越广泛的应用,其主要以气体-液体进行热交换为主.针对空气-乙二醇进行热量交换的同一种结构不同翅片类型的铝制板翅式换热器的传热性能与阻力特性进行了试验研究.     

基于ANSYS-CFX的管壳式换热器壳程性能的数值研究

利用Pro/E对弓形折流板换热器进行了参数化建模,采用ANSYS-CFX对换热器壳程流体的流动与传热做了模拟分析。从数值模拟的角度分析了单弓形折流板换热器壳程振动和传热"死区"产生的原因,研究了不同折流板间距、不同折流板缺口高度及不同进口流速对换热器壳侧传热和压降的影响,并在此基础上对换热器的结构提出了优化措施。     

螺旋折流板换热器研究进展

文章主要对螺旋折流板换热器的结构、性能及制造的研究进展进行了综述。螺旋折流板换热器主要有连续折流板和非连续螺旋折流板两种结构。相比于传统弓形折流板换热器,螺旋折流板换热器具有传热性能好,壳侧压力降小,抗振动,防止结垢,气固分离性能良好等优点。螺旋折流板制造加工相对困难,未来研究重点是简便、可靠的设计制造方法。     

Heat Exchanger Network Integration Using Diverse Pinch Point and Mathematical Programming

A design approach based on diverse pinch point and mathematical programming for optimal integration of heat exchanger networks (HENs) is described. The effect of the dissimilar film heat transfer coefficients on the area target is considered by different pinch and composite curves. The approach combines insightful pinch analysis and rigorous mathematical programming, which enable systematic and automatic designs. A software platform is developed for the design of HENs. An example illustrates the application of the proposed approach.     

换热器的风险检测技术研究

在API581的基础上,针对换热器的特点,对RBI的方法进行补充和改进。首先,从换热器的失效模式入手,明确换热器各零部件的失效原因及故障影响;其次,根据换热器的特殊工况和结构,补充针对换热器的损伤模块,如换热器管束的振动、内外壁损伤以及传热效率等对换热器的使用影响。然后,结合我国承压设备的特殊使用状况,用剩余寿命代替设计寿命作为计算失效概率的基准。最后,利用以上方法结合API581技术,对上海石化加氢裂化装置的26台换热器进行计算,确定其风险值,与DNVORBIT软件计算结果对比,验证了该方法的合理性和可行性。     

管壳式换热器的工艺设计

介绍在工艺设计中如何确定管壳式换热器程数,以及如何降低换热器的压力降。     

换热器结垢与换热网络裕量设计方法研究进展

从结垢现象影响换热系统正常运行的角度出发,介绍了近几年换热网络裕量设计以及针对结垢问题不同学者研究出的换热网络优化设计。总结了在换热网络设计中对换热器清洗时序、清洗周期优化或者增加换热网络的裕量设计的不同换热网络设计最优方法,但这些方法都是在换热网络设计之初,考虑换热器结垢最严重的情况即换热网络在“最差”工况下进行的优化,因此优化得到的换热网络难以保证换热网络全运行周期的持续节能优化。本文结合现有换热网络设计方法的利弊,针对结垢过程的慢时变、持续特点,提出一种基于长周期持续节能的换热网络设计优化方法,在换热网络设计之初,定量分析结垢对网络结构的影响,以换热网络全周期累积总费用为目标函数,实现换热网络的最优综合。     

Synthesis of multipass heat exchanger networks using genetic algorithms

In this work, a methodology based on genetic algorithms (GAs) is developed for the optimal synthesis of multipass heat exchanger networks (HENs). The network model is based on a stagewise superstructure, and the problem of finding the optimum number of 1–2 shells in series of multipass heat exchangers is aided by an efficient optimization model that uses the standard F_T design method. The proposed methodology allows for proper handling of the trade-offs involving energy consumption, number of units, number of 1–2 shells and network area to provide a network with the minimum total annual cost. The results of the examples show that the new approach is able to find more economical networks than those generated by other methods.     

帘式折流片换热器强化传热数值研究

为解决折流板换热器壳程流体阻力过大和折流杆换热器低Re下传热系数较小等管壳式换热器的不足,提出了壳程流体"斜向流"的新概念,研制了新型高效节能管壳式换热器?帘式折流片换热器,其壳程传热系数高于折流杆换热器20%～30%,而壳程压力损失大幅低于折流板换热器。以场协同原理分析了斜向流的强化传热机理,指出在帘式折流片换热器壳程中流体速度场与温度梯度场间的夹角小于折流杆换热器,是其强化传热的重要原因。对帘式折流片换热器中折流栅间距、折流片倾角、折流片宽度等重要几何参数对传热和压降的影响规律进行了数值模拟研究,并据此推导了壳程传热系数和流体阻力降准数关联式,为其工程设计和推广应用提供了参考依据。     

Heat exchanger network area targeting considering stream allocation to shell or tubes

An optimal heat recovery network requires optimum values of area and energy targets. Current heat exchanger network targeting methods do not consider the optimal allocation of each stream to shell or tube side of the exchanger during the network cost estimation. Some researchers pre-set the allocation of the streams ahead of targeting [Polley, G. T., & Panjeh Shahi, M. H. (1991). Interfacing heat exchanger network synthesis and detailed heat exchanger design. Transactions of the Institute of Chemical Engineers, 69(Part A), 445–457]. In real design case however, some practical considerations such as fouling and corrosion constrain the allocation of streams. Apart from those, other streams are allowed to be allocated to either tubes or shell. Appropriate allocation of these streams can considerably affect the network cost estimation. This paper introduces a new area-targeting procedure which utilizes the optimal allocation of streams in all enthalpy intervals. The procedure evaluates two possible options for each stream split passing through each exchanger in the spaghetti network. Thus, two different exchanger area requirements can be estimated and the one with less area requirement will be selected. During this evaluation process, the optimal distribution of each stream pressure drop within enthalpy intervals is fully utilized. The proposed targeting procedure is applied on a case study and comparison of the results with previous method (Polley & Panjeh Shahi, 1991) shows reduction of around 18% in the network area. In another case study, the area–energy trade offs using the new procedure shows a reduction of 12.4% in minimum network area requirement and 14.5% in total annual cost. Therefore, the new procedure can considerably alter the area–energy trade offs.     

螺旋折流板换热器数值模拟及入口结构改进研究

利用FLUENT软件,采用雷诺应力湍流模型模拟了不同流量下常规螺旋折流板换热器壳程的流动与传热性能,并用实验验证了模拟的可靠性。为了减少换热器壳侧入口处压降,对螺旋折流板换热器壳侧入口结构进行改进,将流体垂直流入壳体改为入口与壳体形成一定角度。对结构改进后的螺旋折流板换热器进行的数值模拟表明,采用倾斜入口结构时进口处压力降比采用垂直入口结构时低52%以上,且流量越大,这种降低幅度越明显。     

Exergoeconomic Analysis of Heat Exchanger Networks for Optimum Minimum Approach Temperature

Heat exchanger networks (HENs) design for optimum minimum approach temperature is presented using exergoeconomic analysis. Cold and hot utilities are integrated with process streams into T‐H plots, forming balanced composite curves, based on pinch technology. Exergy consumption of heat transfer in HENs is calculated using subsection integral on balanced composite curves. Exergy consumption expense substitutes utilities cost as operating cost. The objective function based on exergoeconomics is proposed, which determines the optimum minimum approach temperature of HENs. Numerical results in the cases demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach. Some measures of decreasing energy consumption are disclosed in the dealing process as well.     

基于持续节能的多周期换热网络优化设计

在石油化工工业中,换热网络的操作条件时常发生改变,尤其是结垢热阻随运行时间不断增大。针对操作条件的改变,有研究者提出多周期换热网络最优综合的设计与改造方法。但是,这些方法不涉及结垢热阻对设计结果的影响。然而,换热器结垢不可避免,传热系数随之改变,将导致操作工况偏离最优值,难以实现持续节能优化。以多周期换热网络优化为基础,提出一种基于持续节能的多周期换热网络综合设计方法,以换热网络累积总费用为目标函数,考虑换热器结垢对多周期换热网络优化结果的影响,进而实现多周期换热网络的最优综合。首先,结合示例分析换热器结垢对多周期换热网络优化结果的影响,得出考虑到结垢热阻的影响多周期换热网络在各个周期内的优化结果将改变;然后,基于持续节能优化,以换热网络累积总费用为目标函数,提出一种多周期换热网络优化方法;最后,结合示例验证了该设计方法的有效性。     

隔板高度对螺旋隔板套管换热器的影响

采用计算流体力学方法对螺旋隔板套管式换热器壳侧的传热和阻力特性进行模拟,建立了螺旋升角为40o、螺旋隔板高度分别为b, 3b/4, b/2, b/4和b/8 (b为螺距)的换热器模型,分析了螺旋隔板高度对壳程流体传热的影响. 结果表明,相同壳程工质体积流量下,换热器的壳程总换热量、换热系数和阻力系数随隔板高度增加而增加,单位长度压降随隔板高度增加而减小. 隔板高度为b, 3b/4和b/2时比隔板高度为b/8时的换热系数分别提高7.83, 3.68和3倍,壳程进出口压降分别减少98%, 97%和95%,但阻力系数却分别提高34, 15.3和5.3倍. 为提高螺旋隔板强化单管换热器的壳侧综合换热性能,其隔板高度应为1/2b~3/4b.     

波纹板换热器的传热过程分析

波纹板换热器由于传热效率高,占地面积少,热损失小等优点,在工业生产中得到了广泛的应用。文章对波纹板换热器的传热过程进行分析,测试了流体流速对换热器传热性能影响。指出在换热器选型时,要综合考虑各个因素,使换热器的传热性能与经济性之间达到优化匹配。     

国产循环换热分离器在费托合成单元的应用

针对进口循环换热分离器投资高、维护周期长等问题,开发了国产循环换热分离器。介绍了国产循环换热分离器的结构和工作原理。对该循环换热分离器在宁煤400万t/a煤炭间接液化示范项目中的应用情况进行了工业运行考核,并与进口循环换热分离器的性能进行了对比,结果表明:在实际油气量101%工况下,国产循环换热分离器传热系数691.4 W/(m^2·K),有效传热温差47.8℃,压降80 kPa,均优于设计指标;国产循环换热分离器热侧和冷侧温差较高,热侧压差较低,在传热、阻力降等方面优于进口设备。