Abrasive wear behaviour of powder flame sprayed coatings on steel substrates

The main purpose of thermal spraying method is to produce wear resistant surfaces. Easy applicability, very low possibility of metallurgical changes and low distortion of coated parts due to low heat transfer to the substrate and salvation of worn parts are some of the practical advantages of this process. In this study, abrasive wear behaviour of powder flame sprayed coatings on steel substrates has been investigated. Coating was carried out onto both hot and cold substrates by using four types of powders. Prior to the wear tests, the coated specimens were machined on a lathe and surface roughness and hardness measurements were carried out on the machined surfaces. Heating the substrates prior to the coating led to the decrease in the hardness of the coating layers. Abrasive wear resistance of flame sprayed coatings was seen to be dependent on the chemical composition and characteristics of coating materials and coating condition.     

High Velocity Oxy Fuel Spraying of Cold Work Tool Steels‐ A Novel Approach to Thick Coatings for Wear Protection Applications

Within this work, HVOF sprayed coatings based on X220CrVMo13‐4 cold work steel were applied to a S235JR construction steel substrate. The investigations focus on the influence of particle size and spray parameters on the coating microstructure, analyzed by means of optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additional XRD measurements and micro hardness plots across the interface between substrate material and coating were carried out. Furthermore, the influence of particle size on the detected phases and coating porosity was studied. The results were compared with an X220CrMoV13‐4 reference sample produced by HIP.     

16Mn钢基Ni合金激光熔覆层耐冲蚀性能研究

采用CO2连续波激光器在16Mn钢基材表面进行Ni基合金熔覆处理，采用XRD、SEM等分析了熔覆层的相组戍和微观结构，在不同的介质中研究了16Mn钢基和合金熔覆层的耐冲蚀性。研究结果表明，涂层主要由γ-Ni等组戍，枝晶组织细小均匀，涂层硬度比基体显著提高。在含有3％（质量分数）、SiO2磨粒的酸碱腐蚀溶液中，激光熔覆Ni合金涂层的16Mn钢基材的耐冲蚀性得到提高。     

热挤压AlSiPb合金磨损表面膜的作用及组成

为探讨Al-Pb轴承合金的磨损机理,研究了热挤压Al-Si-Pb轴承合金的磨损表面膜作用及组成.研究表明:磨损载荷在240～280 N时,摩擦因数与载荷关系曲线中出现一低谷,磨损率与载荷关系曲线中出现一高原现象,观察发现,在此载荷范围内磨损试样表面形成了一层黑色膜,黑色膜降低了Al-Si-Pb合金的摩擦因数和磨损率;能谱分析表明黑色润滑膜中含有Al、Al2O3、Fe2O3、PbSiO3和Si等物质.     

Design of wear resistant boron-modified supermartensitic stainless steel by spray forming process

In this paper the chemical composition of the supermartensitic stainless (SM) was modified with the addition of small boron contents (0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 wt.%) and processed by spray forming aiming the development of functionalized stainless steel with higher wear resistance. The addition of boron to the SM leads to the formation of continuous network of M₂B type borides uniformly distributed in the refined microstructure promoted by the spray forming process. The wear resistance was evaluated by two different methodologies: (1) the standardized dry sand/rubber wheel test (ASTM G65); and (2) a plate-on-cylinder (POC) wear test which was designed to simulate in laboratorial scale the tribosystems found in wear of risers and casings. It was shown that the wear mechanisms that take place in both tests are quite different, but in all cases increasing the boron content is always accompanied by an increase in the wear resistance. Electrochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the designed alloys. It could be seen that corrosion properties similar to the commercial SM can be achieved in the SM modified with 0.7 wt.% of boron if an over content of chromium is added to the chemical composition.     

精密喷射成形HM1钢摩擦磨损性能研究

为了探索提高HM1钢耐磨性能的制备新途径,采用往复式滑动干摩擦实验研究了精密喷射成形HM1钢摩擦磨损性能并对其磨损机制进行了分析,同时还与铸态材料进行了对比.结果表明:不同载荷下,喷射态和喷射回火态HM1钢摩擦系数均低于铸态;当载荷为100 N时,与铸态相比,喷射态磨损量比其低约34%,喷射回火态磨损量比其减少约48%.对磨痕形貌分析表明,当载荷为40 N时,铸态试样以粘着磨损为主,当载荷为100 N时,转换为粘着磨损与磨粒磨损共存,并伴随严重的氧化磨损;对于喷射态和喷射回火态试样,则以磨粒磨损为主,氧化磨损减轻.     

Microstructures and properties of low-alloy fire resistant steel

Microstructures and properties of weldable quality low-alloy fire resistant structural steels (YS: 287–415 MPa) and TMT rebar (YS: 624 MPa) have been investigated. The study showed that it is possible to obtain two-thirds of room temperature yield stress at 600°C with 0.20–0.25% Mo and 0.30–0.55% Cr in low carbon hot rolled structural steel. Microalloying the Cr-Mo steel by niobium or vanadium singly or in combination resulted in higher guaranteed elevated temperature yield stress (250–280 MPa). The final rolling temperature should be maintained above austenite recrystallization stop temperature (∼ 900°C) to minimize dislocation hardening. In a quenched and self-tempered 600 MPa class TMT reinforcement bar steel (YS: 624 MPa), low chromium (0.55%) addition produced the requisite yield stress at 600°C. The low-alloy fire resistant steel will have superior thermal conductivity up to 600° C (> 30 W/m.k) compared to more concentrated alloys.     

再生钢纤维增韧超高性能混凝土的力学性能

采用来自于废旧轮胎的两种再生钢纤维制备含粗骨料的超高性能混凝土,并测定其抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、断裂能和静弹性模量等力学性能,空白组及普通钢纤维增韧超高性能混凝土作对比性能试验。结果显示,未附着橡胶颗粒的再生钢纤维使超高性能混凝土的抗压强度略微下降,降低幅度为3.91%,其余各类型钢纤维均有利于提高超高性能混凝土的力学性能;而附着橡胶颗粒的再生钢纤维显著提高了超高性能混凝土的断裂能,约为普通钢纤维增韧超高性能混凝土的4倍。此外,再生钢纤维对超高性能混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度和静弹性模量的提高效果均优于普通钢纤维。再生钢纤维,尤其是附着橡胶颗粒的再生钢纤维,可以作为一种增韧材料替代普通钢纤维应用到超高性能混凝土工程结构中。      

热处理对纳米Ni-TiN复合镀层摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用超声-电沉积的方法制备了纳米Ni-TiN复合镀层。测试了不同热处理温度下纳米Ni-TiN复合镀层的硬度和磨损量,对镀层的摩擦磨损性能进行了分析。结果表明,热处理温度在300℃时纳米Ni-TiN复合镀层的硬度和耐磨性能最佳,硬度为932.28HV,磨损量为13.5mg;复合镀层的摩擦系数随着热处理温度的升高而略有增大。     

Mechanical integrity analysis of multilayer insulator coatings on flexible steel substrates

The cohesive and adhesive properties, and related critical radius of curvature of thin multilayer insulator coatings on a 152 μm thick flexible steel substrate were investigated using tensile experiments carried out in-situ in an optical microscope. This method was found to be well adapted for the two types of coatings studied: SiO₂ single layers with different thickness and SiO₂/SiN_x/polyimide stacks. Special attention was paid to the influence of surface roughness and yielding of the steel substrate. Coating delamination and spallation was observed at low strain in case of SiO₂ coatings on unpolished steel, resulting from roughness-induced stress concentrations and slippage of grain boundaries. Polishing the steel substrate, or using a polyimide interlayer, was found to be useful to avoid premature delamination of the layers. In all investigated cases, a critical radius of curvature for layer damage of approximately 5 mm was found.     

Wear behaviour and microstructure evolution of pearlitic steels under block-on-ring wear process

Three kinds of pearlitic steels containing different interlamellar spacing and mechanical properties were obtained by different heat treatments. The wear behaviours of the steels and evolution of microstructures under different wear conditions were analysed by block-on-ring wear tests. The results showed that shortening air-cooling time and accelerating cooling rate after rolling dramatically refined the pearlite interlamellar spacing and then enhanced the hardness and strength of the pearlitic steels. The pearlitic steel with a high strength of 1537?MPa was obtained and exhibited the best wear resistance than others. The deformed and fractured cementite in the subsurface layer partially spheroidised induced by deformation and frictional heating. A special layer containing spherical carbide formed and reduced the wear rate of the steel.     

Effect of carbon-fibre powder on friction and wear properties of copper-matrix composites

ABSTRACT

The copper-matrix composite contains carbon-fibre powder which is prepared using a powder metallurgy sintering process in an effort to examine the effects of 50-mesh (270?μm) carbon-fibre powder on the microstructure and, friction and wear properties of copper matrix composites at high speed. When carbon-fibre powder is added within a certain range, the friction coefficient of the composite material is increased and the amount of wear is greatly reduced, When the content of carbon-fibre powder is 0.2wt-%, the hardness, density, friction and wear properties of the copper-based composite material has the best combination.     

钨和碳双注入H13钢抗磨损和抗腐蚀特性

首次研究了钨和碳双注入对抗磨损和抗腐蚀特性的影响，研究了抗磨损和抗腐蚀相生成的条件，以及这些相对抗磨损和抗腐蚀特性的作用，并对其改进机理进行了讨论。实验结果表明，钨和碳双注入H13钢可注入层中形成超饱和的钨和碳原子浓度。因此在注入层中形成钨的碳化物WC和W2C相，合金相Fe2W和Fe2W6C等，这些弥散相不但可以使注入具有钨和碳单注入的特性，所以能进一步地提高H13钢的抗腐蚀性，随着W和C注入剂量的增加，抗磨损和抗腐蚀特性进一步提高，抗磨损特性可改善2倍，双注入样品抗腐蚀特性也有明显也提高，如样品W5C8的腐蚀电流峰值密度Jp经55个周期腐蚀后，其值是H13钢Jp的1／26.7-1/33.3，而钨样品C5W5经过88个周期腐蚀后，其值是H13钢的1／16－1／20。     

Mechanical properties of normal strength mild steel and high strength steel S690 in low temperature relevant to Arctic environment

The development of Arctic oil and gas fields requires low temperature high strength steel materials that can resist critical loads in extreme environments. This paper investigates the mechanical properties such as stress–strain curves, elastic modulus, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and fracture strain of normal mild steel and high strength S690 steel to be used in low temperatures relevant to arctic environment. Tensile tests are carried out on steel coupons at different temperatures ranging from −80 °C to +30 °C in a cooling chamber. The influences of the low temperatures on the mechanical properties of mild steel and high strength steel are compared and their differences are discussed. Regression analyses are also carried out on the test data to develop empirical formulae to predict the elastic modulus, yield strength, and ultimate strength of the steels at ambient low temperatures. Finally, design formulae are recommended and their accuracies are further confirmed by the test data including those from the literature.     

Q235低碳钢表面等离子熔覆TiB2-TiC/Fe复合涂层及耐磨性

采用等离子熔覆技术,以Fe55、Ti、B₄C混合粉末为原料,在Q235低碳钢表面获得了TiB₂-TiC/Fe复合涂层,并分析了涂层的物相组成、组织结构,测试了显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能,探讨了其磨损机制。TiB₂-TiC/Fe复合涂层的主要物相为TiB₂、TiC、α-Fe,其中TiB₂呈多边形和矩形,TiC则呈不规则块状;随着原始粉末中Ti、B₄C含量的增加,TiB₂、TiC尺寸逐渐增大,TiB₂-TiC/Fe涂层与基体之间结合紧密,呈冶金结合;随着TiB₂-TiC/Fe复合涂层陶瓷相含量的增加,涂层硬度和耐磨性显著提高,当陶瓷相含量增加到一定程度（35wt%）时,涂层耐磨性能有所降低,TiB₂-TiC/Fe复合涂层的磨损方式主要是磨粒磨损和剥层磨损。Ti+B₄C陶瓷相含量为30wt%的等离子熔覆涂层耐磨性能较好,约为Q235钢基体的7倍,当Ti+B₄C含量持续增加时,TiB₂、TiC尺寸增大、缺陷增多,最终使TiB₂-TiC/Fe复合涂层耐磨性降低。     

Effect of Cl<Superscript>−</Superscript>on the corrosive wear of AISI 321 stainless steel in H<Subscript>2</Subscript>SO<Subscript>4</Subscript> solution

The effect of Cl⁻ on the corrosive wear behaviour of AISI 321 stainless steel in H₂SO₄ solution was studied via the corrosive wear rate, the load bearing capacity of passive film and the relationship between pitting and corrosive wear. There is a critical load at natural potential, below which the corrosive wear rate is slightly lowered by Cl⁻, while above which is increased. At natural potential there are more pits at low load than that at a higher one in the wear tracks and the pits are also deeper. The load bearing capacity is lowered by Cl⁻ at passive region and then the corrosive wear rate increased.     

Very high cycle fatigue properties of high‐strength spring steel 60SiCrV7

The very high cycle fatigue properties of spring steel 60SiCrV7 for automotive suspension system with different hydrogen contents were studied by using ultrasonic fatigue testing and fatigue crack growth testing. The results show that the S–N curves exhibit continuous drop of fatigue lives and no obvious horizontal line exists. Similar fracture surface features were observed for all the specimens that failed mainly from internal inclusions with surrounding granular bright facet (GBF). Fatigue strength decreases remarkably with increasing hydrogen content. The applied stress intensity factor range at the periphery of GBF ΔK_GBF is approximately proportional to 1/3 power of the square of GBF area. The average values of ΔK_GBF for uncharged specimens are close to crack growth threshold ΔK_th, which indicates that ΔK_GBF could be regarded as the threshold value governing the beginning of stable fatigue crack propagation. The increase of hydrogen content tends to reduce ΔK_GBF.     

Effect of fracture toughness on abrasive wear resistance of steels

Various abrasive wear mechanisms were reviewed and an abrasive wear modeling experiment is assessed. Abrasive wear resistance of non-heat treated and heat treated steels has been determined by using a pin-abrasion machine with five abrasive papers, which grinds on a small pin of test materials. The mass loss of test material during abrasive wear was determined gravimetrically. A correlation between abrasive wear resistance and Mode II fracture toughness of materials was established. The effect of fracture toughness on abrasive wear resistance of steels was outlined.     

表面电沉积合金层提高碳钢齿轮的接触疲劳强度研究

 接触疲劳破坏是齿轮的主要失效形式之一． 在45#钢齿轮齿面电沉积Ni-P-Co合金层，可以显著提高其接触疲劳强度．同时，对合金层的表面形貌，表面粗糙度、显微硬度和疲劳点蚀坑形貌特征等进行了分析．