Yb:KGd(WO4)2激光晶体结构与振动光谱

用顶部籽晶提拉法, 以K₂W₂O₇为助溶剂, 生长Yb:KGd(WO₄)₂激光晶体. 经热重-差热分析, 确定晶体熔点为1086℃, 相变温度为1021℃. 晶体结构分析确定Yb:KGW(WO₄)₂晶体由WO₆八面体连接而成, WO₆八面体是由(WOOW)双氧桥及(WOW)单氧桥构成. 晶体粉末样品室温下的红外及拉曼光谱测试, 确定WO₄^2-、双氧桥及单氧桥的振动范围, 并对其进行了归属. X射线粉末衍射测试, 验证所生长的晶体为β-Yb:KGd(WO₄)₂.     

水热合成Bi2WO6/ZnO异质结型光催化剂及其光催化性能

在不同温度下(120～220℃),利用水热法制备了含1wt%、2wt%、4wt%和8wt%Bi2WO6的异质结型Bi2WO6/ZnO复合光催化剂,采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外可见漫反射(UV-Vis)吸收光谱及光致发光光谱(PL)等系列手段对所制备的光催化剂进行了表征,并以紫外光(365nm)为光源,酸性橙II为降解对象,进行光催化活性测试,考察了不同Bi2WO6复合量及不同水热温度对ZnO光催化剂反应活性的影响.研究表明,异质结型Bi2WO6/ZnO复合光催化剂的光催化活性明显优于纯ZnO和Bi2WO6.当复合4wt%Bi2WO6水热处理温度为150℃时,所制备的复合光催化剂的光催化活性最佳,为纯ZnO的2.6倍.活性提高的主要原因是形成的Bi2WO6/ZnO异质结能显著降低光生电子和空穴对的复合几率,并改善了异质结型Bi2WO6/ZnO复合光催化剂的表面性能.     

Yb3+:KGW激光晶体生长与表征

通过对K2WO4和K2W2O7两种助溶剂的对比、分析,选择K2W2O7做助溶剂,采用顶部籽晶(TSSG)法生长YbKGW晶体.设计了合理的工艺条件转速10～15r/min;降温速率0.05℃/h;生长周期15d.通过对YbKGW晶体粉末样品的X-ray衍射谱与KGW粉末样品的X-ray衍射谱对比分析,生长晶体为β-YbKGW晶体.利用TG-DTA测定YbKGW晶体的熔点及相变温度分别是1086℃和1021℃.通过对晶体缺陷的观察分析认为,晶体裂缝及包裹物等缺陷与生长工艺条件密切相关,应尽量减少生长过程中的温度、浓度及生长速度的波动,保持晶体的稳态生长.     

WO3添加方式对V2O5/TiO2催化剂性能影响

以TiO2为载体,采用挤压成型法制备了钒系蜂窝整体式SCR脱硝催化剂,通过N2吸附-脱附(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、FT-Ra-man光谱等表征手段和催化活性测试对混合练泥工序中助催化剂WO3不同引入方式制备的催化剂进行了对比研究。实验结果表明,由钛钨粉制备的催化剂具有较大的比表面积及孔容积;而由偏钨酸铵制备的催化剂具有较均匀的微观结构形貌,活性物种分散性好,拥有更多的VO6八面体结构,且出现了WOx四面体结构,表现出良好的NH3-SCR活性和较宽的活性温度窗口,在空速为10000h-1,氨氮比为1.0时,活性温度范围内NO脱除率达到了93%。     

氧缺失对Nd0.7Sr0.3MnO3外延膜结构和输运性的影响

不同厚度的Nd0.7Sr0.3MnO3(NSMO)外延膜是由脉冲激光沉积生长在(LaAlO3)0.3(Sr2AlTaO6)0.7(LSAT)(001)衬底上的。X射线衍射(XRD)和电阻率测量结果显示,沉积氧压为21.333Pa时薄膜c轴参数随着膜厚的减小而增加,同时金属-绝缘体的转变温度TP下降,电阻率增大;另一组生长在27.999Pa氧压下,厚度为120nm的薄膜单胞体积随着退火温度的升高而增大,同时电阻率升高,TP下降。上述结果归因于低的原位沉积氧压和真空退火引起的氧缺失导致n(Mn3+)/n(Mn4+)的增大以及MnO6八面体的畸变。结果表明,对超薄的应变薄膜,要获得较高的TP值,较高的沉积氧压是必需的,同时应仔细考虑真空退火对薄膜性能的影响。     

高掺镁LiNbO3晶体抗光折变性能研究

在LiNbO3中掺进MgO以提拉法生长Mg(1mol%)LN,Mg(3mol%)LN,Mg(5mol%)LN,Mg(7mol%)LN,和Mg(9mol%)LN晶体.改进晶体生长工艺条件,解决了在生长中出现的脱溶,散射颗粒,生长条纹等缺陷.生长出高质量高掺镁LiNbO3晶体.测试MgLiNbO3晶体的红外光谱,当Mg2+的浓度达到或超过阈值浓度的MgLiNbO3晶体,OH-吸收峰移到3535cm-1,晶体抗光损伤能力比LiNbO3晶体提高两个数量级以上.测试MgLiNbO3晶体的倍频性能(相位匹配温度,倍频转换效率)MgLiNbO3晶体的相位匹配温度随Mg2+浓度的增加而改变,Mg(5mol%)LN,晶体的相位匹配温度达到116℃,Mg(9mol%)LN晶体在室温附近.     

3D Bi2WO6/TiO2异质结型光催化剂的制备以及增强的可见光催化性能

通过浸渍法合成了3D多组分Bi2WO6/TiO2异质结型复合光催化剂,多次浸渍使TiO2粒子层层沉积到花状Bi2WO6结构的表面。采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、光致发光光谱(PL)以及紫外-可见漫反射(UV-Vis)吸收光谱分别对所制备的复合光催化剂进行了表征,并以500W氙灯为光源,罗丹明B(RhB)为降解对象,进行了光催化活性测试,考察了不同TiO2复合量对Bi2WO6光催化剂反应活性的影响。结果表明,异质结型Bi2WO6/TiO2复合光催化剂的光催化活性明显优于纯Bi2WO6和TiO2。当复合15%(质量分数)TiO2时,所制备的复合光催化剂最有效促进电子和空穴的分离,并且光催化活性得到提高。活性提高的原因是所形成的异质结特殊的界面能够显著地降低光生电子和空穴的复合几率,并且具有较高的光吸收能力。     

Yb:NaY(WO4)2晶体生长及性能研究

本文首次采用提拉法生长出了四方晶系白钨矿结构的Yb:NaY(WO4)2晶体,通过TG-DTA分析得到晶体的熔点为1211℃,测试了该晶体的红外光谱、拉曼光谱和吸收光谱.结果表明,该晶体在848nm、968nm附近有较强、较宽的吸收峰,适合于LD泵浦.     

第一性原理对CaTiO3和CaCu3Ti4O12的对比研究

通过Ca替换CaCu_3Ti_4O_(12)晶胞中的所有Cu,建立了包含TiO6八面体扭转的CaTiO3;通过Cu替换CaTiO32×2×2超胞中3/4的Ca,建立了不包含CuO_4正方形的CaCu_3Ti_4O_(12)。采用Materials Studio软件的CASTEP模块,对比了上述晶体和标准晶体成键状况、能带结构、态密度及介电函数,分析了TiO6八面体扭转和CuO_4正方形的影响,发现了Cu-O键或CuO_4正方形对CaCu_3Ti_4O_(12)光频介电常数的关键性作用。研究结果提供了通过内禀机制优化CaCu_3Ti_4O_(12)材料介电性能的新途径。     

钨酸铅晶体的生长及其闪烁性的研究

采用提拉法生长出直径 2 0 -2 5mm,长 2 5-3 0 mm优质 Pb WO4及 La3 +、Mg2 +、Mo6+和 Bi3 +掺杂 Pb WO4晶体。测试了晶体的 X射线衍射谱、透射光谱、激发发射光谱、光产额、抗辐照性能和发光衰减时间。总结并解释了掺杂对 Pb WO4晶体性能的影响以及氧退火对晶体抗辐照性能的影响 ,探讨了掺杂改善晶体闪烁性能的可能性。     

K2(Rb2,Cs2,Tl2)TeBr6(I6) and Rb3(Cs3)Sb2(Bi2)Br9(I9) perovskite compounds

We systematize available experimental data on the crystal structure of the ternary halides K₂(Rb₂,Cs₂,Tl₂)TeBr₆(I₆) and Rb₃(Cs₃)Sb₂(Bi₂)Br₉(I₉), analyze the general trends in the properties of their single crystals, and examine the key features of the physicochemical interaction in related systems.     

Flux growth of single magnetic sublattice antiferromagnetic garnets Ca3 Fe2 Ge3 O12 and Ca3 Mn2 Ge3 O12

Magnetic single crystals garnets Ca₃ X₂ Ge₃ O₁₂ with X = Mn³⁺ or Fe³⁺ containing Ca²⁺ and Ge⁴⁺ are of great interest due to the rise of an antifer-romagnetic order in one definite octahedral site. The optimal conditions for obtaining single magnetic-sublattice garnets of large size (1 cm in diameter) have been analyzed. Two groups of solvents have been tested: Bi₂ O₃ or PbO based flux. The best results were obtained with PbO flux and starting composition : % Moles 44 PbO 1b 35 GeO₂ 1b 15 CaO 1b 6 X₂ O₃.     

Syntheses and structures of Ta2(WO2)0.87H0.26(PO4)4 and Ta2(MoO2)(PO4)4

Tantalum hydrogen phosphate, β-TaH(PO₄)₂, has a three-dimensional structure that is stable to remarkably high temperature (∼600 °C) presumably due to the presence of strong hydrogen bonds. Impedance measurements indicate a low conductivity, 2.0 × 10⁻⁶ S/cm at 200 °C in 5% H₂. In further studies aimed at enhancing the conductivity by aliovalent doping, we have investigated systematically the synthesis of compounds in the TaH(PO₄)₂-W₂P₂O₁₁ system at 380 °C. As a result, a new phase, Ta₂(WO₂)_0.87H_0.26(PO₄)₄, was identified and subsequently the molybdenum analog Ta₂(MoO₂)(PO₄)₄ was also prepared. The structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The structures of Ta₂(WO₂)_0.87H_0.26(PO₄)₄ and Ta₂(MoO₂)(PO₄)₄ can be formally derived from the structure of β-TaH(PO₄)₂ by the replacement of two P-OH protons with an MO₂²⁺ (M = Mo and W) group together with a change in the orientation of some phosphate tetrahedra.     

(K0.44,Na0.52,Li0.04) (Nb0.84,Ta0.10,Sb0.06)O3 Ferroelectric Ceramics

Recent progress in (K_0.44,Na_0.52,Li_0.043-based ceramics (KNN) with special emphasis on (K_0.44,Na_0.52,Li_0.040.84,Ta_0.10,Sb_0.06))O₃ (KNN-LT-LS) is reviewed concisely. The base KNN and its compositional derivatives are analyzed in terms of dopant-property relationships, which are then extended to the ternary derivatives. The effects of processing conditions such as humidity, precursor purity, and oxygen partial pressure during sintering are elaborated on from a phenomenological perspective. It is also shown that the spontaneous polarization is sensitive to the processing route chosen for synthesis (mixed oxide versus perovskite routes). Special attention is devoted to the discussion of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) dilemma in the KNN-LT-LS system, where it is shown that the origin of high piezoelectric activity is actually due to a polymorphic transition at room temperature. It is shown that prototype transducers based on pure and 1 mol% Ba²⁺ doped KNN-LT-LS exhibit performance metrics comparable to those fabricated using PZT-5H. Overall, KNNLT- LS ceramics show great promise for lead-free applications, although issues such as temperature dependence of properties and strong sensitivity to processing conditions remain as the 2 major challenges.     

Preparation of (NH4)Zr2(PO4)3 and HZr2(PO4)3

(NH₄)Zr₂(PO₄)₃ has been prepared, hydrothermally, from α-zirconium phosphate in three different ways; (1) from amine intercalates at 300°C, (2) from mixtures of ZrOCl₂·8H₂O in excess (NH₄)H₂PO₄ and (3) reaction of NH₄Cl with Zr(NaPO₄)₂. Ammonium dizirconium triphosphate is rhombohedral with a = 8.676(1) and $\text{c}\text{= 24.288(5)}\text{A}\text{?}$. It decomposed on heating to HZr₂(PO₄)₃. Below 600°C a complex, as yet unindexed, X-ray pattern was obtained. A very similar X-ray pattern was obtained by washing LiTi_0.1Zr_1.9(PO₄)₃ with 0.3N HCl. Heating this phase or NH₄Zr₂(PO₄)₃, above 600°C resulted in the appearance of a rhombohedral phase of HZr₂(PO₄)₃ with cell dimensions a = 8.803(5) and $\text{c}\text{= 23.23(1)}\text{A}\text{?}$. The protons were not completely removed until about 1150°C. Decomposition of (NH₄)Zr₂(PO₄)₃ at 450°C yielded an acidic gas whereas at 700°C NH₃ was evolved. A possible explanation for this behavior is presented.     

Dielectric properties of Pb3 (PO4)2 | Pb3 (AsO4)2

The dielectric constants of Pb₃ (PO₄)₂ | Pb₃ (AsO₄)₂ at room temperature are intrinsic and fulfill the Lyddane - Teller - Sachs relation. At higher temperatures the specific conductivity increases with an activation energy of 0.56 eV leading to Maxwell - Wagner polarization effects thereby increasing the effective dielectric constant. Corresponding peaks in ∈' (T) are extrinsic and not attributed to structural phase transformations.     

Bi3(FeO4)(MoO4)2 and Bi3(GaO4)(MoO4)2 - new compounds with scheelite related structures

The title compounds have been prepared for the first time. They have monoclinic structures related to the scheelite (CaWO₄) structure, and they represent the first example of trivalent cations on tetrahedral sites of the scheelite structure. A superstructure is observed due to an ordering of the cations on the tetrahedral sites.     

Hydrothermal Crystallization in the Systems La2(CO3)3 ? 6H2O-CaCO3(BaCO3)-R-H2O (R = Na2CO3, K2CO3, NaHCO3, KHCO3, NaCl, NH4Cl, CO(NH2)2)

Crystallization in the systems La₂(CO₃)₃ ⋅ 6H₂O-CaCO₃(BaCO₃)-R-H₂O (R = Na₂CO₃, K₂CO₃, NaHCO₃, KHCO₃, NaCl, NH₄Cl, CO(NH₂)₂) was studied under hydrothermal conditions (400–450°C). The solid reaction products were found to contain LaOHCO₃ and NaLa(CO₃)₂. Detailed thermal decomposition schemes were proposed for these phases, and their lattice parameters were refined. __________ Translated from Neorganicheskie Materialy, Vol. 41, No. 11, 2005, pp. 1366–1372. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2005 by Nikol'skaya, Dem'yanets.     

Direct observation of ferroelasticity in Pb3(PO4)2  Pb3(VO4)2

Ferroelasticity has been established in the room temperature phase of Pb₃(P_xV_1-xO₄)₂, (x ≥ 0.8). The coercitive stress and the spontaneous strain have been determined and found to be 1.6 bars and ca. 3.5 · 10^?4 respectively. The effect of domain switching on double refraction and Raman spectra is clearly brought out.     

Crystal Structure of (H3O)6[(UO2)5(SeO4)8(H2O)5](H2O)5

Crystals of (H₃O)₆[(UO₂)₅(SeO₄)₈(H₂O)₅](H₂O)₅ were prepared from aqueous solutions by evaporation. The crystal structure [monoclinic system, space group P2₁/m, a = 13.835(2), b = 13.4374(16), c = 14.310(3) Å, β = 108.004(14)°, V = 2530.1(7) Å ³] was solved by the direct method and refined to R ₁ = 0.090 for 4409 reflections with |F _hkl ≥ 4σ|F _hkl |. The structure is based on [(UO₂)₅(SeO₄)₈(H₂O)₅]⁶⁻ layers arranged parallel to the (101) plane; these layers have a unique topological structure. The U(1)O₆(H₂O) and U(3)O₆(H₂O) linked through selenate groups form chains running along [ [`1]\bar 1 01] direction. The chains are combined in layers by U(2)O₆(H₂O) bipyramids. The layers are linked with each other by hydrogen bonds through the H₂O and H₃O⁺ groups located between the layers.