共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 279 毫秒
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再议纤维素再生纤维及其纺织品 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
总结了再生纤维素材料开发的意义,针对不同天然材料的结构和功能特点,分析了各类材料能对再生纤维素纤维的性能所做的贡献,并提出了该类材料应突破的瓶颈所在和未来发展的建议。 相似文献
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自组装技术具有原理简单、操作便捷、易于调控等优点,在纤维素衍生物及纳米晶功能材料,包括药物缓释、电极柔性膜、电池、电容器等制备中得到了广泛应用。本文针对多种纤维素衍生物,如羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、羟乙基纤维素(HEC)和羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)和纳米纤维素(纤维素纳米晶体(CNC)、纤维素纳米纤丝(CNF)、细菌纤维素(BC))自组装制备功能材料的最新进展进行了综述,通过对比制备方法、性质及优缺点,为纤维素自组装新型材料的进一步研发和应用提供参考和指导。 相似文献
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木质纤维原料制备燃料丁醇的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
丁醇作为一种重要的且具有极大潜力的新型生物燃料受到广泛重视。生物发酵法制备丁醇是通过产溶剂梭菌的厌氧发酵合成,即传统的丙酮-丁醇-乙醇(ABE)发酵,其可以降低对有限石油资源的消耗和依赖;而以玉米、糖蜜等淀粉质和糖质为原料发酵制备丁醇使得丁醇的原料成本升高,不利于丁醇未来的发展和产业化;木质纤维素是自然界中廉价且丰富的可再生资源,利用木质纤维原料制备丁醇成为研究热点之一。本文介绍了木质纤维原料的预处理、酶解及脱毒;重点归纳了近年来国内外对以木质纤维素为原料产丁醇菌种的选育研究进展,并概括了ABE发酵工艺中的调控技术进展;最后针对以木质纤维原料制备丁醇过程存在的问题提出可能的解决方向,以期为高效利用木质纤维素制备燃料丁醇提供新思路。 相似文献
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全世界正努力利用可生物降解及对环境友好的天然纤维用于非传统用途,这引起了人们对这些纤维新的研究兴趣.在一篇各种天然木质纤维素纤维的结构和性能研究论文中,记录并分析了红外光谱,虽然这些光谱总的看来有些相似,但进一步的分析揭示了相当大的差异. 相似文献
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Biodegradability of fillers, interesting physical and mechanical properties of polypropylene/lignocellulosic materials are essential motives for undertaking studies of various properties of such materials. Up to now, there have been no complex investigations defining processing of polypropylene/rapeseed straw composites. This study presents the results of research into finding optimal technological parameters of extrusion and injection molding methods. The structural investigations were done using the wide-angle X-ray scattering method. Crystallization of polypropylene in composites filled with rapeseed straw is connected with interfacial interactions, such as shearing forces at the boundary of phases: polypropylene matrix—mold wall—lignocellulosic filler. The value of the melt flow index (MFR) for polypropylene influences the crystallization structure of the crystallization in the injection molding process. Moreover, various parts of dumbbells have different structure of the matrix, which is caused by shearing forces and cooling conditions during the polypropylene processing. 相似文献
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M. Jiménez-Francisco R. H. Cruz-Estrada J. G. Carrillo 《Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff》2018,76(2):469-479
Lignocellulosic–plastic composites are materials widely used in the construction industry; however, their mechanical performance and durability constitutes a serious issue due to the nature of the lignocellulosic component which makes it prone to biological degradation. This article gives account of the protective performance of a novel eco-friendly solvent based coating obtained from recycled expanded polystyrene dissolved with Limonene, and three different coating systems used generally for outside wood protection, applied on a Kraft paper for potential structural use. Three aspects were evaluated, namely coating interaction with the lignocellulosic substrate, water absorption and resistance to Nasutitermes corniger termite attack. Scanning electron microscopy revealed two types of interaction namely—adsorption and absorption—of the coatings systems in the fibrous structure. Coating absorption revealed better protection for water absorptiveness of the paper structure. After biotic exposure, sample weight loss and damaged structure were observed, highlighting the aggressiveness of this type of termites which attack any kind of material studied here, in order to reach their food source. 相似文献
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为降低纬编成形背心织造工序的原料损耗和生产能耗,以女士紧身短背心为开发对象,进行结构建模与工艺实践。首先将传统纬编成形背心纵向织造的宽肩带转化为横向织造的矩形肩带,其次对背心进行功能分区,设计不同性能的无缝组织。然后通过虚拟仿真,参数可视化建模调整分区结构与数值,实际织造后对比结构转化前后的损耗。结果表明:通过对纬编成形背心的结构转化并进行功能分区、可视化建模,进行工艺参数的调节,实现了低损耗与高效率兼顾的纬编成形女士紧身短背心的生产,为纬编成形服装结构转化与节能产品开发提供参考。 相似文献
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The molecular parameters and functional properties of low-protein materials with a cellular structure are determined by both the conditions of preparation and the kind of raw material used. Compared to alcohol-insoluble substance, the conditions of preparation were modified. When an alkaline extraction and a favorable combination of processing steps is used, materials with special low protein and high pectin contents result. In addition, such functional properties as water binding capacity and cation exchange capacity of the materials are improved. After having prepared various materials with a cellular structure from apple, carrot, and white cabbage, it was found that the amount of solvent needed and the yield, as well as the molecular parameters and the functional properties were also determined by the kind of raw materials used. For instance, material with a cellular structure from apple is low in protein and high in water binding capacity. Whereas, materials with a cellular structure from carrot, which contains a deesterified pectin component, is characterized by a good yield, a high pectin content, and an excess of 1,5 mmol/g of free carboxyl groups. 相似文献
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蛋白质酶法改性研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
蛋白质作为三大营养物质之一,除具有营养价值之外,其功能特性也在食品、医药和材料中发挥着重要作 用。蛋白质功能特性与其分子结构有关,可以通过物理、化学、酶或基因工程方法对蛋白质进行改性修饰,从而改 善蛋白质的功能特性、营养价值及食品感官质量等,进而扩大其应用范围,满足工业需求。诸多改性方法中,酶法 改性安全性高、条件温和,且产品可接受度高,是一种极具潜力的蛋白质改性方法。酶法改性主要包括对蛋白质进 行水解、交联或共价接枝。本文介绍了近年来蛋白质酶法改性的研究进展,讨论了改性蛋白质的功能特性,并对其 应用前景进行展望。 相似文献